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Victorian Age(3)
_Poets 1.Victorian Poets
To write poems in long narrative and dramatic monologue. To use detail to construct visual images that represent the emotion or situation the poem concerns. To use sound to convey meaning To pay more attention to the inner world and psychology.They expre the spiritual struggle and unrest. To describe social iues objectively.2.Representatives
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
2.2 Robert Browning
2.1 Alfred, Lord Tennyson 2.1.1 Family & Education
The fourth son of a really
learned clergyman.1828: entered Cambridge
The Apostles “使徒社”
Arthur Henry Hallam
(William wordsworth;Shelly, Keats)
Alfred, Lord Tennyson
(1809-1892)2.1.2 Major works
1827, Poems by Two Brothers 《两兄弟诗集》
1830, Poems,Chiefly Lyrical 《抒情诗集》
1832, Poems 《诗集》
“The Lady of Shalott”;“The Lotos-Eaters”
“The Palace of Art”;
“The Miller’s Daughter”
“The May Queen”
1842, Poems 《诗集》(two volumes)
p.234: „„
“a real addition to our literature”(Quarterly Review)
“Break, Break, Break”;“Morte d’Arthur”;
“Locksley Hall”;“Ulyes” “You Ask Me, Why”
1847, The Prince
1850, In Memoriam(1833-1850)《悼念》
Arthur Henry Hallam;poet laureate
1852, “Ode on the Death of the Duke of Wellington”
1854, “The Charge of the Light Brigade”《轻骑兵的冲锋》
1855, Maud
1859, Idylls of the King 《国王逸事》
1873, “The Revenge”
1889, “Croing the Bar” 《驶过沙洲》 3.Appreciation of Poems_“ Ulyes 这样毫无益处:当个闲散国王,深居山岩中,坐在静静的炉旁,由老妻陪伴,向一个野蛮民族 发布各种奖惩法令,他们只知 贮藏,吃睡,却不知我是谁。我不能居安而不出;我要喝干 人生这杯酒。我享受过莫大欢乐,也吃过大苦头,和爱我的人一起,或独自一个;在岸上,或在海里,在阵阵暴雨中,穿过波涛滚滚的 茫茫大海。如今我只是虚名一个。因为我总是如饥如渴地四处漫游,见得多,知道的也多——各类城市,人物风情和气候,各国议员和政府
至少我自己还是受到大家尊重,—— 我和同僚们共饮战斗的欢欣,在那风起云涌遥远的特洛伊旷野,我所经历的只是我人生的一部分; 一切经历只是一座拱门,拱门之外 还有未游历的世界在闪光,它的边界 随着我们向前移动永远退向前方。
停止不前,就此终结,不磨砺任其生锈,不使用也不发光,这是何等枯燥乏味!仿佛生命只是呼吸!几次生命相加 还嫌太少,我的生命只有一次
而且所剩无几;但从那静寂的永恒中 省下的每一个小时都会为我们增加
一些新东西,带来一些新事物;三年来 我可耻地把自己封存和储藏起来,可这班白的心灵却迫切地向往 去追随知识,像那西沉的星星,到那人类思想极限以外的地方。
这是我儿子,我的忒勒玛科斯,我要把这君权和岛国留给他掌管—— 我很爱他,他也有眼力,能够完成 这项费力的任务,会慢慢而谨慎地 把这粗野民族驯化,用温和的方法 征服他们,使他们成为良民百姓。他专心于公众事务,无可指责,我离开以后,他会尽心尽职地 处理好那些需要谨慎应付的事务,也会对祖宗表示恰如其分的敬奉,他从事他的事业,我走我的道路。
海港就在前方;船帆正在飘扬; 大海沉沉,朦胧一片。我的水手们,曾经和我同劳、同作、同思想,—— 他们总是高高兴兴去迎接雷霆和阳光,用自由的心、自由的头脑去与之抗争—— 你们和我现在都年老了;但是老年人 也还有他的荣誉感,还有他的用场。死亡将终止一切;但是,在结束之前,还可以有所作为,可以做点高尚事情,我辈与神抗争也并非是不适宜。那礁石上的灯光已经开始闪亮; 长昼快要结束,月亮爬上了天边; 海洋的呻吟和各种声音在四周回荡。来吧,朋友们,去发现新世界为时不晚。
开船出发吧,大家坐好坐稳当,让我们破浪前进;我们要驶向 落日的彼岸,驶向群星沐浴的 西方世界,直到我死后方休。也许,大海会把我们吞没,也许,我们会抵达“幸福岛”,会见伟大的阿喀琉斯,熟悉的朋友。
生命虽被夺走了很多,剩下也不少; 虽然我们已经没有从前那样的精力
去战天斗地,但我们还和以前一样—— 还有同样的勇气,还有同样的雄心,虽被时光和命运摧弱,仍有坚强意志 去斗争,去求索,去发现,不屈服。
3.Appreciation of Poems_“ Break, Break, Break 哗啦,哗啦,哗啦,冲上阴冷的礁石,啊海浪!
愿我的语言能够表达
埋藏心底的惆怅。
啊,那渔夫的男孩多么愉快,与姊妹一起游戏呼喊;
啊,那年轻的水手多么愉快,且引吭高歌且荡舟海湾。庄严的船队在进发
驶向山下的海港;
可那消失了的柔荑的轻抚
与那静默了的声音竟在何方!
哗啦,哗啦,哗啦,冲着巉岩的跟脚,啊海浪!
可那逝去的温柔美好时光
再也不回我的身旁。
Analysis of “Break, Break, Break”
1.Why does the poet describe the stones as “cold” and “gray”?
2.What effect do the joyful scenes in the second stanza bring to the whole poem?
3.Whose is the “voice that is still”?
rich and simple images cold, gray stones„ More?
great sound effects * What is the sound effect of the first line “break, break, break”? A sense of heavine, gloom, depreion
* Would you please identify the vowels in the first two lines? Can you find any regularity?
Number of diphthongs and long vowels : 27 Number of short vowels: 29
Onomatopoeic effects of the vowels: * Density of diphthongs and long vowels--slow, prolonged, remote, nostalgic * /ei/, //,/u/,/i:/--as if sighing, groaning, lamenting, crying
Theme: sadne, grief over the lo of a great friend
Why is Tennyson a great artist?
Melodious language Visual pictures His inner feelings
3.Appreciation of Poems_“ Croing the Bar 日暮黄昏星转,一声清晰将我召唤!但愿启航时,沙洲不要为我悲叹,起伏波澜却似寝息,涛声浪沫满溢,它来自万丈的海底,如今归故里。
暮色朦胧晚钟鸣,黑夜接踵行!登船起锚时,但愿诀别无伤情;
虽自时空小溪之源,洪流载我万里远,待到过沙洲,只盼与领航面对面。
3.Appreciatio of Poems_“The Miller’s Daughter”
那是磨坊主的女儿,她长得那么那么的美,以至于我愿是那珠宝 摇曳在她的耳旁
日日夜夜地藏在她的发间
缠绵于她那如此温暖白皙的香颈 我愿是那裙带 缠绕在她那纤腰上
我可以让她的心跳离我如此之近 无论在悲伤还是平静的时候
当我想要迫切地知道她的心跳如何 我就可以与她紧紧相拥。我愿是那项链 整日上下跳跃 在她芳香的胸前
伴随着她的笑容和叹息 就让我如此轻地躺下
冀求她在夜里也别把我摘下
3.Appreciation of Poems_“The Miller’s Daughter”
闲情赋
(陶渊明)
愿在衣而为领,承华首之余芳;悲罗襟之宵离,怨秋夜之未央!愿在裳而为带,束窈窕之纤身;嗟温凉之异气,或脱故而服新!愿在发而为泽,刷玄鬓于颓肩;悲佳人之屡沐,从白水而枯煎!愿在眉而为黛,随瞻视以闲扬;悲脂粉之尚鲜,或取毁于华妆!愿在莞而为席,安弱体于三秋;悲文茵之代御,方经年而见求!愿在丝而为履,附素足以周旋;悲行止之有节,空委弃于床前!愿在昼而为影,常依形而西东;悲高树之多荫,慨有时而不同!愿在夜而为烛,照玉容于两楹;悲扶桑之舒光,奄灭景而藏明!愿在竹而为扇,含凄飙于柔握;悲白露之晨零,顾襟袖以缅邈!愿在木而为桐,作膝上之鸣琴;悲乐极而哀来,终推我而辍音!
3.Appreciation of Poems_“The Miller’s Daughter”
模范情书
(高晓松)我是你闲坐窗前的那棵橡树 我是你初次流泪时手边的书 我是你春夜注视的那段蜡烛 我是你秋天穿上的楚楚衣服 我要你打开你挂在夏日的窗 我要你牵我的手在午后徜徉 我要你注视我注视你的目光 然后默默告诉我初恋多忧伤 这城市已摊开他孤独的地图 我怎么能找到你等我的地方 我像每个恋爱的孩子一样 在大街上琴弦上寂寞成长 幻灯片20 “Browning is strong where Tennyson is
weak, weak where Tennyson is strong”(P.242)In which sense ?
Robert Browning
(1812-1889)2.Major Works(P242-244)1833, Pauline 1835, Paracelsus 1840, Sordello 1841, Pippa Paes 1868&1869, The Ring and the Book 《指环与书》
1883, Jocoseria 《半开玩笑半认真》
“Wanting I– What’
“Never the Time and Place” 《时与地永难再相逢》 1889, Asolando: Fancies and Facts
“Summum Bonum” 《至善》
Robert Browning
My Last Duche
墙上的这幅面是我的前公爵夫人,看起来就像她活着一样。如今,我称它为奇迹:潘道夫师的手笔
经一日忙碌,从此她就在此站立。你愿坐下看看她吗?我有意提起 潘道夫,因为外来的生客(例如你)凡是见了画中描绘的面容、那真挚的眼神的深邃和热情,没有一个不转向我(因为除我外 再没有别人把画上的帘幕拉开),似乎想问我可是又不大敢问; 是从哪儿来的——这样的眼神? 你并非第一个人回头这样问我。
先生,不仅仅是她丈夫的在座
使公爵夫人面带欢容,可能 潘道夫偶然说过:“夫人的披风 盖住她的手腕太多,”或者说: “隐约的红晕向颈部渐渐隐没,这绝非任何颜料所能复制。”
这种无聊话,却被她当成好意,也足以唤起她的欢心。她那颗心—— 怎么说好呢?——要取悦容易得很,也太易感动。她看到什么都喜欢,而她的目光又偏爱到处观看。
先生,她对什么都一样!她胸口上 佩戴的我的赠品,或落日的余光; 过分殷勤的傻子在园中攀折 给她的一枝樱桃,或她骑着 绕行花圃的白骡——
或她骑着绕行花圃的白骡—— 所有这一切
都会使她同样地赞羡不绝,或至少泛起红晕。她感激人.好的!但她的感激(我说不上怎么搞的)仿佛把我赐她的九百年的门第 与任何人的赠品并列。谁愿意 屈尊去谴责这种轻浮举止?即使 你有口才(我却没有)能把你的意志 给这样的人儿充分说明:“你这点 或那点令我讨厌。这儿你差得远,而那儿你超越了界限。”即使她肯听 你这样训诫她而毫不争论,毫不为自己辩解,——我也觉得 这会有失身份,所以我选择。
绝不屈尊。哦,先生,她总是在微笑,每逢我走过;但是谁人走过得不到 同样慷慨的微笑?发展至此,我下了令:于是一切微笑都从此制止 她站在那儿,像活着一样。请你起身 客人们在楼下等。我再重复一声: 你的主人——伯爵先生闻名的大方 足以充分保证:我对嫁妆
提出任何合理要求都不会遭拒绝;
当然.如我开头声明的,他美貌的小姐 才是我追求的目标。别客气,让咱们 一同下楼吧。但请看这海神尼普顿 在驯服海马,这是件珍贵的收藏,是克劳斯为我特制的青铜铸像。
Dramatic monologue:
“Dramatic monologue…does not designate a component in a play, but a type of lyric poem that was perfected by Robert Browning.In its fullest form, the dramatic monologue has the following features:
(1)a single person, who is patently not the poet, utters the speech that makes the whole poem, in a specific situation at a critical moment…(2)This person addrees and interacts with one or more other people;but we know of the auditors’ presence, and what they say or do, only from clues in the discourse of the single speaker.(3)The main principle controlling the poet’s formulation of what the lyric speaker says is to reveal to the reader… the speaker’s temperament and character”.
e.g., “My Last Duche”,“The Bishop Orders His Tomb”,etc.by Robert Browning
Dramatic dialogue VS.soliloquy in a play
Home-Thoughts, from Abroad
异乡情思
呵,但愿此刻置身于英格兰
正当这阳春四月。
不论谁在那里,一觉醒来
无意间总会看到,清晨,那低矮的枝丫和茂密的灌木丛
在榆树周围已是一片郁郁葱葱,燕雀在果园的枝头啁啾,在英格兰哟—就在这个时候。
四月逝去,五月循踪而至,灰雀筑巢,还有普天下的燕子!
围篱旁我那一树梨花
伸向田野,一地三叶草
撒满花瓣和露珠—听,在虬枝末梢—
那机灵的画眉,每支歌都高唱两道,生怕你以为他永远不会重现
初唱时那份无忧无虑的惊喜。
尽管白露使田野显得凄怆,正午的太阳将使一切重现光芒。
那金凤花,孩子们的嫁妆,——比这俗丽的甜瓜更为灿烂明亮!
四月逝去,五月循踪而至,灰雀筑巢,还有普天下的燕子!
围篱旁我那一树梨花
伸向田野,一地三叶草
撒满花瓣和露珠—听,在虬枝末梢—
那机灵的画眉,每支歌都高唱两道,生怕你以为他永远不会重现
初唱时那份无忧无虑的惊喜。
尽管白露使田野显得凄怆,正午的太阳将使一切重现光芒。
那金凤花,孩子们的嫁妆,——比这俗丽的甜瓜更为灿烂明亮!
From Asolando
One who never turned his back but marched breast forward, Never doubted clouds would break, Never dreamed, though right were worsted, wrong would triumph, Held we fall to rise, are baffled to fight better, Sleep to wake.他从不后退转永远挺胸前进,从不怀疑阴云会散,从不胡思乱想,纵然对的挫败,错的胜利,认为我们跌倒以便再起,挫败以便再战,睡以便醒。
Wanting Is — What?
Wanting is – what? Summer redundant, Bluene abundant,--Where is the blot? Beamy the world, yet a blank all the same,--Framework which waits for a picture to frame: What of the leafage, what of the flower? Roses embowering with nought they embower!Come, then, complete incompletion, O comer, Pant through the bluene, perfect the summer!Breathe but one breath
Rose-beauty above,And all that was death Grows life, grows love, Grows love!
缺些–––什么? 夏季一切丰盛,满腔抑郁心情,–––可有什么差错? 世界灿烂,但仍然是空,–––相框尚待画像来补充: 叶子有何用处,花有何用处? 蔷薇环绕而中心无主!
来吧,把这未完成的完成起来,你来呀,冲过抑郁,使夏季十分可爱!天上的美丽的鲜花 只要吹一口气下来,一切死的东西
就有了生命,有了爱,有了爱!
Summon Bonum
All the breath and the bloom of the year in the bag of one bee: All the wonder and wealth of the mine in the heart of one gem: In the core of one pearl all the shade and the shine of the sea: Breath and bloom, shade and shine,---wonder , wealth, and---
how far above them---
Truth, that’s brighter than gem,Trust, that’s purer than peal,---Brightest truth, purest trust in the universe---all were to me
In the ki of one girl.一年的花色花香尽在一只蜂的蜜囊:
矿里的珍奇财宝尽在一块宝石里:
一棵珠里有整个大海的阴影与光芒:
色与香,阴与光,珍与财,还有在这一切之上---
真理,比宝石更亮,信仰,比珍珠更纯,最光亮的真理,宇宙间最纯洁的信仰,对我来讲
乃是一个女人的一吻
Elizabeth Barrett Browning
(1806-1861)
Sonnets from the Portuguese Why “Portuguese”? “My little Portuguese”
An admirer of a Portuguese poet Luiz de Camoens in 16th century. got a suntan in Italy
brown skin, hair and eyes to hide her personal emotions
Major Works
“The Cry of the Children” 儿童的呼号(1843) A Curse for a nation 对一个国家的咒骂(1960) Sonnets from the Portuguese(1850)
葡萄牙人的十四行诗
4.Aurora Leigh 奥柔拉 ·李(1857)Elizabeth Barrett Browning The Cry of the Children „
“ For, oh.” say the children, “we are weary,”
And we cannot run or leap;
If we cared fur any meadows, it were merely
To drop down in them and sleep.Our knees tremble sorely in the stooping,We fall upon our faces, trying to go;And, under our heavy eyelids drooping,The reddest flower would look as pale as snow, For all day, we drag our burden tiring,Through the coal-dark ,underground Or, all day, we drive the wheel of iron
in the factories, round and round.„
啊,孩子们说,我们疲累,我们不能跑或跳;
如果还爱草地,只是因为-
可以倒下去睡大觉。
我们的膝盖蹲下来就会酸痛,要走就会扑面倒下来; 我们的眼帘沉重,顶红的花像雪似的白
因为,整天的,我们疲于拖重担,穿行黑漆漆的地下道路; 或是,整天的,我们在厂房间
转动铁轮,转呀转的每个住
Sonnets from the Portugue
If Thou Must Love Me If thou must love me, let it be for nought Except for love's sake only.Do not say ”I love her for her smile—her look—her way Of speaking gently, —for a trick of thought That falls in well with mine, and certes brought A sense of pleasant ease on such a day" —
For these things in themselves, Beloved, may Be changed, or change for thee, — and love, wrought, May be unwrought so.Neither love me for Thine own dear pity's wipping my cheeks dry, — A Creature might forget to weep, who bore thy comfort long, and lose thy love thereby!But love me for love's sake, that evermore Thou may'st love one, thtough love's eternity.你若一定要我我,不要为了别的,只要为了爱而爱。不要说
“我爱她为了她的微笑-她的容颜-或者 她的委婉的言谈,-- 或是她所想的 与我如同一辙,她确是可以 在这一天使我觉得快乐” -- 因为这些东西本身,你听我说,会变的,会对你变,-- 爱情燃起 也可以熄灭。也不要为了怜惜 而爱我,替我揩脸上的泪,一个人可以忘记哭,若是被你慰藉 太久,从而失去了你的爱!
请为了爱而爱我,你便可以永久的 爱我下去,永无止境的爱
How Do I Love Thee? How do I love thee? Let me count the ways.I love thee to the depth, breadth and height My soul can reach, when feeling out of sight For the ends of Being and ideal Grace.I love thee to the level of every day's Most quiet need, by sun and candlelight.I love thee freely, as men strive for Right;I love thee purely, as they turn from Praise.I love thee with the paion put to use In my old griefs, and with my childhood's faith.I love thee with a love I seemed to lose With my lost saints, I love thee with the breath, Smiles, tears, of all my life!and, if God choose, I shall but love thee better after death.我是怎样的爱汝?诉不尽万语千言: 我爱汝的程度是那样地高深和广远,恰似我的灵魂曾飞到了九天与黄泉,去探索人生的奥妙,和神灵的恩典。无论是白昼还是夜晚,我爱汝不息,像我每日必需的摄生食物不能间断。我纯洁地爱汝,不为奉承吹捧迷惑,我勇敢地爱汝,如同为正义而奋争!爱你,以昔日的剧痛和童年的忠诚,爱你,以眼泪、笑声及全部的生命。要是没有汝,我的心就失去了圣贤,要是没有汝,我的心就失去了激情。假如上帝愿意,请为我作主和见证: 在我死后,我必将爱汝更深,更深!