10月语言学概论真题及答案_语言学概论真题及答案

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1.Symbols can be divided into two types: ______ symbols and ______ symbols.2.The goal of ______ linguistics is to establish a model that describes the rules of one particular language.3.______ plosives appear before or after front vowels while ______ plosives occur in other situations.The term “natural claes of sounds” has one advantages: phonological rules constructed can be of higher ______.The morphemes that can stand alone as individual words are called ______.People can study sentences in two different ways.If we make structural descriptions of sentences to illustrate the parts of sentences and the relationships among them, it is called ______ study.According to Chomsky’s TG Grammar, in the proce of generating sentences, we start with ______ structures and then transform them into ______ structures.______ is the science that deals with the sound system.()A.Phonetics B.Morphology C.Phonology D.Semantics The oral consonants are different from the nasal consonants in terms of ________.()the position of the velum

the place of articulation the presence or absence of vocal-cord vibration the manner of articulation ______ is generally regarded as the founder of modern linguistics.()A.Fillmore B.Sauure C.Chomsky D.Lyons

A native speaker usually poees four types of knowledge about his own language.______ knowledge is a native speaker’s intuition about the sounds and sound patterns of his language.()A.Semantic

B.Syntactic

C.Morphological

D.Phonological

Phonetics has three sub-branches.______ phonetics is concerned with how a sound is produced by the vocal organs.A.Articulatory B.Acoustic C.Auditory D.Visual Dentals are sounds ______.()produced by both lips

produced by the contact between the upper teeth and the lower lip made with the tip of the tongue behind the upper front teeth or with the tongue tip between the upper and lower teeth articulated by raising the tip or the blade of the tongue to the alveolar ridge A phoneme is defined as ______.()a minimal meaningful unit in the grammatical system of a language a minimal distinctive unit in the grammatical system of a language a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a language a minimal meaningful unit in the lexical system of a language Distinctive features are used describe ______, while phonetic features are used to describe their ______()A.phonemes … allophones B.morphemes … allomorphs C.allophones … phones D.allomorphs … morphs

If ______, then they are said to be in contrastive distribution.()two sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for the other does not cause a change of meaning two sounds can occur in the same environment and the substitution of one sound for the other causes a change of meaning two sounds can never occur in the same environment two sounds can occur in contrastive environments The root morphemes are ______.()lexically dependent on roots and do not convey the fundamental meanings of words the most important parts of words that carry the principal meanings those that can stand by themselves as individual words never found alone as words, but are always joined with other morphemes If two sounds are ________, they are said to be allophones of the same phoneme.()in contrastive distribution and also phonetically similar sometimes in free variation in contrastive distribution phonetically similar and also in complementary distribution If two or more morphs are semantically identical and also in ______, they are said to be allomorphs of the same morpheme.()A.complementary distribution B.contrastive distribution C.free variation D.contradictory distribution Clipping refers to the proce in which ______.()a compound is made by blending parts of two words words are formed by putting the initial letters of several words together a word is shortened without a change in the meaning or in the part of speech new words are created simply by changing their parts of speech The ______ relation is a kind of relation between linguistic forms in a sentence and linguistic forms outside the sentence.()A.syntagmatic B.sequential C.hierarchical D.paradigmatic In a hierarchical structure diagram of a sentence, ______ are the ultimate constituents of the sentence.（）the forms which are always present on the right side of a phrase structure rule the forms at the word-level the forms at the word-level and the phrase-level the forms connected by the two lines that are branching from the same point According to TG Grammar, in the deep structure, verbs always take the ______ form.()A.base B.present C.past D.present participle The sound ______ is a voiced post-alveolar affricate.()A.[tr]

B.[

] C.[

] D.[dr] The same phrase or sentence may have two or more interpretations depending on the hierarchical arrangement of its constituents.Such a case is called ______.()A.lexical

B.grammatical C.structural

D.syntactic According to Chomsky’s TG Grammar, the static study of sentences ______, but the dynamic study of sentences ______.()deals with two levels of structure: both surface structure and deep structure … is only concerned with one level of structure, i.e.deep structure is only concerned with one level of structure, i.e.surface structure … deals with two levels of structure: both surface structure and deep structure is only concerned with one level of structure, i.e.deep structure … deals with two levels of structure: both surface structure and deep structure deals with two levels of structure: both surface structure and deep structure … is only concerned with one level of structure, i.e.surface structure A surface structure is different from a deep structure in that ______.()a deep structure is pronounceable but a surface structure is not a surface structure is relatively abstract but a deep structure is concrete a surface structure gives the meaning of a sentence but a deep structure gives the form of a sentence a surface structure corresponds most closely to the linear arrangement of words as they are pronounced while a deep structure corresponds most closely to the meaningful grouping of words

To generate the deep structure of an English sentence, we always start with the rule: ______.()A.S(NP VP

B.S(NP AUX VP C.NP(Det AP N

D.VP(V NP ______ is an obligatory T-rule.()A.T-Paive B.T-Negation C.T-Imperative

D.T-Affix The sound [v] is ________.()A.a voiced labio-dental fricative B.a voicele dental fricative C.a voiced alveolar fricative

D.a voicele alveo-palatal fricative The front vowels are different from the back vowels in terms of ________.()A.the shape of the lips

B.the tongue position C.the state of the soft palate D.the tension of the muscles of pharynx The sound [e] is ______ vowel.()A.a nasal front low unrounded

B.a nasal mid back unrounded C.an oral high back rounded

D.an oral front mid unrounded 得分

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Chinese linguistics is a kind of general linguistics.______ All sounds produced by human speech organs are linguistic symbols.______ The sound [u] may be marked with [+high], [-low], [-front], [+back], [+rounded] and [-tense].______ Bilabials are different from alveolars in terms of place of articulation.______ Only short vowels /i/, //, // and // can precede final //.______ Phones are the realizations of a specific phoneme.______ A morpheme is a minimal distinctive unit in the sound system of a language.______ IC analysis is arbitrary segmentation.______ If the words or phrases in a sentence can be replaced by words and phrases outside the sentence and the resulting sentence is still grammatical, then we say the replacing forms and replaced forms have paradigmatic relations.______ Statically, we examine the proce by which sentences are generated by syntactic rules.______ The substitutional relation refers to the linear ordering of the words and the phrases within a sentence.______ To generate the deep structure of an English sentence, we always start with the rule: S(NP AUX VP.______ The constituent which may be present or absent on the right side of the arrow in a PS rule is called a compulsory constituent.______ In the transformational rule T-Affix, the term “affix” refers to the affixes of main verbs.______ T-Paive must be applied before T-Yes/No question.______ 得分

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What are the five sub-branches of linguistics? Define them respectively.（7%）得分

What is the difference between segmental features and suprasegmental features? And what are the suprasegmental features in English?(6%)得分

Explain the term Labeled IC Analysis.(7%)得分

得分

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Write the symbol that corresponds to each of the following phonetic descriptions:(6%)a voicele palatal plosive

______ a low back rounded lax vowel ______ a central liquid

_____ a high back rounded tense vowel ______ 得分

Change the following phonemic transcriptions into phonetic transcriptions:(8%)/wi:k/

____________ /`kkteil/

____________ /milt/

____________ /`kmft bl/

____________ 得分

Divide the following words into separate morphemes by placing a “+” between each morpheme and the next:(7%)Example: bookshelf = book + shelf endearment = ____________ basically = ____________ phoneme = ____________ unhappily = ____________ television = ____________ sputnik = ____________ unsuccefully = ______ 得分

Draw the deep structure phrase marker and apply neceary transformational rules to generate the following sentence:(9%)Has the car been repaired?

得分

2006年（下）江苏省高等教育自学考试 27037语言学概论试卷答案

I.（每空1分，共10分）本项为填空题，拼写错误、大小写错误、单复数错误均不得分！

visual … auditory（本题每空1分，两空顺序不限）descriptive Palatal … velar（本题每空1分，两空顺序不可颠倒）generality free morphemes static deep … surface（本题每空1分，两空顺序不可颠倒，若两空写成同一个词，两空均不得分）II.（每题1分，共25分）– 10: CAB 11 – 15: DACCA 16 – 20: BBDAC 21 – 25: DBADC 26 – 30: BDBDA 31 – 32: BD III.（每题1分，共15分）

– 35: FFT

– 40: TTFTF 41 – 45: TFFTF 46 – 47: FT IV.（共20分）

Linguistics has five sub-branches: phonetics, phonology, morphology, syntax and semantics.（2分）

Phonetics is the study of speech sounds of all human languages.（1分）Phonology is the science that deals with the sound system of a language.（1分）Morphology examines word formation and the internal structure of words.（1分）Syntax is concerned with how words are combined to form phrases and how phrases are combined by rules to form sentences.（1分）Semantics is the study of the meaning or words and sentences.（1分）

The distinctive features which can only have an effect on one sound segment are called segmental features.（2分）The distinctive features that can affect more than one sound segment and can also contrast meaning are called suprasegmental features.（2分）There are three kinds of them in English: stre, intonation, and juncture.（2分）

By IC Analysis, we mean that we divide the morphemes of a word or the words of a sentence into two groups and then divide each group into subgroups, and so on, until we reach single morphemes of the word or single words of the sentence.（4分）Some linguists have modified IC Analysis by labeling each constituent with a syntactic category.The revised method is called Labeled IC Analysis.(3分)V.（共30分）51.（共6分）

[c] [ ][r] [u:]

52.（共8分）

[wi:c] or [wi:c﹁] [`kh﹁tei l ] [mi l t] or [mi l t﹁] [`ch

ftb l ]

53.（共7分）

endearment = en + dear + ment basically = bas + ical + ly phoneme = phon + eme unhappily = un + happi + ly television = tele + vis + ion sputnik = sputnik unsuccefully = un + succe + ful + ly 54.（共9分）

AUX

N Tense

Perf

Someone Present

have-EN

The car

Present have-EN

+ be-EN repair

Present have the car EN be-EN repair

Have Present

be EN repair EN Has been

repaired