北京大学CAT英语翻译历年试卷_北京大学英语试卷

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北京大学计算机辅助翻译历年试卷（根据网络部分流出正版和网络回忆版整理汇总）

目录2010专业科目一：翻译.............................................................................................................................3一、二、三、四、名词中译英（共15个，共15分）.......................................................................................3 名词英译中（共15个，共15分）.......................................................................................3 英译中文章（60分）..............................................................................................................3 中译英文章（60分）..............................................................................................................3

2011专业科目一：翻译.............................................................................................................................5

一、词语翻译...................................................................................................................................5 英译汉...................................................................................................................................................5 汉译英...................................................................................................................................................5

二、语篇翻译...................................................................................................................................6 汉译英：...............................................................................................................................................6 英译汉...................................................................................................................................................6 2012专业科目一：翻译.............................................................................................................................8

一、词组翻译（12分）..................................................................................................................8 中英.......................................................................................................................................................8 英中.......................................................................................................................................................8

二、文章翻译...................................................................................................................................8 汉译英（18分）.................................................................................................................................8 英译汉（25分）.................................................................................................................................8

四、汉译英（25分）...........................................................................................................................10

六、英译汉（35分）...........................................................................................................................11 2013专业科目一：翻译...........................................................................................................................13一、二、三、词汇中译英10个选5个，5分...........................................................................................13 词汇中译英10个选5个，5分...........................................................................................13 英译中两篇20分...................................................................................................................13 中译英25分......................................................................................................................................13 英译中.................................................................................................................................................13

四、给了段1000多字的文章 50分.............................................................................................13 附：2013北京大学MTI试卷真题...........................................................................................................14 I.Directions:............................................................................................................................................14 II.Directions:...........................................................................................................................................15 2014 专业科目一：翻译............................................................................................................................16

一、翻译.........................................................................................................................................16 两道中翻英（50分）........................................................................................................................16 两道英翻中（50分）........................................................................................................................16

二、编译或缩译.............................................................................................................................17 2015专业科目一：翻译...........................................................................................................................21一、二、三、英译汉.....................................................................................................................................21 汉译英：.................................................................................................................................21 编译：.....................................................................................................................................22 2016专业科目一：翻译...........................................................................................................................23一、二、三、第一部分，英译汉.................................................................................................................23 第二部分汉译英（回忆版）.................................................................................................24 第三部分.................................................................................................................................24 2017专业科目一：翻译...........................................................................................................................25

一、编译题回忆：.........................................................................................................................25

2010专业科目一：翻译

一、名词中译英（共15个，共15分）

驾驶超速，Speeding或over speed 新华社，Xinhua News Agency 洛杉矶时报，LA Times/Los Angeles Times 艾滋病毒，HIV, AIDS Virus 田径项目，track and field events 经济危机，Economic Crisis 工程学士，Bachelor of Engineering 爵士摇滚乐，jazz-rock 应用语言学，Applied linguistics 圣经旧约，Old Testament

二、名词英译中（共15个，共15分）

Briefing, 简报

CBS, 哥伦比亚广播公司

Federal Reserve Bank,（美国）联邦储备银行 Plastic surgery, 整形外科

Refreshment break, 茶歇、会议间歇 CPU, 中央处理器 HDTV, 高清电视

Attorney general,首席检察官

三、英译中文章（60分）

节选的一篇论贫穷的文章

四、中译英文章（60分）

苏轼《论贫士》

俗传书生入官库，见钱不识。或怪而问之，生曰：「固知其为钱，但怪其不在纸裹中耳。」予偶读渊明

《归去来词》云：「幼稚盈室，瓶无储粟。」乃知俗传信而有徵。使瓶有储粟，亦甚微矣，此翁 平生只

于瓶中见粟也耶？《马后纪》：夫人见大练以为异物；晋惠帝问饥民何不食肉糜，细思之皆一理也，聊

为好事者一笑。永叔常言：「孟郊诗：『鬓边虽有丝，不堪织寒衣』，纵使堪织，能得多少？

（原题疑难的地方还有注释，如“大练”是啥）

2011专业科目一：翻译

附：2011年北京大学MTI，CAT，TT英汉互译真题，考场真实记录

一、词语翻译

英译汉

1.Reciprocal banquet:答谢宴会 2-.pop concert:流行音乐会 3.Black tea 红茶 4.Red-hot news最新消息 5.Sanitary ware卫生洁具 6.Talk show脱口秀 7.Illegal aembly:非法集会

8.WHO世界卫生组织(World Health Organization 9.Busine loan商业贷款

10.Liberal education: 博雅教育;教育;通识教育;注重人文教育 11.Monetary restraint金融约束 12.Triple crown:三重冠

13.Byzantine Empire:拜占庭帝国（即东罗马帝国，395～1453，在欧洲东南部和亚洲西南部，由罗马帝国分裂而成）

14.CNN: 美国有线电视新闻网（Cable News Network）15.Net speak:网络语言

汉译英

1.中央情报局: CIA 2.餐馆勤杂工: bus boy 3.军事法庭: military court/court martial 4.新手: a green hand 5.核裁军: nuclear disarmament 6.杀人未遂: attempted murder 7.主题公园 theme park 8.习惯法: Conventional law 9.破产申请: bankruptcy petition 10.经济指标: economic indicator 11.学费减免: Tuition waiver 12.半决赛semifinals 13.百老汇大街Broadway 14.病毒清除程序: virus removal program /anti-virus program 15.桂冠诗人: poet laureate

二、语篇翻译

汉译英：

西洋的大诗人很多，第一个介绍到中国来的偏偏是郎费罗。郎费罗的好诗或较好的诗也不少，第一首译为中文的偏偏是《人生颂》。那可算是文学交流史对文学教授和评论家们的小小嘲讽或挑衅了！历史上很多——现在就也不少——这种不很合理的事例，更确切地说，很不合学者们的理想和理论的事例。这些都显示休谟所指出的，“是这样”(is)和“应该怎样”(Ought)两者合不拢。在历史过程中，事物的发生和发展往往跟我们闹别扭，恶作剧，推翻了我们定下的铁案，涂抹了我们画出的蓝图，给我们的不透风、不漏水严密理论系统搠上大大小小的窟窿。”通常说“历史的教训”，仿佛历史只是严厉正经的上级领导老师；其实历史也像淘气捣乱的小孩子，爱开玩笑，捉弄人。

英译汉

One day, in the autumn of 1845, I accidentally lighted on a MS.volume of verse in my sister Emily's handwriting.Of course, I was not surprised, knowing that she could and did write verse: I looked it over, and something more than surprise seized me--a deep conviction that these were not common effusions, nor at all like the poetry women generally write.I thought them condensed and terse, vigorous and genuine.To my ear they had also a peculiar music--wild, melancholy, and elevating.My sister Emily was not a person of demonstrative character, nor one on the recees of whose mind and feelings even those nearest and dearest to her could, with impunity, intrude unlicensed;it took hours to reconcile her to the discovery I had made, and days to persuade her that such poems merited publication.I knew, however, that a mind like hers could not be without some latent spark of honorable ambition, and refused to be discouraged in my attempts to fan that spark to flame.Meantime, my younger sister quietly produced some of her own compositions, intimating that, since Emily's had given me pleasure, I might like to look at hers.I could not but be a partial judge, yet I thought that these verses, too, had a sweet, sincere pathos of their own.We had very early cherished the dream of one day becoming authors.This dream, never relinquished even when distance divided and absorbing tasks occupied us, now suddenly acquired strength and consistency: it took the character of a resolve.We agreed to arrange a small selection of our poems, and, if poible, to get them printed.Averse to personal publicity, we veiled our own names under those of Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell;the ambiguous choice being dictated by a sort of conscientious scruple at auming Christian names positively masculine, while we did not like to declare ourselves women, because--without at that time suspecting that our mode of writing and thinking was not what is called 'feminine'--we had a vague impreion that authorees are liable to be looked on with prejudice.2012专业科目一：翻译

一、词组翻译（12分）

中英

1.公益 public welfare 2.文化遗产 cultural relics/heritage 3.心理咨询 psychological consult 4.知识产权 intellectual property 5.自然灾害 natural disaster 6.刻舟求剑 seek sword by marking the moving boat

英中

1.Disadvantaged group 弱势群体 2.Hit-and-run driver 肇事司机

3.Eyesight-disadvantaged-friendly track 盲道 4.Rest room 休息室；厕所 5.Green hand 新手 6.Senior citizen 老年人

二、文章翻译

汉译英（18分）

《现代汉语词典》中将“龙”定义为中国古代传说中的神异动物，身体长，有鳞，有角，有脚，能走，能飞，能游泳，能兴云降雨。

译：In Modern Chinese Dictionary, Dragon is defined as a strange creature in China’s ancient legend.It has a long body, scales，horns, and feet, who can walk, fly, swim and is able to call for clouds and rains.英译汉（25分）

文章出处：（划线句）

Back in the 1950s the man was the undisputed family breadwinner.在20世纪50年代，男人是无可争议的养家糊口者。

But fast forward 60 years and men today are apparently happy to play second fiddle to their wives when it comes to money.但是60年飞逝后的今天，当提到钱的时候，男人们却明显地乐意做他们妻子的陪衬。Three-quarters of men now say it is no longer important for them to be the one who earns the most, new research reveals.新的研究表明，四分之三的男性说，成为挣钱最多的那位对他们来说不在重要了。A study carried out by the U.S.edition of Men’s Health magazine claims it marks the death knell for ‘1950s man’.由美国版的《男性健康》杂志开展的调查声称，“50年代的男人”标志已经终结了。

Husbands as depicted in the hit TV show Mad Men apparently no longer existhalf of men think they have to give up some of their masculinity to become what they considered to be a ‘nurturing father’.但是，这也是有代价的——一般的男性认为他们必须放弃一些“男人气概”，来变为他们所谓的“奶爸”。

Men’s Health found that another big change was how men see other men earning le than their wivesand more money to pay for the holiday trip to Aruba.’He added that men who are stuck in the daily grind look at their colleagues who are at home with their family and think: ‘Dude, you’re a kept man.Congratulations!’

那么，如果一个女性最关注的只是如何获得大收入和她能获得的权力，以及为去加勒比海的度假之旅付更多的钱。”他补充道，那些忙碌于日常工作的男性看到能和家人在一起的同伴，就会想，“花花公子啊，你是个有人养的男人，祝贺!”

Some 89 percent agree that protecting your family is a vital characteristic of being a man today.Only 29 percent strongly agree that it’s OK to cry as a man.89%的人认为保护家庭是作为当今男性的重要的职责，只有29%人认为男人会吵嚷也是可以的。However the study also found that 42 percent of men said they did more housework than their fathers did and 69 percent in a relationship take out the rubbish.然而研究发现42%的男性说他们比自己的父辈们做更多的家务，69%的人会倒垃圾等。Adrienne Burge, Head of Research at the Fatherhood Institute, said that 50s man was ‘appropriate for times’ but that things had changed for the better.She said: ‘I don’t think we should look back on it and condemn it.Adrienne Burge，父系学院研究的校长，说50年代的男性是顺应时代的，但是事情变得更好了。她说，我并不认为我们应该回顾往事，并埋怨。

‘It was for its time when women needed not to be deserted and needed men to go out and be the breadwinner for all sorts of reasons like education and contraception.那是一个妇女不必被遗弃，男人因为像教育和避孕等各种原因，需要外出挣钱的时代。‘It’s not so much that attitudes have changed, but lives have changed.Things are not so rigid anymore.态度并没有改变多少，变得是生活。事情再也不那么一成不变了。

‘Fred said we need to love and work and extremes of either are bad, so we need to find a balance’.Fred说，我们需要爱和工作，任何一种极端都是不利的，所以我们需要找到平衡。

四、汉译英（25分）

一座城市有名，关键在于那里出现过许多名人。我们常常将名人与名城联系在一起。想到名人自然联想起他生活和工作的城市。想到名城，自然联想起曾在那里生活和工作的名人。旅游者访问一座历史名城，必然要参观那里的名人故居和名人纪念馆，目睹历史名人创造精神财富的环境，亲身感受历史名人所创造的精神财富的价值与意义。

译：The key of a city’s fame lies in that there appeared many famous people there.We often relate famous people with famous cities.At the thought of a celebrity, we will naturally think of the city where he lived and worked.Likewise, at the thought of a famous city, we will naturally think of the celebrity living and working there.When tourists visit a historical city, he is sure to see the old houses and anniversary buildings of celebrities there, to witne the environment where historical people once created spiritual property, as well as experience the value and meaning of the spiritual property by themselves.五、英译汉（35分）

Tourism in Europe's Mediterranean countries is a big busine, but it is not loved.It is blamed for polluting the landscape, spoiling the beaches and corrupting the locals' morals.This is partly the countries' own doing.In the 1960s the governments of Spain, Portugal, Italy and Greece encouraged the building of hotels and other tourist infrastructure, which seemed the fastest way to catch up with the wealthier north.During the 40 years of breakneck development that followed, vast stretches of the Spanish coast were concreted over, transforming the Costa del Sol into the Costa del Concrete and attracting hordes of tourists in search of sun, sea and sand.Some Greek islands have come to resemble a Hellenic Hong Kong, with high-rise hotels and traffic jams.Some people in tourism made good money, but in recent years even they have started to notice how the ugline and the noise is keeping visitors away.The government in Madrid grew so concerned that it bought tracts of seaside land itself, to stop developers from getting their hands on it.译：在欧洲地中海一带的国家中，旅游业是一大商业，但是却不被喜爱。经常因污染风景线，破坏海滩，腐蚀当地道德而受到斥责。这一部分是这些国家咎由自取。在20世纪60年代，西班牙、葡萄牙、意大利和希腊国家政府鼓励兴建宾馆和其他旅游设施，这似乎是赶上富裕的北部最快捷的方式。经过40年飞快的发展，大片西班牙海岸被混凝土所覆盖，使得“阳光海岸”变成了“混凝土海岸”，吸引大量的游客来此寻找阳光浴，大海和海滩。一些希腊小岛已经仿佛成了希腊人的香港，宾馆高耸，交通拥堵。

从事旅游业的一些人赚到了很多钱，但是，近年来，即便是他们也开始发觉，丑陋和噪音已开始让游客远离此地。马里兰政府对此非常担忧，所以他们直接管理海滨一带，以阻止开发者们插手其中。

六、英译汉（35分）

文章出处，有删节：

How Grandparents Help Our Species Survive 祖父母们是在种族存续中的作用 By FIONA MACRAE They dote on their grandchildren, offer a treasure trove of wisdom and provide an invaluable babysitting service.他们宠爱孙子，传递智慧财富，并提供无价的临时保姆的服务。But it seems grandparents have a more crucial rolethe emotional support can also be of huge value.如果真的如此，他们将会把焦点房子孙子身上，而他们的父母最可能会在将来予以回报。假如祖父母中的一个在身边的话，孩子不但在更好的生理健康上受益——情感上的支持也将是具有极大地价值。

Dr.Coall said that studies show that grandparents can act as “buffers”, shielding youngsters from the fallout of divorce and troubled marriages.Coall博士说研究显示，外祖父母们可以充当“缓冲器”的角色，抵御孩子们免受离异或婚姻纠葛的伤害。

Grandparents also benefit, with a study finding that grandmothers who babysat were more likely to exercise in the years to come.祖父母们也会受益，研究发现，那些带孩子的祖母们更可能会在未来的岁月中锻炼。But parents should not take advantage, with studies suggesting that too many hours of childcare can leave grandparents exhausted, as well as short of time and money.但是，父母也不可偷懒，研究表明，长时间照顾孩子会让祖父母们精疲力竭，也会使他们缺乏时间与金钱。

2013专业科目一：翻译

一、词汇中译英10个选5个，5分

少年犯罪，高雅艺术，资源共享，人机界面，双语能力，二、词汇中译英10个选5个，5分

Practical； Creative ； Writing Natural； Language； Proceion；

三、英译中两篇20分

中译英25分

关于旅游的说国人是最怕旅游的即使是再闹饥荒的时候也不远去他乡

英译中

无

四、给了段1000多字的文章 50分

1.让你把这篇文摘译成一段300字的中文给理科生看，2.根据文章写一篇不少于250字的读后感，网上查不到相关的材料原题总之除了翻译，词汇之外就是最后这道题个人建议做英汉互译的时候最好不要打草稿，打草稿太浪费时间，如果我不打草稿的话最后一道题就会写的不用那么匆忙。个人认为英汉互译的方向目前正转向更为实用的翻译，其题目的水平没有二级笔译难。附：2013北京大学MTI试卷真题

2013年硕士研究生入学考试试题 考试科目：英语翻译基础

I.Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test, 15 in English and 15 in Chinese, with one point for each.(30 scores;30 minutes)1.Import duty 2.Anarchy 3.Constituency 4.Donation 5.Ballot 6.Cabinet 7.Hypocrisy 8.Credentials 9.Invoice 10.Lawsuit 11.Hersey 12.Jury 13.Fiscal policy 14.Oval office 15.CIA 1.担保人 2.专利保护 3.大学终身制 4.贸易保护主义 5.丑闻 6.声明 7.控告8.身份 9.否决 10.三K 11.当局 12.伪造 13.戴维营 14.电话会议 15.证据

II.Directions: Translate the following two source texts into their target language respectively.(120 scores;120 minutes)Text1 Indeed，since the demise of the Soviet, there has always been a push by some scholars and journalists in the United States to find the OrientalizedIslam a new empire of evil.However ,this is not the whole picture ,what I want to talk about in the remaining part of the eay is the new trend in scholarship ,criticism, and the interpretation of that.Although, they have accepted the premise view of my book.（待续）Text2 书籍安慰人，承诺人自我满足和权威。即将取代它的电子文本，使人欢欣鼓舞,承诺人无限的可能和无拘无束的自由。然而我们有必要打破这二分法，因为这只不过是纸上谈兵。书的使用很大程度上受个体阅读习惯影响，人们愉快的阅读，涂抹，抄写，误读，或用其他方法僭越读的书。电子文本只是表面的自由，要受成本，数据录入，等因素影响像。要依靠读者所不能掌握的技术，读者只能望着自己不能控制的文本兴叹。网络能维持多长时间，不断进步的技术能否兼容被淘汰的老技术，这两个方面对我们思考数字环境代替“硬拷贝'非常重要。

2014 专业科目一：翻译

一、翻译

两道中翻英（50分）

1.洗衣机的说明书

认真负责地处理包装材料。让包装材料远离儿童，包装材料不是玩具。再加工及再利用包装材料可以节约原材料，减少废料。所使用的全部包装材料均为适合环境及可再利用的。硬纸板箱包含有至再生纸。

当洗衣机无法再用时就放弃它。拔下电源线插头，剪断电源线。毁坏观察窗旁的门钩，防止儿童在玩耍时被锁住而引起窒息的危险。旧机器包含可再利用的有用材料，请协助正确处理或回收利用而对环境做出贡献。

（貌似是西门子洗衣机的说明书但是我没有找到英文版）

2.林语堂散文的翻译《人是唯一工作的动物》

关于人，最难了解的事情终究是他对工作的观念，及他指定给自己做的工作或社会指定给他做的工作。世间的万物都在悠闲中过日子，只有人类为生活而工作着。他工作着，因为他必须工作，因为在文化日益进步的时候，生活也变得更加复杂，到处是义务、责任、恐惧、阻碍和野心，这些东西不是由大自然产生出来的，而是由人类社会产生出来的。当我在这里坐在我的书台边时，一只鸽子在我窗外绕着一座礼拜堂的尖塔飞翔着，毫不忧虑午餐吃什么东西。我知道我的午餐比那鸽子的午餐复杂得多，我也知道我所要吃的几样东西，乃是成千累万的人们工作的结果，需要一个极复杂的种植、贸易、运输、递送和烹饪的制度，为了这个原因，人类要获得食物是比动物更困难的。虽然如此，如果一只莽丛中的野兽跑到都市来，知道人类生活的匆忙是为了什么目的，那么，它对这个人类社会一定会发生很大的疑惑。

两道英翻中（50分）

1.关于森林火灾的大概是说，以前有研究说森林着火只要不失控，就是对森林有益的，所以那时候在天气够冷够潮湿的情况下，护林员对诸如闪电导致的火等等会故意不去扑灭，结果后来在 1988 年（？）的时候黄石公园就出事了，然后这种方式就不再继续了，但现在这种方式又逐渐引起关注了，因为这么多年下来森林里的枯树越来越多了，这样的话只要一点点着起来后果就会非常严重。

2.跟Ohio 有关的讲的是发明飞机的事好像，是发明飞机的事，两兄弟没有像其他人那样娶妻生子过平凡日子而是投身研究。

二、编译或缩译

不超过300-400，写给文科生看的，可以少量摘抄附录（来自维基百科的两个词条）的内容social network effect burst（50分）

英国《金融时报》专栏作家约翰•加普

In Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madne of Crowds, the Victorian writer Charles Mackay describes a company formed during the South Sea Bubble in 1720 which declared in its prospectus that it was “for carrying on an undertaking of great advantage, but nobody to know what it is”.After investors hurried to buy shares, the founder “set off the same evening for the Continent” and was never heard of again.A get-rich-quick atmosphere is also enveloping Silicon Valley at the moment, with Wall Street investors competing to buy privately-traded shares in social media companies such as Facebook, Twitter, and their imitators.It has a mysterious newcomer in Color, a photo-sharing application for mobile devices that has puzzled many users but which easily raised $41m – several times the usual amount – in its first funding round.As Color launched last week, the veteran investor Warren Buffett spoke out about social networks, declaring: “Most of them will be over-priced...Some will be huge winners, which will make up for the rest.” Mr.Buffett has long shunned technology companies as having uncertain prospects compared with the insurance and food and drink companies he prefers, and he is right about the latest craze.As long as social networks are growing and pulling in millions of new members, as are both Facebook and Twitter at the moment, they have great revenue potential.But when growth stalls, or even slows, they tend to implode as the network effect goes into reverse.This has been the pattern since Friendster became the pioneer of online social networking in 2002.Friendster was the first to get into trouble, overtaken by rivals such as MySpace when its technology misfired(it is now focused on Asia and the Middle East).MySpace was bought by News Corpfor $580m in 2005 but it peaked in 2008, and News Corp is trying to sell it for perhaps a 10th of the figure.Bebo was acquired by AOLin 2008 for $850m and sold ignominiously this year for le than $10m.That history should give late-stage investors pause but they are instead stampeding to grab a piece of the next social network.In January, Facebook was valued at $50bn in a fundraising led by Goldman Sachs and others, and the figure has since hit $85bn on one secondary exchange.Twitter, which the online consultancy eMarketer says last year had US revenues of $45m(and overseas revenues of zero)was recently valued at $3.7bn.Facebook is clearly worth some number of billions – it is now the world’s leading social network, with more than 500m active users and estimated advertising revenues of $1.9bn last year, which eMarketer expects to climb to $4bn this year.Mark Zuckerberg, its founder, has executed its growth strategy much more effectively than rivals that have fallen by the wayside.It is also unquestionable that more advertising will flow into social media companies as marketers adjust to the shift in online consumption.The UK internet Advertising Bureau estimates that, although UK internet users now spend 25 percent of their time online at social networks, the latter gained only 5 percent of last year’s £4.1bn in advertising revenues.But there is a reason why advertisers only spend a fraction of the amount per advertisement on social networks compared with search engines and media websites – because users go to networks to socialize, not with the intention of buying.“All of these companies are being valued as the next Google and that’s a mistake.Facebook is a good busine, but Google is a once-in-a-lifetime,” says one investor.Meanwhile, the Facebook aura is reflecting on networks that will have an even tougher challenge turning users into revenues.“For companies such as Twitter, where the revenues are tiny and the company is losing money, you need an abacus or a prayer mat to come up with a sensible valuation,” says one Silicon Valley venture capitalist.In one sense, venture capitalists are merely doing their jobs by investing heavily in social media companies, even if they know a lot of them are bound to fail.The investors in Color – Bain Capital, Sequoia Capital, and Silicon Valley Bank – are betting on lots of early-stage companies at once and need only a few to succeed.The same does not go, however, for late-stage investors who are pouring enormous amounts into Facebook, Twitter, Zynga, Groupon and others at mature valuations before they have even reached an initial public offering.They are betting on the cash flows of these businees not only expanding rapidly but turning out to be sustainable.Given the flaky history of social networks, that is a brave bet.Such companies thrive on network effects, growing exponentially more powerful the more that people use them to share goip, information and photographs.But they also atrophy rapidly when users turn to the next new thing and let their free accounts become dormant.LinkedIn, a profeionals’ network with 100m registered users, provides a guide to the pitfalls in its recent IPO filing.As it points out: “Some members have multiple registrations, other members have died...and others may have registered under fictitious names”;and it lacks a good way to identify them.Facebook may well emerge as the “category killer” of social networks and not only grow to an enormous size but level out(as the law of large numbers dictates)without imploding.It is also conceivable, although le likely, that others will join it.But there will be few.维基百科词条大概的是这样的哈 Social network The social network is a theoretical construct useful in the social sciences to study relationships between individuals, groups, organizations, or even entire societies(social units, see differentiation).The term is used to describe a social structure determined by such interactions.The ties through which any given social unit connects represent the convergence of the various social contacts of that unit.This theoretical approach is, necearily, relational.An axiom of the social network approach to understanding social interaction is that social phenomena should be primarily conceived and investigated through the properties of relations between and within units, instead of the properties of these units themselves.Thus, one common criticism of social network theory is that individual agency is often ignored although this may not be the case in practice(see agent-based modeling).Precisely because many different types of relations, singular or in combination, form these network configurations, network analytics are useful to a broad range of research enterprises.In social science, these fields of study include, but are not limited to anthropology, biology, communication studies, economics, geography, information science, organizational studies, social psychology, sociology, and sociolinguistics.那段Facebook文章的中文：

维多利亚时期作家查尔斯•麦凯(Charles Mackay)在他的《非同寻常的大众幻想与群众性癫狂》(Extraordinary Popular Delusions and the Madne of Crowds)一书中，描述了一家在1720年“南海泡沫事件”期间成立的公司。这家公司在招股说明书中宣称，公司“从事一种可带来巨大收益的生意，但人们不必知道它是什么”。在投资者蜂拥购买其股票之后，该公司创始人“当晚动身前往欧洲大陆”，从此杳无音讯。

眼下，硅谷也被一种妄图一夜暴富的气氛笼罩着，华尔街投资者们竞相购买场外交易的社交媒体公司股票，Facebook、Twitter和它们的效仿者都是被热捧的对象。其中一个神秘的新贵就是为移动设备提供照片共享应用程序的Color公司。这个程序让许多用户感到一头雾水，但让该公司在第一轮融资中就轻易就募得了4100万美元，是一般融资规模的数倍。

上周，就在Color上线之际，投资老手沃伦•巴菲特(Warren Buffett)就社交网站发表了自己的看法。他称：“大部分社交网站的价值都将被高估„„其中一些会成为大赢家，其余的将成为输家。”巴菲特长期以来一直回避高科技公司，认为与他偏爱的保险公司或食品饮料公司相比，高科技公司的前景十分不确定。他对目前这种社交媒体热的看法是正确的。

只要社交网站继续发展，持续吸引数以百万计的新用户——就像Facebook和Twitter目前这样——它们就会拥有巨大的收入潜力。可一旦停止增长，甚至只是增长放缓，随着网络效应发生逆转，这些公司就有可能崩溃。自2002年Friendster开创网上社交以来，这已成为一种定式。

Friendster率先陷入了困境。在其技术未带来预期结果之后，该公司被MySpace等竞争对手所赶超（Friendster目前专注于亚洲和中东地区）。2005年，MySpace被新闻集团(News Corp)以5.8亿美元收购，但在2008年达到巅峰后就走上了下坡路。现如今，新闻集团正试图以收购价十分之一左右的价格抛掉它。2008年，Bebo被美国在线(AOL)以8.5亿美元收购，而今年则以不到1000万美元的价格被屈辱地卖掉。

这段历史应该会让晚期投资者踌躇不前，可情况恰恰相反，他们争前恐后，试图从下一家社交网站分得一杯羹。今年1月，在一轮由高盛(Goldman Sachs)及其它机构牵头的融资中，Facebook的估值高达500亿美元；此后在一个二级市场中，它的估值更是达到了850亿美元。不久前，Twitter估值也达到了37亿美元——根据在线咨询公司eMarketer的数据，去年Twitter美国业务的收入为4500万美元（海外收入为零）。Facebook显然价值不菲——它目前是全球头号社交网站，拥有逾5亿活跃用户。据估计，该公司去年广告收入高达19亿美元，eMarketer预计，今年将升至40亿美元。Facebook创始人马克•扎克伯格(Mark Zuckerberg)对公司增长战略的执行，比那些半途而废的竞争对手要有效得多。毫无疑问，随着营销人员开始针对在线消费的转变做出调整，会有更多的广告流向社交媒体公司。据英国互联网广告局(IAB)估计，尽管目前英国网民25%的上网时间都花在社交网站上，但去年，社交网站的广告收入仅占互联网广告总收入（41亿英镑）的5%。

相比搜索引擎和媒体网站，广告客户仅将很少一部分广告支出投入社交网站是有原因的：用户上社交网站的目的是社交，而不是买东西。一位投资者表示：“现在，所有的社交网站都被当成下一个谷歌(Google)来估价，这是一个错误。Facebook是一家出色的公司，但谷歌是可遇不可求的。”

与此同时，在Facebook光环的照射下，那些更难将用户转化为收入的网站看上去也相当耀眼。“对于Twitter这些收入微薄、还在亏损的公司，你要想得出一个合理的估值，必须好好打一打算盘或跪下来祈祷，”硅谷一位风险投资者这样说道。

从某种意义上讲，风险投资者大举投资社交媒体公司，不过是在做自己的本职工作——即使他们知道其中许多公司必然会倒闭。Color的投资者——贝恩资本(Bain Capital)、红杉资本(Sequoia Capital)和硅谷银行(Silicon Valley Bank)——同时押注于大量处于起步阶段的公司，只要其中几家成功即可。

但对于向Facebook、Twitter、Zynga、Groupon等公司投入巨资的晚期投资者而言，情况就不是这样了——他们在这些公司还没有首次公开发行(IPO)之前，就把它们当作成熟企业进行估值。这些投资者押注的是，这些公司的现金流不仅会快速扩张，而且也是可持续的。

鉴于社交网站起伏难测的过往记录，这是个冒险之举。这些网站依靠网络效应发展壮大，人们越多使用它们来分享八卦、信息和照片，它们就越呈指数型增长。但一旦用户转向下一件新鲜事物，不再登录自己在这些网站上的免费账户，它们也会迅速衰落。

拥有1亿注册用户的专业人士社交网站LinkedIn，就在不久前的上市申请报告中指出了其中的种种隐患。正如它所指出的：“一些用户注册了多个账号，一些用户已停止活动„„还有一些用户可能是用假名注册的”；而该公司没有一种有效的办法来识别这些账户。

Facebook很可能成为社交网站的“品类杀手”，不但能发展到一个很大的规模，而且还能在之后保持稳定（这是由大数定律所决定的）、不会崩溃。可以相信，还会出现这样的企业（尽管可能性不高），但数量会极其有限。

2015专业科目一：翻译

一、英译汉

第一篇：Systems Art（来源为维基百科，除第一段外，其他的记不清了，篇幅应该和这个差不多，或者更长一些）

Systems art is art influenced by cybernetics, and systems theory, that reflects on natural systems, social systems and social signs of the art world itself.Systems art emerged as part of the first wave of the conceptual art movement extended in the 1960s and 1970s.Closely related and overlapping terms are Anti-form movement, Cybernetic art, Generative Systems, Proce art, Systems aesthetic, Systemic art, Systemic painting and Systems sculptures.By the early 1960s Minimalism had emerged as an abstract movement in art which rejected the idea of relational, and subjective painting, the complexity of Abstract expreionist surfaces, and the emotional zeitgeist and polemics present in the arena of Action painting.Minimalism argued that extreme simplicity could capture all of the sublime representation needed in art.Aociated with painters, minimalism in painting, as opposed to other areas, is a modernist movement.第二篇：Campus Scandal（抱歉，墙太高了，翻不出去，用不了谷歌。没有找到原文。只能大概说说）新闻语体，出现的单词有：anthropologist,Tiger Woods, rape, hockey ball team

二、汉译英：

第一篇：《谈友谊》梁实秋（删节记不太清了，真正考到的似乎还要短一些）

朋友居五伦之末，其实朋友是极重要的一伦。所谓友谊实即人与人之间的一种良好的关系，其中包括了解、欣赏、信任、容忍、牺牲......诸多美德。

我们的古圣先贤对于交友一端是甚为注重的。《论语》里面关于交友的话很多，在西方亦是如此。罗马的西塞罗有一篇著名的《论友谊》，法国的蒙田、英国的培根、美国的爱默生，都有论友谊的文章。

古之所谓“刎颈交”，陈义过高，非常人所能企及。就是把友谊的标准降低一些，真正能称得起朋友的还是很难得。富兰克林说：“有三个朋友是忠实可靠的——老妻，老狗，与现款。”妙的是这三个朋友都不是朋友。倒是亚里士多德的一句话最干脆：“我的朋友们呀！世界上根本没有朋友。”

大抵物以类聚，人以群分。孔子说：“无友不如己者。”我想一来指品学而言，二来只是说不要结交比自己坏的，并没有说一定要我们去高攀。友谊需要两造，假如双方都想结交比自己好的，那便永远交不起来。

我总以为劝善规过是友谊之消极的作用。友谊之乐是积极的。只有神仙与野兽才喜欢孤独，人是要朋友的。“假如一个人独自升天，看见宇宙的大观，群星的美丽，他并不能感到快乐，他必要找到一个人向他述说他所见到的奇景，他才能快乐。”

第二篇：日记，记述作者找工作的事情，内容很简单。大体内容为：

说作者是一个本科毕业生，大家都找工作，我也找，我在网上投简历，很顺利就有电话打来，让我过去。第二天我起床、洗漱、早早开车过去，好像中间还夹杂着说北京堵车什么的，进公司了，说公司很朴素，在写字楼一层，门牌怎么怎么样，几个大字怎么怎么样。面试后主考官把我带到一个房间，原来是老板的房间。老板出现前，我观察房间里的布局，桌子上有镜框，是老板一家的全家福，看起来很幸福。这时老板出来了，向我握手恭喜，夸一夸公司怎么着怎么着，然后签了，整个过程很顺利。我走出公司，感觉阳光比以前格外灿烂，天空更蓝，空气更好„„

三、编译：

1.根据三篇英文文章，写一篇汉语文章。题目自拟，400-600字为宜。2.写作中所引用的观点必须是原文中的，不得脱离英文文章内容。3.摘取原文中的句子进行翻译是错误做法，不得分。4.文中须包含社交软件对中学生的影响等内容（记不清了）

原文：（共3篇，共2400词左右）

第一篇：Snapchat APP 的简介，原文类似说明书，以下为举例，不是考试时试卷上的文章： Discover is fun and easy to use.Tap to open an edition, swipe left to browse Snaps, or swipe up on a Snap for more.Each channel brings you something unique – a wonderful daily surprise!Snapchat Discover is a new way to explore Stories from different editorial teams.It’s the result of collaboration with world-cla leaders in media to build a storytelling format that puts the narrative first.This is not social media.Social media companies tell us what to read based on what’s most recent or most popular.We see it differently.We count on editors and artists, not clicks and shares, to determine what’s important.Discover is different because it has been built for creatives.All too often, artists are forced to accommodate new technologies in order to distribute their work.This time we built the technology to serve the art: each edition includes full-screen photos and videos, awesome long form layouts, and gorgeous advertising.Discover is new, but familiar.That’s because Stories are at the corebecause what’s news today is history tomorrow.Discover is fun and easy to use.Tap to open an edition, swipe left to browse Snaps, or swipe up on a Snap for more.Each channel brings you something unique – a wonderful daily surprise!

第二篇：YouTube、Facebook 等社交网站容易让青少年上瘾，带有评论性的语气。

第三篇：Snapchat并不是如它所宣传的那样百分之百安全。可能会有漏洞，有黑客攻击，被第三方恶意程序伪装等等，用户隐私也可能会泄露。

2016专业科目一：翻译

一、第一部分，英译汉

1.Hyperloop The Hyperloop is a conceptual high-speed transportation system put forward by entrepreneur Elon Musk, incorporating reduced-preure tubes in which preurized capsules ride on an air cushion driven by linear induction motors and air compreors.As of 2015[update], designs for test tracks and capsules are being developed, with construction of a full-scale prototype scheduled for 2016.A preliminary design document was made public in August 2013, which included a suggested route running from the Los Angeles region to the San Francisco Bay Area, paralleling the Interstate 5 corridor for most of its length.Preliminary analysis indicated that such a route might obtain an expected journey time of 35 minutes, meaning that paengers would traverse the 354-mile(570 km)route at an average speed of around 598 mph(962 km/h), with a top speed of 760 mph(1,220 km/h).Cost estimates were US$6 billion for a paenger-only version, and US$7.5 billion for a version transporting paengers and vehicles.The cost projections for the suggested California route were questioned by transportation engineers in 2013, who found the sum unrealistically low given the scale of construction and reliance on unproven technology.The technological and economic feasibility of the idea is unproven and a subject of significant debate.2.Investing in our families is a vital part of the economy Imagine working long hours day in day out, falling into bed exhausted each night and getting up with the sun each morning — but never getting paid and never, according to the people who measure such things, actually “creating value”.It sounds groly unfair, but this is the condition of most women around the world.When governments measure national economies in the gro domestic product, “women’s work” — caregiving, housekeeping, home-making— does not count as “work”.All this work, moreover, is just the physical dimension of care.caregiving includes the additional emotional component of love and nurture, the transformation of an income stream into the teaching, discipline, moral guidance, problem-solving, emotional support and role-modelling that raising children and simply investing in others requires.That is work worth measuring.Reducing the amount of time and effort women spend doing tedious chores is poible with labor-saving technologies.By reducing the 61 per cent of unpaid work that consists of routine household tasks, we can free up time for the valuable work of caring for children and elders.Redistributing unpaid labor, the last step, means including men equally in the work and the joys of care.Moreover, when men and women are equal co-parents, they are both likely to push for the flexible work arrangements that would help everyone.二、第二部分汉译英（回忆版）

1.老树的记忆

在不经意的时候，一转眼便会有一棵苍老的枸杞树的影子飘过。

我记得初次到北平时，在前门下了火车以后，这古老都市的影子，更像一个秤锤，沉重地压在我的心上。我迷茫地上了一辆洋车，跟着木屋似的电车向北跑。远处是红的墙，黄的瓦。我是初次看到电车的;我仍然看到，红的墙，黄的瓦。终于，在初踏入一个新的境地而生的迷惘的心情下，我被拖到西城的某一个公寓里去了。暮色下，眼前的一切的仿佛给一层轻烟笼罩起来似的。我看不清院子里有什么东西，我甚至也没有看清我住的小屋。黑夜跟着来了，我便糊里糊涂地睡下去。

2.我的姐姐

她是那种淡淡的女孩子，习惯性的微笑让人感觉很舒服。她头发很长，长得很高，皮肤很白净。

她最大的特点就是爱吃，但最神奇的事情是她却很瘦。说她爱吃是因为跟她说一件事情她最先想到的绝对是吃。如:“火焰鸟好漂亮的”“恩恩，一定很好吃。”她还精通各种美食，一些我从未听说过的美食她都知道。她还特别喜欢看一些关于美食的电视，如《舌尖上的美味》。但我还是有些疑惑，她难道是一边流着口水一边看完的吗？她却说“没有啊，我是一边吃东西一边看完的。“有时连她同桌都忍不住问她，你除了吃还会干神马？

有时她也会像一个大姐姐辅导我的功课，在我肚子疼时去医务室给我买药，会提醒我不要吃凉的东西。

她的文章和她一样淡淡的，却给人带来不自觉的温暖，发出淡淡的，柔和的，却不容忽视的光芒。

三、第三部分

1.彻底理解文章，推荐评价文章，读者对象设定为正在评估一些工具帮助他们更好学习的大学生。读者非商业人士。2.观点和事实必须来自给定的三分参考资料，不得超出范围及补充，可以裁减，忽略或加强文中的观点，但只要求总体平衡 3.文章重点应对Evernote可能存在的争议和未来发展的评述，帮助大学生作决定。无重点部分扣分 4.必须有清晰的思路，逻辑结构。顺序摘编观点不得分。5.要求文章400到700词，必须拟标题

2017专业科目一：翻译

一、编译题回忆：

1.一篇人工智能，一篇脱欧不仅英国惨别国也别得瑟„一篇老外赞美中国古代也有科技„一篇美选扯到大数据。

2.得英译汉是人工智能和英国脱欧，汉译英是李约瑟说中国古代不是没有科学还有量大数据公司是美国选举背后的推手~摘译题就是mac机和搭载windows系统的pc机应该给大学生推荐哪种~根据三份材料着重推荐一种，400-700字，不能顺序翻译原文什么的 3.编译给了3篇，总-分-分

1st是综合比较两家的用户界面，安全blabla的，2000字+，2nd是说用了win10以后再也不想用回苹果机1000字+, 3rd是苹果死忠粉的一篇1000字+ 4.英译汉大概是650左右，汉译英是五百多左右，编译题在3000词以上。