1984年版高中英语课本第一二三册_苏教版高中英语课本

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1984年版高中英语课本第一册

LESSON 1 HOW MARX LEARNED FOREIGN LANGUAGES 马克思怎样学习外语

Karl Marx was born in Germany, and German was his native language.When he was still a young man, he was forced to leave his homeland for political reasons.He stayed in Belgium for a few years;then he went to France.Before long he had to move on again.In 1849, he went to England and made London the base for his revolutionary work.Marx had learned some French and English at school.When he got to England, he found that his English was too limited.He started working hard to improve it.He made such rapid progre that before long he began to write articles in English for an American newspaper.In fact, his English in one of these articles was so good that Engels wrote him a letter and praised him for it.Marx wrote back to say that Engels' praise had greatly encouraged him.However, he went on to explain that he was not too sure about two things--the grammar and some of the idioms.These letters were written in 1853.In the years that followed, Marx kept on studying English and using it.When he wrote one of his great works, The Civil War in France, he had mastered the language so well that he was able to write the book in English.In the 1870s, when Marx was already in his fifties, he found it important to study the situation in Ruia, so he began to learn Ruian.At the end of six months he had learned enough to read articles and reports in Ruian.In one of his books, Marx gave some advice on how to learn a foreign language.He said when people are learning a foreign language, they should not translate everything into their own language.If they do this, it shows they have not mastered it.When they used the foreign language, they should try to forget all about their own.If they cannot do this, they have not really learned the spirit of the foreign language and cannot use it freely.LESSON 2 AT HOME IN THE FUTURE 未来的家

A medical examination without a doctor or nurse in the room? Doing shopping at home? Borrowing books from the library without leaving your home? These ideas may seem strange to you.But scientists are working hard to turn them into realities.Let us suppose we can visit a home at the end of this century.We will visit a boy named Charlie Green.He is not feeling well this morning.His mother, Mrs Green, wants the doctor to see him.That is, she wants the doctor to listen to him.She brings a set of wires to Charlie's room.These wires are called sensors.She places one sensor in his mouth and one on his chest.She puts another one around his wrist and one on his forehead.Then she plugs the sensors into a wall outlet.She says the code “TCP”.This means “telephone call placed.” A little light flashes on the wall.The Green's wirele telephone is ready for a call.Mrs Green says “2478”, the doctor's telephone number.From a speaker on the wall comes the doctor's voice: “Good morning.” “Good morning, Dr Scott,” answers Mrs Green.“Charlie isn't feeling too well this morning.I've put the sensors on him.I wonder if you can examine him now.” “Sure,” the doctor's voice says.“Well, he doesn't have a fever.And his pulse is fine.Now, breathe deeply, Charlie.” Charlie does so.“Just a little cold,” says the doctor.“Better stay inside today, Charlie.And take it easy.” “Thank you, Doctor,” says Mrs Green.“TCC(telephone call completed).” The light on the wall turns off.The phone call and the examination are finished.“Charlie,” says Mrs Green,“ since you have to stay at home, why don't you do some shopping? You can pick out your new bicycle.After all, your birthday is only two weeks away.” “Great,” Charlie answers.Charlie and his mother sit in front of one of the visionphones.There are several in their house.“TCP,” says Charlie.The word ready appears on the screen of the visionphone.“New Forest Bicycle Shop,” a voice says.“May I help you?” Charlie answers, “I'd like to see your ten-speed bicycles.” In the next few minutes, pictures of many models of the bicycles are flashed on the creen.The price of each model is also shown.Then the voice asks, “Are you interested in any of these models?” “Yes, I'm interested in model 6.” “Do you wish to place an order at this time?” “Not just yet,” answers Mrs Green.“My son's birthday is in two weeks' time.Thank you.TCC.” The visionphone shuts off.Such would be our home in the future.LESSON 3 THE BLIND MEN AND THE ELEPHANT 盲人和象

Once upon a time there were six blind men who lived in a village in India.Every day they went to the road nearby and stood there begging.They had often heard of elephants, but they had never seen one, for , being blind, how could they? One morning an elephant was led down the road where they stood.When they heard that an elephant was paing by, they asked the driver to stop the beast so that they could have a “look”.Of course they could not look at him with their eyes, but they thought they might learn what kind of animal he was by touching and feeling him.For, you see, they trust their own sense of touch very much.The first blind man happened to place his hand on the elephant's side.“Well, well, ” he said.“This beast is exactly like a wall.” The second grasped one of the elephant's tusks and felt it.“You're quite mistaken,” he said.“He's round and smooth and sharp.He's more like a spear than anything else.” The third happened to take hold of the elephant's trunk.“You're both completely wrong,” he said.“This elephant is like a snake, as anybody can see.” The fourth opened both his arms the closed them around one of the elephant's legs.“Oh, how blind you are!” he cried.“It's very clear that he's round and tall like a tree.” The fifth was a very tall man, and he caught one of the elephant's ears.“Even the blindest person must see that this elephant isn't like any of the things you name.” he siad.“He's exactly like a huge fan.” The sixth man went forward to feel the elephant.He was old and slow and it took him quite some time to find the elephant at all.At last he got hold of the beast's tail.“Oh, how silly you all are!” cried he.“The elephant isn't like a wall, or a spear, or a snake, or a tree;neither is he like a fan.Any man with eyes in his head can see that he's exactly like a rope.” Then the driver and the elephant moved on, and the six men sat by the roadside all day, quarrelling about the elephant.They could not agree with one another, because each believed that he knew just what the beast looked like.It is not only blind men who make such stupid mistakes.People who can see sometimes act just as foolishly.LESSON 4 GALILEO AND ARISTOTLE 伽利略和亚里斯多德

About 2300 years ago, there lived in Greece a great thinker named Aristotle.He observed that feathers fell to the ground slowly, while stones fell much faster.He thought it over carefully and concluded that heavy objects always fell faster than light ones.His conclusion certainly sounded reasonale.But we now know that it is not true.In those days people seldom did experiments to test their ideas.When they observed anything that happened, they thought about it and then drew a conclusion.Once Aristotle made up his mind that heavy objects always fell faster than light objects, he taught it as a truth to his students.And because he was Aristotle, the great thinker, no one questioned his idea for almost 2000 years.Then, almost 400 years ago, an Italian scientist named Galileo began to question Aristotle's theory of falling objects.He was not ready to believe something just because Aristotle said so.He decided to do some experiments to test Aristotle's theory.Galileo lived in the city of Pisa, where there is a leaning tower about 180 feet high.From the top of the tower Galileo dropped a light ball and a heavy ball at exactly the same time.They both fell at about the same speed and hit the ground together.He tried the experiments again and again.Every time he got the same result.At last, he decided that he had found the truth about falling objects.As we know now, heavy objects and light objects fall at the same speed unle air holds them back.A feather falls slower than a stone only because the air holds the feather back more than it does the stone.When Galileo told people of his discovery, no one would belive him.But Galileo was not discouraged.He went on doing experiments to test the truth of other old ideas.He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.He collected facts that proved the earth and all the other planets move around the sun.Today we praise Galileo and call him one of the founders of modern science.He observed things carefully and never took anything for granted.Instead, he did experiments to test and prove an idea before he was ready to accept it.An experiment was done on the moon in July, 1971.One of the US astronauts who made the first deep space walk on the moon dropped a hammer and a feather together.They both landed on the surface of the moon at the same time.This experiment proved that Galileo's theory of falling objects is true.LESSON 5 THE LOST NECKLACE 丢失的项链

Place: a park in Paris Time: a summer afternoon in 1870 People: Mathilde Loisel, wife Pierre Loisel, husband Jeanne Forrestier, their friend(Jeanne is sitting in the park.Mathilde walks towards her, she stops and speaks to Jeanne.)Mathilde: Good afternoon, Jeanne.Jeanne:(Looking at the other woman)I'm sorry, but I don't think I know you.Mathilde: No, you wouldn't, but many years ago you knew me well.I'm Mathilde Loisel.Jeanne: Mathilde!My old school friend.Is it poible? But yes, of course it is.Now I remember.Where have you been all these years, Mathilde? I hope you weren't ill.Mathilde: No, Jeanne, I wasn't ill.You see here an old woman.But it's because of hard work221 B.C.), more walls were put up to defend the borders of the different kingdoms.In 221 B.C., the kingdom of Qin united the different parts of China into one empire.To keep the enemy out of his empire, Emperor Qin Shi Huang had all the walls joined up.Thus the Great Wall came into being.Since then, it has often been added to, rebuilt and repaired, especially during the Ming Dynasty(1368-1644).The Great Wall, which is called in Chinese “The Ten-thousand-li Great Wall”, is actually more than 6,000 kilometres long, 6-7 metres high and 4-5 metres wide.In most places it is wide enough for five horses or ten men to walk side by side along the top.It has great gateways which connect the main roads of north China.Every few hundred meters along the Wall there are watchtowers, where soldiers used to keep watch.When the enemy came, fires were lit and at the same time guns were fired to warn soldiers at other towers.One column of smoke with one gunshot meant an enemy troop of about 100, two columns with two shots meant 500.In this way, a warning meage could be sent 500 kilometres within a few houra.It was very difficult to build and rebuild such a great wall over wild and distant country without any modern machines.All the work had to be done by hand.Many people were forced to work on the wall far away from their homes.They lifted earth in baskets, aed bricks from hand to hand and dragged heavy stones with ropes over their shoulders.Their living conditions were terrible.Thousands of men died and were buried under the wall they built.The Great Wall was made not only of stone and earth, but of the flesh and blood of millions of men.After the Great Wall were rebuilt hundreds of years ago, no more work was done on it until the People's Republic of China was founded.After that, parts of the Wall were repaired.On both sides of it new cities appeared, trees were planted, and desrets became gralands.The old Great Wall took on a new look.Today the Great Wall has become a place of interest not only to the Chinese people, but also to people from all over the world.Many of them have come to know the famous Chinese saying:“ He who does not reach the Great Wall is not a true man.” LESSON 11 AT A TAILOR'S SHOP 在服装店（选自《百万英镑》）

I was wandering through the streets when I caught sight of a tailor's shop.I wanted very much to get a new suit and throw off my old clothes.But...I had nothing in the world but a million-pound note.However, I could not resist the temptation.I went in and asked if they had a cheap suit.The fellow I spoke to made no answer at first, looked me up and down, noticed that I was almost in rags, then said, “Just a minute.” I waited till he had finished his work.Then he took me into a back room, where the rejected suits were kept.He looked through the suits and selected the cheapest one for me.I put it on.It didn't fit, but it was new and I was anxious to have it, so I said shyly: “Could you wait a few days for the money? I haven't any small change on me.” The fellow looked at me coldly and said, “Oh, you haven't? Well, of course, I know that gentlemen like you carry only large notes.” I was hurt and said, “My friend, you shouldn't judge a stranger always by the clothes he wears.I'm quite able to pay for this suit.I simply didn't wish to put you to the trouble of changing a large note.” “Why do you think we can't change your note? On the contrary, we can.” I handed the note to him and said: “Oh, very well, I apologize.” He received it with a smile, and then as he looked at the note, his smile froze.Holding the note in his hand, he stood there dumbfounded.The owner of the shop came up to see what was the matter.I said, “There isn't any trouble.I'm just waiting for my change.” “Come, come;get him his change, Tod;get him his change.” Tod answered, “Get him his change!It's easy to say, sir;but look at the bill yourself.” The owner took a look, gave a low whistle, then made a dive for the rejected clothing and began to snatch it this way and that, talking all the while excitedly, as if to himself.“To sell such a suit as that to a millionaire!Tod's a fool.Ah, here's the thing I'm after.Please get those things off, sir, and throw them into the fire.Do me the favor to put on this shirt, and this suit.Ah, it's just the thing, the very thing!The trousers are all right;now the waistcoat;aha, right again!Now the coatthe whole thing!” I expreed my satisfaction.“Quite right, sir, quite right.But wait till you see what we'll make for you to your own measure.” Before I could get in a word he had measured me, and was giving orders for evening suits, morning suits, shirts and all sorts of things.“They will be ready the day after tomorrow,” he said.“But I can't give these orders, unle you can wait some time, or change the note.” “I can wait all my life, sir.Tod, you will send these things to the gentleman's addre.Put down the gentleman's addre and...” “I'm changing my hotel.I'll drop in and leave the new addre,” I said.“Quite right, sir, quite right.One momentnothing else.” “How far away?” “About a mile and a half.They're standing still.” “What else do you see?” asked the captain after a moment of silence.The boy looked to the right.after a while he said: “Near the cemetery, between the trees, there's something shining, perhaps bayonets.” “Do you see any soldiers?” “No, if there are any,they must be hidden among the trees.” Just then there was the sharp whistle of a bullet which paed near the boy.“Get down!” said the captain.Another bullet whistled by.“They're shooting at me,” said the boy.“but don't worry.Let me tell you what's to the left.Well, there's a church and I think I see...” A third bullet paed, and at almost the same moment the boy was seen to fall suddenly fom the tree.He struck the gound heavily.Blood was trickling from his mouth.The captain ran to him and tore open the boy's shirt.A bullet had paed through his chest on the left.The boy opened his eyes for a moment, looked at the captain, and then died.“Poor boy!” said the captain over and over.He looked at the boy for a minute.He ordered a soldier to bring a national flag and covered the bot's body with it, leaving only his face exposed.The captain collected the boy's cap,shoes, knife, and the branch he had been cutting, and placed them near the boy's body.“We'll send somone to pick him up,” said the capyain.“He died like a soldier and we must bery him like a soldier.” The captain and his group moved on, but the story of the little boy spread quickly.Later that afternoon other groups of soldiers movrd up to the front.When they paed the place where the dead boy lay, each soldier saluted.Some of them placed flowers on the boy's body.Soon it was covered with flowers.On the boy's pale face there was a half-smile that seemed to suggest that he was happy to have given his life to his country.English--Book Two--1984年版高中英语课本

LESSON 2-01

PORTRAIT OF A TEACHER 一位教师的写照

The night before last, just before dinner, while my father was looking through the evening paper, he suddenly let out a cry of surprise.Later he explained:“ I had thought that he had died at least twenty years ago.But can you believe that my first teacher, Mr.Croett, is still living? He is eight-four years old and yesterday the Department of Education gave him a medal for having completed sixty years of teaching.Sixty years!Can you imagine it? He gave up teaching only two years ago.He lives in Deleville, which is only about an hour's ride from here.Henry, tomorrow is Saturday.Let's drive over there and say hello to him.”

The next afternoon my father and I drove over to Deleville to see Mr.Croett.Everyone in the town knew him so we had no trouble in finding his house.When he came to the door, my father recognized him at once though, of course, he was now a very old man.“Mr.Croett,” said my father, “will you permit an old pupil to shake hands with you?”

Mr.Croett looked at us curiously.“An old pupil? I'm sorry but...your name?”

My father told him his namea tall tree? Bamboo is this kind of gra.It grows up straight and thin with branches at the top.Although bamboo is really a kind of gra, it looks more like a treebamboo? LESSON 2-03

ALL THESE THINGS ARE TO BE

ANSWERED FOR(Ⅰ)所有这一切都是要偿还的（选自《双城记》）

The following account was written by Alexandre Manette, a French doctor, in 1767 when he was a prisoner in the Bastille in France.In his account Dr.Manette told the story of the great wrong done to him.When he was walking by the river Seine one night in December 1757, two noblemen forced him into their carriage and took him to a lonely house.There, in a room upstairs, he found a young and beautiful girl, who kept shouting and crying, obviously mad.He did what he could to calm her, and then he was taken down to another room, where he found a wounded peasant boy, who was dying.The boy told him his story and also that of the girl upstairs, who was his sister, and of the terrible wrongs that had been done them by the two noblemen.The boy died, and a week later, so did his sister.The doctor wrote a letter to the Minister disclosing the whole affair.The next day he was kidnapped and thrown into the Bastille.The following is taken from Dr.Manette's account of his meeting with the boy and of what the boy told him.The older of the two noblemen took a light and led me into a back room.There on some hay on the ground lay a peasant boy of not more than seventeen.He lay on his back, his teeth set, his right hand clenched on his breast, and his glaring eyes looking straight upward.I could not see where his wound was as I knelt on one knee over him, but I could see that he was dying.“I am a doctor, my poor fellow,” said I.“Let me examine you.”

“I do not want to be examined,” he answered.“Let me be.”

The wound was under his hand, and I persuaded him to let me move his hand away.It was a sword-thrust, received from twenty to twenty-four hours before, but nothing could have saved him even if he had been tended without delay.He was then dying fast.“How did this happen, monsieur?”

“A serf, He forced my brother to draw upon him, and fell by my brother's sword,” said the nobleman.The boy's eyes had slowly moved to the nobleman as he spoke, and they now moved to me..Slowly, he spoke out:

'He is lying, Doctor.I have a sister.She was engaged to a young man, a tenant of his.We were all tenants of hisI say, we were so robbed, and were made so poor, that our father told us it was a dreadful thing to bring a child into the world.“

I had never before seen the feeling of being oppreed, bursting forth like a fire.I had supposed that it must be latest somewhere in the people, but I had never seen it break out until I saw it in the dying boy.”Doctor, my sister married the man she was engaged to.He was ill at the time, and she married him so that she might tend and comfort him in our cottage.She had not been married many weeks when that man's younger brother saw her and was struck by her beauty.Then with that man's permiion and even with his help, he seized her and took her away.I saw them pa me on the road.When I told our father about this, his heart burst.Then, last night I followed him here, and climbed in, sword in hand.“My sister heard me, and ran in.Then that man's brother came in.He first threw me some pieces of money, then struck me with a whip.As I fought back, he drew his sword and thrust it at me.”Now, lift me up, Doctor;lift me up, where is he?“

”He is not here,“ I said, supporting the boy.I thought he was referring to the younger of the two noblemen.”Ha!Proud as these nobles are, he is afraid to see me.Where is the man who was here? Turn my face to him.“

I did so, raising the boy's head against my knee.But, filled for the moment with extraordinary strength, he raised himself completely, obliging me to rise too, or I could not have supported him.”Marquis,“ said the boy, turning to the man, and his right hand raised, ”in the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon you and yours, to the last of your bad race, to answer for them.In the days when all these things are to be answered for, I summon your brother, the worst of your bad race, to answer for them separately.“

He stood there for an instant with his hand still raised.Then, as it dropped, he dropped with it, and I laid him down dead.LESSON 2-05

WINTER SLEEP 冬眠

Some birds will fly away to the south when the weather turns cold.Other birds and all animals stay with you but you, will not see all the animals all through the winter.In the cold weather some of them hibernate.They go to sleep in all kinds of places.Red squirrels disappear inside trees, bears use caves, frogs go deep under the mud, and many other animals dig tunnels in the earth.A good many animals sleep under the snow.There is a lot of air in loose snow, and this helps to keep the cold out.Some warm-blooded animals, like the cat, the dog or the wolf, do not need to hibernate;they lead an active life which keeps up their normal body temperature even in very cold winter weather.But for a cold-blooded animal such as a frog or a snake it is a different matter.When the air temperature is below freezing, the creature's body temperature drops too.It cannot move about in its usual way.Then it has no choice but to lie down and sleep.To do that, it must find a place where it can keep fairly warm;and it must be a place where its enemies cannot find it.Hibernation is more than sleep.It is a very deep sleep.The animal’s temperature drops to just over zero centigrade, and its heart beats very slowly.People who find hibernating animals asleep often think that they are dead: the body feels very cold, and the animal may breathe only once every five minutes.A hibernating animal cannot feel any pain.You can touch it, or even pull its tail, without causing it to move or wake up.In its hibernating state it can even live in a poisonous atmosphere for a long time without any ill effect.Hibernating in that way, the animal can sleep all through the winter.You might wonder how it manages to live without eating for so many months.The answer lies in two facts.The first is that it has stored supplies of fat in its body during the summer and autumn.The second is connected with the main use the body makes of foodas if it had been electrified.He was short.His clothes seemed to be just pulled on to keep him covered, like a blanket to keep one warm.He had a big nose, a short, thick moustache, and deep-set eyes.He was staring, thinking.He almost knocked me down before he saw me.He gave me a friendly smile, then he walked on and went on thinking.I noticed he had on bedroom slippers.He had forgotten to put on his shoes.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairy tales and had paed me like a spirit.That night at dinner when I told my family about the strange, funny man I had seen, my father put down his knife and fork, looked at me and said, 'My child, remember this.Today you saw the greatest man in the world!'”

That man was Elbert Einstein.How and why he had come to Princeton, New Jersey is a story of struggle, succe, and sadne.Einstein was born in Ulm, Germany in 1879.When he was a boy, he liked to ask questions.By the time he was fourteen years old, he had learned advanced mathematics all by himself.By then he knew what he wanted to be when he grew up.He wanted to be physicist and devoted himself to abstract research.The Einsteins, however, could not pay for the advanced education that young Albert needed.But the family did manage to send him to a technical school and later to the Federal Institute of Technology in Switzerland.After graduation, he went to work, first as a teacher, then in a government office.With the pay that he received and saved, he was later able to go on with his education at the University of Zurich, where he received a doctor's degree in 1905.This was the period when he first began the research and studies which led to his famous Theory of Relativity.His theory was so advanced that few people could understand it at that time and even fewer would accept it.Many scientist laughed at it.But Einstein stuck to his theory and went on with his research.LESSON 2-07

ALBERT EINSTEIN(Ⅱ)阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦（续）

As time went on, Einstein's theory proved to be correct and by 1914 he had become famous all over the world.His work was stopped, however, by the First World War.The war and the suffering that it caused affected him greatly.He lost interest in much of his research.Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get happily back to work.During the postwar years in Germany, many honors were given to Einstein.He won the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921.In 1929 a great celebration was held on his fiftieth birthday in Berlin.Being a shy man, Einstein did not attend, but he received several baskets full of cards, flowers and telegrams of congratulation.The gifts to him would have filled a railway car.When Hitler came into power in Germany, Einstein, who was a Jew, found the doors of study closed to him.Not only was everything that he had taken away from him, but also his German citizenship.He became a man without a country.Fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium, and then to Britain.There he received a letter inviting him to go to the United States to teach at a well-known research institute in Princeton.He accepted, but asked for a very small salary.Einstein cared little for money, though he could have been very rich.He once refused to speak on the radio for $1000 a minute.Another time he was seen using a check for $1500 as a bookmark.Then he lost the book!

Like many scientists, Einstein loved music;he played the violin fairly well.In Princeton, he lived quietly, working at the institute and enjoying himself by playing his violin in his simple home.Often there were visitors like the twelve-year-old girl who, for a time, formed the habit of visiting him on her way home from school.After some time, the puzzled mother met Dr.Einstein and asked him what he and her daughter talked about.The doctor smelled and explained:“ Oh, she brings me cookies and I do her arithmetic homework for her.”

Such was Albert Einstein, a simple man of great achievements.LESSON 2-08

THE PROFESSOR AND HIS

INVENTION 教授和他的发明 Characters PMary Hunter, his daughter GMr Rose, men from London ISergeant Bull

Scene 1

(Mary Hunter and Mi Green are in the profeor's roomwhich was the total of their incomesomething worthy of the honor of being owned by Jim.There was a mirror between the windows of the room.Suddenly she whirled from the window and stood before the gla.Her eyes were shining brilliantly, but soon her face lost its color.Rapidly she pulled down her hair and let it fall to its full length.Now, Della and Jim had two poeions in which they both took very great pride.One was Jim's gold watch, which had been his father's and his grandfather's.The other was Della's hair.It fell about her, rippling and shining like a brown waterfall.It reached below her knees and almost made a garment for her.She did her hair up again nervously and quickly.She hesitated for a minute and stood still while a tear or two splashed on the worn red carpet.On went her old brown jacket.On went her old brown hat.With a whirl of skirts and with the brilliant sparkle still in her eyes, she ran out the door and down the stairs into the street.She stopped at a sign that read: “Madame Sofronie.We Buy Hair Goods of All Kinds.” One flight up Della ran, and paused for a moment, panting.She opened the door.“Will you buy my hair?” asked Della.“Take your hat off and let's have a look at it,” said Madame.Down came the long brown waves.“Twenty dollars,” said Madame, lifting the ma of hair with a practised hand.“Give it to me quickly,” said Della.The next two hours sped by in a whirl of happine.She searched shop after shop for Jim's present.She found it at last.It surely had been made for Jim and no one else.It was a gold watch chain.It was even worthy of The Watch.As soon as she saw it she knew that it must be Jim's.It was just right for him.Twenty-one dollars they took for it, and she hurried home with the remaining 87 cents.When Della reached home she looked at what was left for her poor hair and started to work on it.Within forty minutes her head was covered with tiny curls that made her look wonderfully like a naughty schoolboy.She looked at herself in the mirror long, carefully, and critically.At 7 o'clock the coffee was made and the frying-pan was on the back of the stove, hot and ready to cook the supper.LESSON 2-15

THE GIFTS（Ⅱ）

礼物（续）

Jim was never late.Della held the gold chain tightly in her hand and sat on the corner of the table near the door by which he always entered.Then she heard his step on the stairs, and she turned pale for just a moment.The door opened and Jim stepped in and closed it.He looked thin and very serious.Poor fellow, he was only twenty-twoyou won't mind, do you? I just had to do it.My hair grows very fast, you know.Say `Merry Christmas!' Jim, and let's be happy.You don't know what a nicesold and gone.It's Christmas Eve, Jim.Be good to me, for it went for you.“

Jim seemed quickly to wake out of his trance.He drew a package from his overcoat pocket and threw it upon the table.”Don't make any mistake about me, Della,“ he said, ”I don't think there's anything about a haircut that could make me love you any le.But if you unwrap that package you will see why I was upset at first.“

Della's fingers tore at the string and paper.Then an excited scream of joy, and then, alas!a quick change to tears.For there lay The Combsjust the colour to wear in her beautiful hair.They were expensive combs, she knew, and her heart had longed for them without the least hope of poeion.And now they were hers, but with her hair gone their could be no use for them.But she hugged them to her chest, and at last she was able to look up with tearful eyes and a smile and say: ”My hair grows so fast, Jim!“

Them Della remembered something else and cried, ”Oh, oh!“

Jim had not yet seen his beautiful gift.She held it out to him eagerly in her open hand.”Isn't it lovely, Jim? I hunted all over town to find it.You'll have to look at the time a hundred times a day now.Give me your watch.I want to see how it looks on it.“

Instead of obeying, Jim dropped onto the couch, put his hands under the back of his head and smiled.”Della,“ said he, ”let's put our Christmas gifts away and keep them a while.They're too nice to use just at present.I sold the watch to get the money to buy your combs...And now, let's have our supper.LESSON 2-16

ADVENTURE ON HIGHWAY 66 66号公路历险记

A snowstorm can be exciting.But too much snow can cause trouble.I learned this in a way I will never forget.My name is Tom Johnson.I'm a bus driver.At five o'clock one morning I turned my bus onto Highway 66.It was snowing.But I was used to driving in all kinds of weather.Maybe the storm wouldn't last long, I thought.As I drove, I counted my paengers.There were 14“Bus stuck on Highway 66.Road blocked.Paengers in danger.” When help did not come, I began to worry.Snow was still falling.It had grown colder, much colder.“We're in real trouble.” I said to myself.“There's still enough gas, and while it lasts the motor will keep the bus warm.When it's gone, everyone will be freezing cold.That poor little boy!” I told the paengers, “ I'm going up the road.I'll get gas and food.When it gets cold in here, let the motor run a while.You'll be warm enough.I'll get back as soon as I can.” Then I stepped out of the bus and into the snowstorm.Fighting the Storm

It was snowing much harder now.The whitene hurt my eyes.Snowdrifts gad covered the highway in many places and I kept falling down and bumping my knees.I stayed on the road by following the telephone poles.As it was growing dark, I came to a car stuck in a drift.There were people in itand shortened too, if neceary.My second answer to this question of diffcult vocabulary is, I think, a much better one.Don't stop every time you come to a word or phrase you don't know.Read the whole chapter quickly.Quite often you'll find the unknown word comes again, perhaps several times, and by the end of the chapter you've have gueed its meaning.That's how we learn the meaning of words in our own language, isn't it? When we're children, I mean.When I'm telling a story to children, they seldom stop to ask what a word means.Even when they read, they don't turn to the dictionary every time they see an unknown word.Read a chapter quickly, and then go back and read it more slowly.This time, use your reference books when neceary.But try to judge what is worth looking up and what is not.You'll tell me it's diffcult, very often, for oyu to judge whether an unknown word is important or not.I agree that this is often true.But it's not always difficult.You're going to be an architect, so words used in architecture are important to you.If they're new to you, you'll look them up.But the reader is not interested in architecture, he could pa them by.They're not always neceary for his enjoyment of the book.When I read my Times these days I often find articles about the uses of atomic energy.There are sometimes words Idon't knowsimply by meeting them so often.Well, that's my advice to you.I hope you'll find it helpful.It isn't perfect, I know.There will be times when, if you decide not to look up a reference, you'll mi something that may be important.But I feel I'm right in advising you not to be too thorough in your use of reference booksthe Olympic Games.The next race was the woemn's relay race, and it promised to be an exciting one.Teams from six countries were entered.The winning team would be champions of the world.The crowd became silent as the teams took their places.Many eyes turned to a tall, 20-year-old black girl on the U.S.team.She was Wilma Rudolph, the fourth and the last runner for the United States.At the sound of the gun, the first runners shot from their starting points.Relay sticks in their hands, they raced to the second runners.The second runners, already moving, grabbed the sticks and raced on.Now the third runners had the sticks.And the runners for the U.S.team was in the lead!She dashed toward Wilma.Already running, Wilma reached for the stick.But her teammate almost dropped it.Wilma had to stop to get a good hold on the stick.That moment's stop cost the U.S.its lead.A girl of the German team was flying two steps ahead of Wilma.Wilma urged herself “Faster!Faster!” Bit by bit she closed the gap.She caught up with the German girl.Then she pulled ahead.At the finishing line Wilma breasted the tape.She and her teammates had taken first place!

It was a wonderful victory, even more wonderful than you might think.For Wilma hadn't even been able to walk for one third pf her life!

Wilma Rudolph was the youngest child in a big family.Both parents worked in order to have enough money to raise the children.The older boys and girls were healthy, but Wilma was sick most of the time.She was barely walking at the age of four.Then she became seriously ill and for weeks was near death.She managed to pull through, but she couldn't move her left leg.It appeared that the little girl would probably never walk.But Wilma's mother was determined to give her a chance.She wrapped Wilma on a blanket and took her by bus to a hospital 45 miles away.The doctors give the little girl all kinds of tests.Finally they said that rubbing the little girl's leg might help.But she would have to be treated every day..And it might take years!

“I can't bring her here every day,” Wilma's mother said.“Can you teach me?”

The doctors showed Mrs Rudolph what to do.“But you'll still have to bring her here to the hospital once a week, ”they said.Wilma's mother followed the doctors' orders.Every day after supper she rubbed Wilma's leg.She rubbed and eubbed until long after Wilma had fallen asleep.And on her day off once a week, she and Wilma made the 90-mile round trip to the hospital.'After a year the doctors said, “We think the leg is better, but it's hard to tell.”

That night Mrs Rudolph taught her three older children how to rub Wilma's leg.From then on, Wilma's leg got treated four times a day.“She's going to walk,” Mrs Rudolph said.In another year, Wilma could manage a sort of hop.And at the age of eight she was walking a bit with the aid of a leg brace.That summer the doctors changed the brace for a special heavy shoe.In the fall, Wilma limped off to school.Wilma's brother Wesley liked to play basketball.He had put up a basket on a pole in the back yard.To the family's surprise, Wilma was soon out in the yardand rolling wildly.His face was as gray as ashes.I stopped.Al's eyws warned me.then his lips moved.I crawled close and heard his whisper.“Snake!”

My eyes followed Al's--down to the lump over his stomach.My blood froze.A snake was in Al'a sleeping bag.Another sound from me and the snake might strike.I inched backwaod.Then I turned and tiptoed toward the Indian and Vargas and in a whisper told them what I had seen.We stared at one another, not daring to speak out loud.“It's our own fault,” I thought bitterly.“We should have cut away the jungle brush.There's always a chance of a snake hiding there.” But we had talked it over and decided we should be safe on the top of the hill.How wrong we were!

The three of us tiptoed toward Al.We stared silently at the lump the snake made in the bag.From its shape, it could be a bushmastera deadly bushmaster!

The head turned this way and that.Then the ugly brown body poured itself through the neck of the sleeping bag.It slid past Al's face and moved toward a nearby bush.Vargas pulled out his gun.Crack!The snake was blown to pieces.LESSON 6 MY TEACHER 我的老师（选自海伦·凯勒《我的一生》）

Before Anne Sullivan came to our house, one or two people had told my mother that I was an idiot.I can understand why.Here was a seven-year-old girl who at the age of 19 months had become deaf and blind.And because I was deaf, I could not learn to speak.Struggling in a world of silence and darkne, I did seem like an idiot.But this was before Annie sullivan came to stay.She was a lively young woman with patience and imaginaion.A born teacher, she dreamed of turning a deaf-blind creature into a useful human being.What a challenge I must have been to this young teacher!I remember the many times she tried to spell words into my small hand.But neither words nor letters meant anything to me.I thought her finger movements were some kind of game.But at last, on April 5, 1887, she reached my understanding.About a month after her arrival, she taught me the word “water.”

It happened at the well where I was holding a jar while Annie pumped.As the water splashed onto my hand, she kept spelling w-a-t-e-r into my other hand with her fingers.Suddenly I understood!

It was the first joy I had known for years.I reached out to Annie’s hand.She understood I was begging for new words, for the names of the things I touched.The wordsflew from her hand to mine.Those first words were to change my world.One of the first things Annie did was to teach me to play.I had not laughed since I became deaf.One day she came into my room laughing merrily.Putting my hand on her face, she spelt l-a-u-g-h.Then she tickled me into a burst of laughter.Next Annie took me by the hand and taught me how to hop and skip.She then immediately spelt the words h-o-p and s-k-i-p for me.In a few days I was learninglike any child.Annie kept some pigeons in a cage so that when they were let out I might feel the air from their wings.In this way I found out how birds could fly.The pigeons would land on my head and shoulders.I learned to feed them and understand their ways.That is why birds, though I could not see them, have always been as much a part of my world as flowers and stones.Teacher would not let the world about me be silent.Through my hands and fingers, I “heard” the sounds that one hears on a farm, the noise made by cows, horses, chickens, pigs.She brought me into touch with everything that could be reached or felt-sunlight, the rustling of silk, the noises of insects, the creaking of a door, the voice of a loved one.Annie treated me exactly as if I were a seeing and hearing child.As soon as I had enough words to know the difference between right and wrong, I was put to bed whenever I did something wrong.How wonderful to be treated like a normal child, even when I was bad!

As I look back upon those years, I am struck by Annie's wisdom.Perhaps she understood me because she herself had always had very weak eyes.Annie was born in a poor family, on April 4, 1866.Her mother died when she was eight years old.Two years later, her father diappeared, never to be heard from again.Annie and.her brother were sent to a house for orphans.There the boy died.No one outside the orphans' home was interested in Annie, who was almost blind.But finally, after four years, she managed to escape by crying out to a group of visitors, “I want to go to school!”

At an institution for the blind, Annie learned braille.This is a kind of printing for blind people so that they can read by touch.She also learned a kind of alphabet for the blind, in which different finger positions stand for different letters of the alphabet.Later, an operation helped her to get back part of her sight, but she remained at her institution for six years more.There she studied about teaching deaf-blind children.One day a letter from my father arrived at the school.It asked a teacher for me.Annie considered the challenge just the one she wanted.That is how Annie came to with us.Annie was among the first to realize that a blind person never knows his hidden strength until he is treated like a normal human being.She never pitied me;she never praised me unle what I did was as good as that of the best of a normal person.And she encouraged me when I made up my mind to go to college.During my years in school, Annie sat beside me every cla.She spelled out the things that the teachers taught.And, because most books were not printed in braille, she herself read them to me by spelling into my hand what was written in the books.Teacher's eyes were always a problem.“I can't see an inch ahead, ” she once told me.A doctor was shocked when he heard that she read to me five or more hours every day.Because of this, I often pretended to remember parts of books that I had forgotten, so that she wouldn't have to reread them to me.It took great imagination as well as patience for Annie to teach me to speak.Putting both my hands on her face when she spoke, she let me feel all the movements of her lips nad throat.Together we repeated and repeated words and sentences.My speech was clumsy and not pleasant to hear.But I was delighted to be able to say words that my family and a few friends could understand.For Annie I owe thanks for this pricele gift of speech.It has helped me to serve others.Teacher's inpiration lived on after her death.She had believed in me.I must always keep on trying to do my best.“No matter what happens, ” she often said, “keep on beginning.Each time you fail, atart all over again.You will grow stronger each time, until you can doand finish what you started out to do.” Who could count the times Annie tried, failed, and then conquered?

What a great teacher!What a great person!LESSON 7 THE TRIAL 审判（选自《威尼斯商人》）

Antonio, a merchant in Venice, was liked by everyone because he was always ready to help others.He had many ships which traded with other countries.Now his ships were all at sea.Baanio, Antonio's best friend, was in love with Portia, a rich and beautiful lady who also loved him.But he was sad because he could not ask Portia to marry him while he himself had no money.So he asked Antonio to lend him three thousand ducats.Antonio did not have any money just then.He went to Shylock, a cruel moneylender, who hated him, because he had often publicly scolded him for his greed.Shylock agreed to lend Antonio the money on condition that Antonio must promise to give him a pound of his flesh and allow him to cut the flesh from any part of his body if he did not pay back the money at the end of three months.Antonio agreed, took the three thousand ducats and gave the money to Baanio.Baanio and Portia arranged to get married.It so happened that Baanio's servant Gratiano had fallen in love with Portia's maid Neria.These two also decided to get married.As the two couples were discuing the wedding arrangements, a letter arrived from Antonio, saying that all his ships were all lost at sea and he would have to give Shylock a pound of his flesh.He wished to see Baanio before he died.After the couples got wedding, Portia told Baanio to go at once to his friend.When Baanio and Gratiano had gone, Portia thought of a clever plan to save Antonio.She had a good friend who was a doctor of laws.She asked him to lend her some of his lawyer's clothes and notes.She pretended to be a lawyer and Neria dreed herself like a lawyer's clerk.They went to Vinice.When they arrived, Antonio and Shylock had been brought before the Duke, and the trial had begun.*

*

* Duke: Have mercy on Antonio.Everyone thinks that you will pretend to be cruel until the last minute.Then you will show your mercy.Shylock: I've promised to take my pound of flesh.If you do not let me have it, that will be bad for Venice.No one will trust your laws any more.The greatne of Venice will soon be lost.Antonio is my enemy, I hate him.Baanio: Do all men kill the things they do not love? Antonio: It is usele trying to talk to Shylock.Don't wait any longer.Pa judgement on me and give Shylock what he wants.Baanio: I'll pay you six thousand ducats for the three thousand ducats that Antonio borrowed.Shylock: If you offered me six times the amount that you have just offered, I would still take my pound of flesh.Give me my pound of flesh!Duke: How can you hope for mercy yourself when you show none? Shylock: I have done nothing wrong and I fear no judgement.Give me my pound of flesh!(As the Duke is wondering what to do, Neria, dreed like a lawyer's clerk, arrives with a letter from the famous lawyer whom Portia has visited.While the Duke is talking to Neria, Shylock begins to get ready to cut his pound of flesh from Antonio.Then the letter is read out for all the court to hear: “I am very ill.When your letter reached me, I had with me a learned young doctor from Rome.I told him about the quarrel between Shylock and Antonio.We studied many lawbooks and he knows what I would say.I ask you to let him stand in my place and give judgment.He is young, but I never knew so young a body with so wise a head.”

After the letter has been read to the court, Portia, in lawyer's clothes, enters the room.She takes her seat as judge.)Portia: Are you Antonio?--And is this your agreement with Shylock? Antonio: It is.Portia: Then Shylock must be merciful;he must have mercy on Antonio.Shylock: Why must I have mercy on him? Tell me that!Portia: Mercy falls like the gentle rain from the sky upon the earth.It blees him who gives it, and him who receives it.We should learn to show mercy to others.Do you still ask for this pound of flesh? Shylock: I ask for what is mine by law!Baanio: I offer ten times the amount of money that Antonio has borrowed.Please change the law a little so that we may save Antonio.Portia: We cannot change a law.If one law is changed, then other men will later want to change other laws.Shylock: Oh, wise young judge!Portia: Let me see this agreement, this promise of Antonio to you.Shylock: Here it is.Portia: Yes, by law Shylock may have a pound of flesh to be cut off by him nearest to Antonio's heart.Be merciful!Let me destroy this paper.--No? Then, Antonio, be ready;and Shylock, take your knife.Shylock: Oh, learned judge!Oh, wise young man!Portia: Have you brought anything to weigh the flesh? Shylock: Yes.I have everything ready here.Portia: Do you have a doctor, Shylock, to stop Antonio's blood? Shylock: That is not in the agreement.Portia: Do you wish to say anything, Antonio? Antonio: Only a little.Goodbye, Baanio.Don't be sad for me.Tell your wife about me and how much I loved you.If Shylock cuts deep enough, I'll pay him back with all my heart.Baanio: I love you more than my own life, more than my wife, and more than all the world.(He cries.)Portia: Your wife wouldn't like that offer if she were present to hear you.Gratiano: I have a wife, whom I love very much.But I wish that she were dead and in heaven, so that she would be able to ask God to help Antonio.NeriAntonio: It is good that you make this wish when she is not here.If she were present, there would be trouble in your home.Shylock: We are wasting time.Portia: Take your pound of flesh.The court allows it and the law gives it to you.(Shylock begins to move towards Antonio, and is ready to act.)Portia: Wait!There is something else.Antonio has promised to give you a pound of his flesh.But he has not promised to give you any of his blood.If you let one drop of his blood fall, you will lose