小升初英语基本语法大汇总_小升初英语知识点汇总

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2014小升初英语基本语法大汇总

2014小升初英语基本语法大汇总

小升初也是一个很重要的转折,我们在学习的过程中,要把握好重点,才能在考试中发挥出色。以下是对英语重点句型的总结:

一、名词

表示某一事物,有具体的和抽象的之分。分为可数名词和不可数名词。强调:不可数名词都默认为单数,所以总是用is或者was;最好不要根据some、any、a lot of等词去作判

断,以免受误导。

1、可数名词如何变“复数形式”:

a.一般情况下,直接加-s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds ;读音:清辅音后读,浊辅音和

元音后读[z]。

b.以s.x.sh.ch结尾,加-es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, brush-brushes, watch-watches ;读音:[iz]。

c.以“辅音字母+y”结尾,变y为i, 再加-es,如:family-families, strawberry-strawberries ;读音:[z]。

d.以“f或fe”结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加-es,如:knife-knives,thief-thieves;读音:[z]。

e.以“o”结尾的词,分两种情况

1)有生命的+es

tomato-tomatoeshero-heroes

2)无生命的+s读音:[z] 如:photo-photosradio-radios

f.不规则名词复数: man-men, woman-women, policeman-policemen, policewoman-policewomen,snowman-snowmen,2、不可数名词没有复数。如果要计算不可数名词所表达的数量,就得在数词和不可数名词之间加上“量

词+of”。例如:a gla of water, a piece of paper, a bottle of juice

判断步骤:

↗如是am、is或was→原形

读句子→读该单词→认识该单词→理解意思→看be动词

读音:[z],如:mango-mangoesmouse-mice, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth, fish-fish, people-people, Chinese-Chinese, Japanese-Japanese

↘如是are或were→加s或es

练一练:

1、写出下列各词的复数。

I _________him _________this _______her ______watch _______mango_______child _______ photo ________ diary ______day________foot________ dre ________ tooth_______ sheep ______box_______strawberry _____ thief _______ engineer______ peach______ sandwich ______man______woman_______leaf_______people________

2、用所给名词的正确形式填空。

(1)Are there two(box)on the table?

(2)I can see some(people)in the cinema.(3)How many(day)are there in a week?

(4)Here’re five(bottle)of(juice)for you.(5)This(violin)is hers.Those(grape)are over there.二、大写字母的运用

1.句首第一个字母大写。

2.人名、国名、节日名、语言名、组织名等专有名词的首字母大写。

3.星期、月份的首字母大写。

4.特指的学校、政府、党派、委员会或涉及具体人名的称呼或职位,首字母大写。

5.某些特殊词汇、缩略词、标志语、特殊用语等,首字母大写或全大写。

三、缩略形式

I’m = I am, you’re = you are, she’s = she is/she has, won’t=will not, can’t =can not, isn’t=is not, let's = let us.四、名词复数的变化规则

1.一般情况下,直接加s,如:book-books, bag-bags, cat-cats, bed-beds.2.以s,x,sh,ch结尾,加es,如:bus-buses, box-boxes, watch-watches.3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i, 再加es,如:family-families, hobby-hobbies.4.以f或fe结尾,变f或fe为v, 再加es,如:thief-thieves, knife-knives.5.以o结尾,加es,如:mango-mangoes.加s,如:radio-radios,photo-photos.6.不规则变化,如:man-men, woman-women, child-children, foot-feet, tooth-teeth.7.不可数名词有:bread, juice, tea, coffee, water, rice等。(不可数名词相对应的be动词是is/was)

练习:

1、请写出下列名词的复数形式,没有复数形式的请划出/。(25分)

bus______fox______boy______day______zoo______

tree______deer______fish______city______leaf______

life______milk______foot______horse______mouse______

tooth______woman______broom______juice______water______

people______branch______family______ox______ country______

2、填入所给名词的正确形式。(5分)

1.The ______________ are playing football now.(child)

2.There are ten ___________________in our school.(woman teacher)

3.Most of __________ live in __________.(German)

4.There are three _________ and five _______ in the room.(Chinese, German)

5.Could you please give me some __________?(milk)

五、表示人或物品所属关系时,就需要使用名词所有格。名词所有格的构成有以下规则:

1.一般情况下,在名词的末尾加’s构成。如:Tom’s book

2.以“-s”结尾的复数名词的所有格,只在其末尾加’。如:our teachers’ books

3.表示几个人共同拥有的东西时,只在最后一个名字上加所有格。如:Su Hai and Su Yang’s bedroom

六、a, an和the的用法

1.单词或字母的第一个读音是辅音读音:a book, a peach, a “U”.单词或字母的第一个读音是元音读音:an egg, an hour, an “F”.2.the要注意的:球类前面不加the,乐器前面要加the,序数词前面要加the。

1._____ear2.______actor3._____hen4.______toy

5.______university

6.______elephant7.______hat8.______umbrella

9.______rabbit10.______idea

11.______hour12_______ honest boy13.______interesting book

14.______easy question

15.______orange dre16_______apple pie17_______X-ray machine

18.______ice cream

七、人称代词和物主代词

人称代词:

1.人称代词分为第一、第二、第三人称,且有单复数之分。

2.人称代词的主格在句中做主语,一般用在动词前(疑问句除外)。

3.人称代词的宾格在句中做宾语,多用于动词、介词后。

4.人称代词能代替表示人称的名词。

物主代词:

1.表示所有关系的代词叫做物主代词。

2.物主代词分为形容词性物主代词和名词性物主代词。物主代词也有人称和数的变化。

3.形容词性物主代词起形容词的作用,后面一定要跟名词,表示该名词所代表的事物是属于谁的。

4.名词性物主代词=形容词性物主代词+名词。如:This is my bag.= This is mine.熟记人称代词和物主代词的*

1、人称代词主格和宾格的区别:主格通常位于句中第一个动词之前(有时候位于than 之后),宾格一般位于动词或介词之后。

2、物主代词形容词性与名词性的区别:形容词性用时后面一般要带上名词,名词性则单独使用,后面不带名词。

练习:用适当的代词填空:

1.That is not _________ kite.That kite is very small, but ______ is very big.(I)

2.The dre is _________.Give it to _________.(she)

3.Is this _________ watch?(you)No, it’s not _________.(I)

4._________ is my brother.________ name is Jack.Look!Those stamps are _________.(he)

5._________ drees are red.(we)What colour are _________?(you)

6.Here are many dolls, which one is _________ ?(she)

7.I can find my toy, but where’s _________?(you)

8.Show _________ your kite, OK?(they)

9.I have a beautiful cat._________name is Mimi.These cakes are _________.(it)

10.Are these _________ tickets? No, _________ are not _________._________ aren’t here.(they)

11.Shall _________ have a look at that claroom? That is _________ claroom.(we)

12._________ is my aunt.Do you know _________ job? _________ a nurse.(she)

13.That is not _________ camera._________is at home.(he)

14.Where are _________? I can’t find _________.Let’s call _________ parents.(they)

15.Don’t touch _________._________ not a cat, _________ a tiger!

16._________ sister is ill.Please go and get _________.(she)

17._________ don’t know her name.Would you please tell _________.(we)

18.So many dogs.Let’s count _________.(they)

19.I have a lovely brother._________ is only 3.I like _________ very much.(he)

20.May I sit beside _________?(you)

21.Look at that desk.Those book are on _________.(it)

22.The girl behind _________ is our friend.(she)

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