教学案二:定语从句_定语从句教学案
教学案二:定语从句由刀豆文库小编整理,希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便,猜你可能喜欢“定语从句教学案”。
教学目标:
1.让学生掌握定语从句的基本用法,懂得什么叫定语从句,什么叫先行词,什么叫关系代词和关系副词等几个基本概念。
2.让学生知道关系代词和关系副词的用法,包括在定语从句中充当什么成分,是否可以省略等,能在课本中找出定语从句,能完成基本的定语从句练习。教学重点:
1.如何判断定语从句中该使用关系代词还是关系副词? 2.弄清只能用that的情况和不能用that的情况。教学难点:
1.whose后接名词如何与关系代词which ,whom相互转换。2.关系副词如何与介词+关系代词相互转换。
3..什么时候关系代词可以省略,什么时候不可以省略。4.关系代词as的用法。
定语从句
定语从句在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,被修饰的名词词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常
出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
关系代词有:__________, __________, __________, __________, __________, __________,等。
关系副词有:__________, __________, __________等。
1.关系代词引导的定语从句
关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词,并在句中充当__________, __________, __________等成分。关系代词在定语从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致;关系代词在定语从句中作__________时,可以省略。
1)who, whom, that 这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词,在从句中作__________或__________。例如:
Is he the man who/that wants to see you? 他就是你想见的人吗?(who/that在从句中作__________)
He is the man whom/ that I saw yesterday.他就是我昨天见的那个人。(whom/that在从句中作__________)
2)whose 用来指人或物,(只作__________, 若指物,它还可以同__________ __________互换,即whose + n = ____________________或____________________;若指人,可以同__________ __________互换,即whose + n =____________________或____________________)。例如:
This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.They rushed over to help the man __________ car(____________________)had broken down.那人车坏了,大家都跑过去帮忙。
Please pa me the book __________ cover(____________________)is green.请递给我那本绿皮的书。
3)which, that所代替的先行词是事物的名词或代词,在从句中可作__________或__________等。例如:
The package(which / that)you are carrying is about to come unwrapped.你拿的包快散了。(which / that在句中作宾语)
2.关系副词引导的定语从句
关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或原因的名词,在从句中作状语。
关系副词when, where, why的含义相当于“介词+ which”结构,因此常常和“介词+ which”结构交替使用。例如:
This novel, __________ I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人,我已经读了三遍。
3)非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数
例如:
He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思,这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, __________ is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽,这就叫做蒸发。
注意:关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。
4.介词+关系词
1)介词后面的关系词__________(能?不能?)省略,即介词+__________或者介词+__________。
The man __________ __________ I talked at the meeting is from Beijing University.This is the house __________ __________ I used to live.注意:如果介词与动词构成的是固定搭配,介词不可以和动词拆开前置,例如:look for, look after, take care of 等。
This is the person whom you are looking for.2)that前不能有介词。
3)某些在从句中充当时间,地点或原因状语的“介词+关系词”结构可以同关系副词when 和where 互换。例如:
This is the house in which I lived two years ago.这是我两年前住过的房子。
This is the house where I lived two years ago.Do you remember the day on which you joined our club? 还记得你加入我们俱乐部的那一天吗?
Do you remember the day when you joined our club?
5.as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句
由as, which 引导的非限定性定语从句,as和which可代整个主句,相当于and this或and that。As一般放在句首,which在句中,当在句中时可以用as,也可以用which。例如:
__________ we all know, smoking is harmful to one's health.如我们所知,吸烟有害健康。
The sun heats the earth, __________ is very important to us.太阳使地球暖起来,这对我们人类很重要。He married her, __________ was natural.典型例题
1)Alice received an invitation from her bo, ___came as a surprise.A.it
B.that
C.which
D.he
答案C.此为非限定性从句,不能用 that修饰,而用which.,it 和he 都使后句成为句子,两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。
2)The weather turned out to be very good, ___ was more than we could expect.A.what B.which C.that D.it
答案B。which可代替句子,用于非限定性定语从句,而what不可。That 不能用于非限定性定语从句,it不为连词,使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。
3)It rained hard yesterday, ____ prevented me from going to the park..A.that B.which
C.as
D.it
答案B.as 和which在引导非限制性定语从句时,这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思,且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点:
(1)as 引导的定语从句可置于句首,而which不可。
(2)as 代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时,从句中的谓语必须是系动词;若为行为动词,则从句
Who is the man __________is standing by the door? Which is the dictionary __________ you bought yesterday? g)
先行词在定语从句中充当表语时,只用that。The village is not the one __________ it was 30 years ago.The man is not the one __________ he used to be.7.几种复杂的定语从句
(1)
the way 后面的定语从句:
如果先行词是the way,定语从句的先行词可以用in which, that或不填。
Please tell me the way __________ you did the job.(2)
定语从句中加插入语:
关系代词与动词之间有时有一个插入语,有时用逗号隔开,有时没有逗号隔开。常用的插入语的动词有believe, suppose, gue, say 等。
This is the man __________I believe is honest.We feed the children __________ we think are hungry.(3)
分隔式定语从句:
定语从句有时不直接紧靠先行词,中间由一个定语,状语或谓语隔开。例如:
There is an expreion I his eyes __________ I can’t understand.The days are gone forever __________ the Chinese people were looked down upon..8.what/whatever;that/what;who/whoever
1)what = the thing which;whatever = anything。例如:
What you want has been sent here.你要的动词都送来了。
Whatever you want makes no difference to me.不管你要什么,跟我没什么关系。
2)who= the person that
whoever= anyone who。例如:
(错)Who breaks the law will be punished.(错)Whoever robbed the bank is not clear.(对)Whoever breaks the law will be punished.王子犯法,与庶民同罪。
(对)Who robbed the bank is not clear.谁抢了银行还不清楚。
3)that 和 what
当that引导定语从句时,通常用作关系代词,而引导名词性从句时,是个不充当任何成分的连接词。宾语从句和表语从句中的that常可省略。what只能引导名词性从句,用作连接代词,作从句的具体成分,且不能省略。例如:
I think(that)you will like the stamps.我想你会喜欢这些邮票的。
What we need is more practice.我们需要的是更多的实践。
相关练习:
1.You’d better not drink water _____ has not been boiled.A.which A.who
A.who
A.which
B.whom B.which B.whom B.that
C.whose C.that
C.whose C./
23.The people ________ the soldiers have saved are still in danger.B.which B./
D.they
D.he 24.Do you know the name of the farmer __ discovered the tomb of Qin Shi Huang?
C.who
C./
25.A wide and busy road __________ was built like a bridge over another road fell onto the one below.B.which
D.where
实战训练: 1-5ACDDB 6-10DCBBA.11-5CDDAB 16-20DABCB 21-25DCACB