英国文学选读上名词解释(中英文版)_英国文学选读名词解释

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Byronic hero

A proud, mysterious, rebellious, gloomy figure of noble origin, with fiery paions and unbending will, exprees Byron’s own ideal of freedom.He rises against tyranny and injustice, but he’s merely a lone fighter striving for personal freedom.Sonnet

A sonnet is a 14-line lyric poem with a single theme.Sonnets vary but are usually written in iambic pentameter, following one of two traditional patterns: the Petrarchan or Italian sonnet and the Shakespearean or English sonnet.A sonnet generally exprees a single theme or idea.Ode

A complex and often lengthy lyric poem, written in a dignified formal style on some lofty or serious subject.Odes are often written for a special occasion,to honor a person o a season or to commemorate an event.Lake Poets

The Lake Poets all lived in the Lake District of England at the turn of the nineteenth century.As a group, they followed no single “school” of thought or literary practice then known, althoughtheir works were uniformly disparaged by the Edinburgh Review.They are considered part of the Romantic Movement

Metaphysical poetsis a term coined by the poet and criticto describe a loose group ofof the 17th century, whose work was characterized by the inventive use of , and by speculation about topics such as love or religion.John Donne is the most important representative.拜伦式英雄是指拜伦诗中的贵族出身的骄傲，神秘，反叛的角色。

因为有着无穷的激情和力量，拜伦式英雄总是担负起消灭一个腐败社会里所有错误的重担，而且总是以不可征服的意志和无穷无尽的精力，单枪匹马地挑战任何暴政，不管是社会传统规则，是政府或者是宗教。拜伦式英雄通常被社会孤立，像是一个放逐者，而且情绪化，对某一件事很有激情。

拜伦的主要贡献之一就是创造了拜伦诗英雄。Heathcliff in Wuthering House，Rochester in Jane Eyre,玄学派诗歌一般用来称呼那些在John Donne影响下写作的作家的作品。

玄学派诗人一种背叛精神去试着打破传统的伊丽莎白爱情诗的束缚。

玄学诗歌多使用巧智（wit and conceit），结构精巧（ingenious structure），韵律多变（irregular meter），语言口语化（colloquial language），意象奇特（elaborate imagery），并把不同的事物并置（a drawing together of diimilar idea）。它们的意象多来源于现实生活。

颂歌是一种复杂且通常篇幅较长的抒情诗。形式高贵，以崇高（lofty）或严肃的事物为主题。颂歌通常为某个特殊的场合而作，为了赞美某个人或物（to honor a person，a thing or a season），或某个季节或纪念某个事件（commemorate an event）。

Sonnet是一种欧洲传统的非常有影响力的诗歌形式。从形式上来说它有14行诗构成，通常是五步抑扬格，有着严格的特定的押韵方式。莎士比亚的十四行诗非常出名。

早期浪漫主义诗人Wordsworth，Coleridge和Southey，也被称为湖畔派诗人。他们都住在英国西北部的湖区，并且在文学和社会见解上有着一致性。湖畔派诗人主要回忆快乐的旧英格兰时代，把自然看做是精神上的避难所，因为他们惧怕即将到来的工业化和城市化。