Unit 1 Helping those in need 重点词汇讲解_book6unit3词汇讲解
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Unit 1 Helping those in need 重点词汇讲解
第一课时:
1.raise v.筹集;提升;增加
第三人称单数:raises
过去式:raised
过去分词:raised
现在分词:raising
搭配:raise one’s voice 提高嗓门;raise a family 养家糊口;raise money 筹款;
raise price 提高价格;raise one’s spirits 打起精神
raise = keep 有“饲养,抚养”的意思,如:
raise cattle = keep cattle(饲养牲口)和raise children(抚养孩子)
辨析:raise, rise(rise--rose--risen)的区别
(1)这两个词都有“提高,上升,增加”的意思,但其用法不同。
raise是及物动词,其主语通常是人;而rise是不及物动词,其主语通常是物。例如:
The sun rises and bathes the earth.太阳升起,普照大地。
(2)raise和rise用于同一事物时含义不同。例如:
The price of TV sets has been raised recently.最近电视机提价了。(政府或厂家主动行动)
The price of TV sets has risen recently.最近
电视机提价了。(市场调节)
2.permiion n.= agreement 准许;批准
Write a letter to the head teacher to ask permiion to raise money.给校长写一封信请求允许筹钱。
同根词:permit v.= allow you to do it 许可,准许;默许
The guards permitted me to bring my camera and tape recorder.3.disabled adj.有伤残的;丧失能力的;不中用
I taught disabled children to sing.我教残疾的孩子唱歌。
同根词:disable v.= make(sb.)unable to do sth.使无能力;使残废,使伤残
He is disabled from voting.他失去了选举资格。
enable v.= make(sb.)able to do sth.使(某人)能够做某事
The new test should enable doctors to detect the disease early.新的检测手段应该能够使医生们尽早查出这种疾病。
搭配:mentally disabled 有智力缺陷 learning disabilities 学习障碍
4.offer v.= be willing to do something
主动提出
Peter offered to teach them water-skiing.彼得主动提出教他们滑水。
搭配:offer one’s hand 伸出友好的手
offer sb.sth.为某人提供某物
They have offered me a large sum of money to go away.他们曾为我提供一大笔搬迁费
辨析:provide, offer的区别:
provide用于表示无主动慷慨之意地为人或物提供需要或有用的东西,仅仅是出于某种责任,强调提供必须用的东西,尤其是生活用品。常用于provide sb.with sth.或provide sth.for sb.的固定搭配中。offer表示主动提供服务、工作等。常用于offer sb.sth.或offer sth.to sb.固定搭配中。例如:offer sb.主动提出帮助某人;offer sb.a good salary 给某人一个好工资。
Somehow she managed to provide her children with food and clothing.她总算设法使她的孩子有饭吃,有衣穿。
He offered me a gla of wine.= He offered a gla of wine to me.他端给我一杯酒。
5.illne n.(某种)病
The children there all suffer from serious illne.那里的孩子都遭受疾病的折磨。
同根词:ill adj.有病的(比较级:worse,最高级:worst)
辨析:ill, sick的区别:
ill和sick都有“生病的;有病的”之意,但用法并不完全相同。
ill表示“生病的;有病的”这一意思时,一般用作表语,不能作定语;而sick既可以作表语又可以作定语,如“病人”可以说a sick man或the sick, 但不能说an ill man或the ill。例如:
She is ill/sick in bed.她卧病在床。
She is looking after her sick father.她在照顾她生病的父亲。
sick 有“恶心的;厌倦的”之意。例如:The smell makes me sick.这气味使我感到恶心。
ill作定语修饰名词时是“坏的;邪恶的”之意。例如:
He is an ill man.他是一个邪恶的人。6.organize v.组织
In the end, we all decided to organize a concert for Easter.最终,我们一致决定组织一场复活节音乐会。
同根词:organization n.组织;机构;团体
What do you know about our organization? 关于我们的组织你知道些什么? 7.expre v.表达;表露
This helps them expre their feelings.这有助于他们表达他们的情感。
同根词:expreion n.表现,表示,表达;表情
She gave expreion to her sadne.她流露出了悲伤之情。
8.lonely
adj.孤独的;寂寞的;荒凉的(比较级:lonelier最高级:loneliest)
It felt like the loneliest place in the world.感觉这就像是天底下最荒凉的地方。
辨析:lonely, alone的区别:
alone为形容词,意为“单独的”,只作表语,不能作定语。侧重说明独自一人,没有助手或同伴,没有感情色彩的只表示客观的状态。
lonely意为“孤独的”,表示主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有较浓的感情色彩,指因缺少朋友、同情、友谊等产生的一种悲伤和忧郁的感情。它为形容词,在句中作表语或定语。作定语时,意为“荒凉;偏僻”,多修饰表示地点的名词。
alone还可以作副词。
alone adv.单独;独自
She went home alone.= She went home by herself.她独自回家去了。
The old man lives in a lonely town, he lives alone but he does’t feel lonely.这位老人住在偏僻的镇上,他独自一人住着,但他并不感到孤独。
第二课时:
1.friendship n.友情;友谊
同根词:friend n.朋友
复数:friends.I had a long talk about this with my best friend.friendly
adj.友好的Robert has a friendly relationship with his customers.罗伯特和他的客户之间关系处得很好。
friendline n.友善
She also loves the friendline of the people.她也喜欢人们的友善。
2.difficulty
n.= be not able to do something easily 困难;费劲
The country is facing great economic difficulties.该国正面临巨大的经济困难。
同根词:difficult adj.= hard to do 困难的The child is going through a difficult phase.那孩子正经历困难的阶段。
搭配:have difficulty(in)doing something 做……有困难
I had no difficulty(in)making myself understood.我毫不费力地表达了自己的意思。
in difficulty/difficulties 处境困难
The bank is in difficulty/difficulties.这家银行处境困难。
3.joy n.= a feeling of great happine 愉快;喜悦
I taught them to sing because music can bring them joy and peace.我教他们唱歌,因为音乐能带给他们喜悦与宁静。
同根词:joyful n.快乐的,高兴的;令人开心的,使人喜悦的He was excited and joyful at the succe.他因成功而激动欣喜。
搭配:to one’s joy 令人高兴的是,使某人高兴的是
To her joy her son was permitted to a key university.4.peace n.平静;宁静
the Nobel Peace Prize 诺贝尔和平奖
One more question and I’ll leave you in peace.再问一个问题,我就不打扰你了。
同根词:peaceful adj.和平的;爱好和平的;安静的;平静的Evening in the country is a very peaceful time.乡村里的今晚是平静安谧的时刻。
5.hurt v.= injure 使疼痛;受伤
Tim hurt his legs in an accident, but he has
lots of courage.提姆在一次事故中伤了腿,但他很勇敢。
同根词:hurt adj.受伤的;痛苦的;(受)损坏的They did not seem to be badly hurt.他们看起来没有受重伤。
搭配:hurt oneself 受伤
Have you hurt yourself? 你伤着自己了吗?
6.courage n.勇气;勇敢
He showed great courage and determination.他表现得十分勇敢和果断。
同根词:encourage v.鼓励,鼓舞;支持;促进;鼓动
My English teacher often encourages us to read English aloud.我的英语老师常常鼓励我们大声读英语。
搭配:take one’s courage in both hands 鼓起勇气去做;敢作敢为
Taking her courage in both hands, she opened the door and walked in.她壮着胆打开门,走了进去。
courage in the face of danger 面对危险时的胆量
7.pay v.付款;偿还
We paid ₤35 for each ticket.我们每张票付了35英镑。
同根词:pay n.工资;薪水;报答
They complained about their pay and conditions.他们抱怨他们的薪水和工作条件。
搭配:pay off 偿清(债务);支付(债务)的全部数额
pay attention to 注意
pay a visit to 去参观,拜访
pay for 为……付款
辨析:spend, take, cost和pay的用法区别:
take, spend, cost, pay都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同。
spend的主语必须是人,常用于以下结构:
(1)spend time/money on sth.在……上花费时间(金钱)。例如:
I spent two hours on this maths problem.这道数学题花了我两个小时。
(2)spend time/money(in)doing sth.花费时间(金钱)做某事。例如:
They spent two years(in)building this bridge.造这座桥花了他们两年时间。
(3)spend money for sth.花钱买…… 例如:
His money was spent for books.他的钱用来买书了。
cost的主语是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常见用法如下:
(1)sth.costs(sb.)+ 金钱,某物花了(某人)多少钱。例如:
A new computer costs a lot of money.(2)(doing)sth.costs(sb.)+ 时间,某物(做某事)花了(某人)多少时间。例如:
Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time.他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。
注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。
take后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:
(1)It takes sb.+ 时间 + to do sth.做某事花了某人多少时间。例如:
It took them three years to build this road.他们用三年时间修完了这条路。
(2)doing sth.takes sb.+ 时间,做某事花了某人多少时间。例如:
Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon.他花了一下午修车。
pay的基本用法是:
(1)pay(sb.)money for sth.付钱(给某人)买…… 例如:
I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month.我每个月要付20英镑的房租。
(2)pay for sth.付……的钱 例如:
I have to pay for the book lost.我不得不赔丢失的书款。
(3)pay for sb.替某人付钱 例如:
Don’t worry!I’ll pay for you.别担心,我会给你付钱的。
(4)pay sb.付钱给某人 例如:
They pay us every month.他们每月给我们报酬。
(5)pay money back 还钱
例如:
May I borrow 12 yuan from you? I’ll pay it back next week.(6)pay off one’s money 还清钱。
cost…… 某物价值多少元
The book costs 2 yuan.那本书2元钱
spend……某人花费多少元
We spend 2 yuan buying the book.我们花费2元买那本书。
注意:cost的主语是物(某物花费了多少),spend的主语是人(某人花费了多少)。
sth.cost sb.some money
sb.spend some money/time on sth./(in)doing sth.The car cost him around ten thousand US dollars.这车花去他一万美元左右。
The error cost the company one million pounds.这错误使公司损失了一百万英镑。
spend 主语只能是人,表示“……在……上花费了……”
I spent MYM 100 on the bike.我花了一百
美元买下那辆自行车。
They spent three months touring Europe.他们花了三个月时间周游欧洲。
总结:
take一般用it作主语,例如:it takes sb.sometime to do sth.spend一般是人作主语,例如:I spend an hour finishing my homework.cost表示某物值什么的(价值或钱),例如:The book cost 200 yuan.pay一般是人作主语,例如:I pay lots of money for books.