发展经济学名词解释_发展经济学的名词解释

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名词解释1.Economics is interested in how and why individuals(or groups)make decisions about the use and distribution of resourcesproducer, or a cost or benefit that arises from consumption and falls on someone other than the consumer.equal marginal external cost(pigouvian tax).The government sets a price per unit of pollution, so that the more a firm pollutes, the higher are its emiions charges.are legally established titles to the ownership, use, and disposal of factors of production and goods and services that are enforceable in the courts.7.Each firm is aigned a permitted amount of pollution per period and firms trade permits.8.The market price of a permit confronts polluters with the social marginal cost of their actions and leads to an efficient outcome.cost)incurred in related markets or experienced by consumers or government(= benefits)increases in productivity from cleaner environment, proce 14.WTP is the most common tool to ae value: maximum amount of money an individual would voluntarily pay to obtain an improvement 15.WTA = the least amount of money an individual would accept to forego the improvement Ask individuals what they are WTP for a change in environmental attributeThe idea: Uses market price of a good to estimate the value of an environmental attribute which is embedded in the price of the marketed good 19.