中石油职称英语课文讲稿160第01课 (39)_中石油职称英语考试
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大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 40.Petroleum Geology[n.地质学] and Other Sciences.石油地质学与其它科学、1.Petroleum geology is the application[n.应用] of geology(the study of rocks)to the exploration[n.勘探] for and production of oil and gas.Geology itself is firmly[adv.牢牢地] based on chemistry, physics, and biology, involving[
包括]
the application[n.应用] of eentially[基本的] abstract[adj.抽象的] concepts to observed[观察] data.In the past these data[n.数据] were basically[adv.基本上] observation[n.观察] and subjective[adj.主观的], but they are now increasingly[adv.越来越…] physical[a.物理学的] and chemical, and therefore more objective[adj.客观的].Geology, in general, and petroleum geology, in particular, still rely on value judgements[(judgement):n.判断] based on experience and an aement[n.评估] of validity[n.有效,效力;正确] among the data presented.1、石油地质学是地质学(岩石研究)在油气勘探开发和生产中的应用。地质学本身是以化学、物理和生物学为基础，应用其基本的抽象理论概念来解释观察到的资料。在过去，这些资料主要凭主观观察获取。现在借助物理和化学手段，因而更具客观性。从根本上讲，地质学和石油地质学，仍然特别依赖于基于经验的数值判断和对现有资料的有效性评估。
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 分析：base on＝建立在…基础上； in general＝大体上； in particular＝特别；
单词：geology＝地质学；application＝应用； exploration＝勘探； physics＝物理学； eentially＝必要的； abstract＝抽象的； basically＝基本上； observation＝观察；subjective＝主观的； objective＝客观的； judgement＝判断； aement＝评估；validity＝有效；
2.The application[n.应用] of chemistry to the study of rocks(geochemistry[n.地球化学])has many uses in petroleum geology.Detailed[详细的] knowledge of the mineralogical[a.矿物学的] composition[构成] of rocks is important at many levels[方面].In the early stages of exploration[n.勘探]
certain general
conclusions[(conclusion):n.结论] as to the distribution[n.分布] and quality of potential[n.潜在性] reservoir[n.储层] could be made from their gro[adj.总的] lithology[n.岩性].For example, the porosity[n.of sandstones[n.沙岩] tends to be facies[n.相] related[(relate):vi.有关；涉及], whereas[而] in carbonate[n.碳酸盐] 孔隙度]rocks this is generally not so.Detailed[详细的] knowledge of the mineralogy[n.矿物学] of reservoirs[n.储层] enables[(enable):v.使能够] estimates[估计] to be made of the rate at which they may lose porosity[n.孔隙度] during burial[n.埋葬], and this detailed mineralogical[a.矿物学的] information[n.信息] is eential[adj.必要大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 的] for the accurate[a.精确的] interpretation[n.解释]
of geophysical[a.地球物理学的] well logs[测井] through reservoirs[n.储层].Knowledge of the chemistry of pore[n.孔隙] fluids[(fluid):n.液体] and their effect on the stability[n.稳定性] of minerals[矿
where porosity[n.孔隙度] may be destroyed by cementation[n.胶结], preserved[(preserve):v.保存] 物质] can be used to predict[v.预言]in its original[adj.起初的] form, or enhanced[(enhance):v.提高] by solution[n.溶解] of minerals[矿物质] by formation waters.[n.地层水]
2、化学应用到石油地质的岩石研究(地球化学)中有许多作用。岩石矿物组分的详细资料在许多方面很重要。在勘探早期，就潜在储层的分布和质量我们可以从总的岩性得出某些通用的结论。例如，砂岩孔隙度一般与相有关，而一般在碳酸盐岩中则并非如此。储层矿物学的详细知识可以帮助我们估计出在埋藏过程中孔隙度损失的速率。这样详细的矿物组分资料对于准确地解释储层地球物理测井非常必要。了解孔隙流体的化学组成及其对岩石稳定性的影响，有助于预测哪些地区孔隙度因胶结作用而变差，哪些地区孔隙度保持不变，哪些地区孔隙度因地层水的溶蚀作用而提高。
单词：detailed=详细的； composition＝构成； exploration＝勘探； distribution＝分布； quality＝质量； potential＝潜在性； enable＝使能够； estimate＝评估； eential＝必要的；
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ accurate＝准确的；interpretation＝解释;predict＝预言； enhance＝提高；
3.Organic[a.有机的] chemistry is involved both in the analysis[n.分析] of oil and gas and in the study of the diagenesis[成岩作用] of the plant and animal tiues[组织] in sediments[n.沉淀物] and the way in which the resultant[a.必然产生的] organic[a.有机的] compound[n.化合物], kerogen[干酪根], generates[生成] petroleum.3、有机化学则可应用于分析原油和天然气，研究沉积物中植物和动物组织的成岩作用，研究动植物组织转化为合成有机化合物，揭示由此而生成的有机化合物干酪根生成石油的方式。
单词：be involved in＝被涉及； analysis＝分析；generate生成；
4.The application of physics to the study of rocks(geophysics[n.地球物理学])is very important in petroleum geology[n.地质学].In its broadest[广泛的 ] application[n.应用]
geophysics[n.makes a major contribution[n.贡献] to understanding the 地球物理学]
earth's crust[n.外壳] and, especially through the application[n.应用] of modern plate tectonic[a.构造的] theory[n.理论], the genesis[n.产生] and petroleum potential[n.潜在性] of sedimentary[a.basins[盆地].More specially, physical[a.物理学的] concepts 沉积的]
are required to understand folds[褶皱], faults[断层], and diapirs[底辟],and hence[因此] their roles in petroleum
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ entrapment[圈闭].4、在石油地质中，将物理应用到岩石研究(地球物理)中很重要。地球物理的广泛应用对于了解地壳，尤其是应用了现代板块构造理论后，对于了解沉积盆地的成因和潜在石油资源作出了重要贡献。更为特别的是，在理解褶皱、断层和底辟以及它们在石油圈闭过程中的作用时需要物理概念。
单词：application＝应用；physics＝物理学； contribution ＝贡献； theory＝理论； potential＝潜在的； require＝需要；
5.Modern petroleum exploration is unthinkable[不能想象的] without the aid of magnetism[n.地磁], gravity[n.重力], and seismic[adj.地震的] surveys in finding potential[潜在的] petroleum traps[圈闭].Nor could any finds be evaluated[(evaluate):v.评价] effectively[有效地] without geophysical[a.地球物理学的] wireline[电缆] well logs[测井] to measure[测量]
the lithology[n.岩性], porosity[n.孔隙度], and petroleum content[含量] of a reservoir[n.储层].5、利用现代石油勘探手段寻找潜在的石油圈闭时，如果没有地磁、重力和地震勘探，是不可想象的。同样，如果没有地球物理电缆测井测量岩性、孔隙度和储层中石油的含量，对任何发现的圈闭也不可能做到有效评价。
单词：unthinkable＝不能想象的； evaluate＝评估； effectively＝有效地；
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/
6.Biology[n.生物学] is applied[应用] to geology in several ways, notably[adv.显著地] through the study of foils[化石 ](paleontology[n.古生物学]), and is especially significant[adj.重要
biostratigraphic[生物地层的] zones[n.地带] for regional[adj.区域的] stratigraphical[地层学的] 的] in establishing[建立]correlation[n.对比].The shift[v.移动] in emphasis[n.重点] from the use of macrofoils[:大化石] to microfoils[n.微化石] for zonation[划带], caused by oil exploration[n.勘探], has already been noted.Ecology[n.生态学], the study of the relationship between living organisms[有机体] and their environment, is also important in petroleum geology.Carbonate[n.碳酸盐] sediments[(sediment):n.in general[adj.大体的], and reefs[(reef):n.礁], in particular, 沉积物], can only be studied profitably[ad.有利地,] with the aid of a detailed[详细的] knowledge of the ecology[n.生态] of modern marine[adj.海洋的] fauna[n.动物群] and flora[n。植物群].Biology, and especially biochemistry[n.生物化学], is important in studying the transformation[n.转化] of plant and animal tiues[组织] into kerogen[干酪根] during burial[n.埋藏] and the generation of oil or gas that may be caused by this transformation[n.转化].6、生物学可以从几个方面应用于地质学。较为明显的是用于化石研究(古生物学)，同时，生物学对区域地层对比和建立生物层序地层带具有极为重要的意义。由石油勘探引起的划带重点化石已经显然大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 由大化石转移到微体化石。生态学，即研究生物与其环境之间关系的科学，在石油地质中也很重要。碳酸盐岩沉积物，特别是生物礁，只有在现代海洋动物群落和植物群落生态学详细资料的帮助下才能获得有益的研究成果。生物学，尤其是生物化学，对于埋藏过程中动植物组织转化为干酪根并由此生成石油和天然气的研究很重要。单词：significant＝重要的；establish＝建立； profitably＝有利地； transformation＝转变
7.Geologists[(geologist):n.地质学家], in contrast to some nongeologists, believe that knowledge of the concepts of geology can help to find petroleum and, furthermore[adv.此外], often think that petroleum geology and petroleum exploration[n.勘探] are synonyms[(synonym):n.同义词], which they are not.Theories that petroleum is not formed by the transformation[n.变化] of organic[a.有体的] matter in sediments[n.沉积物] have already been noted and are examined[证实] in more detail.If the petroleum geologists' view of oil generation and migration[n.迁移] are not accepted, then present exploration[n.探索] methods would need extensive[a.大量的] modification[n.修改].7、地质学家相对于非地质学家来说，更相信了解地质概念有助于寻找石油。而且，常常认为石油地质和石油勘探是同义词，而实际上并非如此。石油并不是由沉积物中的有机物转化而来的理论已经引起人们的关注，并在许多细节问题上得以证实。如果石油地质学者关大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 于油气生成和运移的观点不被接受，那么目前的勘探方法需要大幅度改变。
分析：in contrast to＝和...形成对比；
单词：extensive＝大量的； modification＝修改
8.Some petroleum explorationists still do not admit[vt.a need for geologists[(geologist):n.地质学家] to aid them in 承认] to their search.In 1982 a succeful oil finder from Midland[米Texas[n.德克萨斯州], admitted to not using geologists because 德兰], when his competitors[(competitor):n.竞争者] hired[(hire):vt.雇用] them, all it did was to increase their costs per barrel[n.桶] of oil found.The South African State Oil Company(SOEKOR)is under a statutory[a.法定的] obligation[n.责任] imposed[施加] by its government to put to the test every claim[v.声称] to an oil-finding method, be it a dowsing[(dowse):v.探寻水源]
or some sophisticated[adj.复杂的] scientific technique.These examples are not isolated[孤立的] cases, and it has been argued that oil may better be found by random[a.任意的] drilling than by the appliance[n.应用] of scientific principles[原理].8、一些石油勘探家仍然不承认在找油过程中需要地质学家的帮助。1982年，一位德州米德兰油田的发现者声称没有雇佣地质学家。他的对手雇佣了地质学家，结果只是增加了每桶原油的成本。南非国家石油公司在政府法律强行规定下，对每种发现石油的方法(寻找矿大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 藏和水源机械方法或复杂的科学方法)必须进行测验。上述事例并非是独一无二的，它说明寻找石油可能的较好方法是随机钻探，而不是应用科学原理。
单词：competitor＝竞赛者； obligation＝责任； isolated＝孤立的；principle＝原理
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 55.Why Antarctica[n.南极洲] Is Being Explored.为什么要勘探南极洲、1.When the United States was born, the continen......
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 53.Britain Accelerates[(accelerate):v.加快] toward Cleaner Future-with Wheat[n.小麦].依托小麦-英国加速迈向绿色未......
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/50.The Earth's Learning Curve[n.曲线] .人类的学习曲线、1.Imagine a chart that begins when man first appeared on t......
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 21.The art of public Speaking.公共演讲的艺术 已经出过阅读理解，复习时以语法为主。1.The need for effective[adj.有效......
大家论坛中石油职称英语http://club.topsage.com/ 28.The Energy Crisis[危机] of 1973 and Nixon's Energy Policies.1973年能源危机与尼克松总统的应对政策、1.The energ......
