长城的历史及居庸关、八达岭长城。_关于八达岭长城的故事

长城的历史及居庸关、八达岭长城。由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“关于八达岭长城的故事”。

导游词：长城英文(仅供参考)

题一：长城的历史及居庸关、八达岭长城。

The great wall is one of the most famous ancient construction wonders in the world.For many centuries, the great wall kept out the invading troops of the northern nomadic tribes.The construction of the great wall first began in the 7th century BC.After that it was spring and autumn period.The first section of the wall was built by kingdom qi and kingdom chu.Starting from the spring and autumn period, the frequent wars intensified until the warring state period.After series of annexations, seven states became the most power states, called “seven powers in the warring state period”.In order to defend themselves against the infringing enemy from the neighboring states , all the kingdoms had high walls around their own territories for self-protection.The there states of Qin ,Zhao , Yan had the high walls and fortrees built along their northern frontiers as defensive projects.These high walls were the primitive type of the present day great wall.In Chinese history, large-scale construction of the great wall were carried out in 3 dynasties;they were qin, han and ming dynasties.The wall began to be called the great wall in the time of qin shihuang, the first emperor of the qin dynasty.In 221BC, qin shihuang established the first centralized feudal country, and he gave himself the title: the first emperor of the qin dynasty.Because he paid more attention to military affairs, he decided to link up all the separate sections of high wall into the great wall to ward off the harament by the Huns.The linking work took 10 years to finish.About 300,000 solders and one million people were involved in the project.When it was finished, the total length of the great wall was over 5000 kilometers long, so in Chinese we call it: ten thousand li long wall.(The qin great wall stared from lintao to liaodong, from west to east.)

The Large-scale construction of the great wall was continuously built during the reign of the emperor WU DI in the han dynasty.Apart from maintaining and utilizing the qin great wall, they built an outer great wall and extended the great wall for another 5000 kilometers.The han great wall was altogether(started from the liaodong peninsula to xinjiang with a total length of)10,000 kilometers.The last large-scale project on the great wall was carried out in the ming dynasty.The whole project of the ming great wall took almost 200years to complete, and there were 18 large-scale constructions of the great wall in the ming dynasty.After that, the total length of the ming great wall was more than 7000 kilometers(from Yalu river in liaoning province to Jiayuguan pa in Gansu province.)

As we all know one of the most famous sections of the great wall is badaling great wall, next, let me give you an introduction of the badaling great wall.The badaling great wall is about 75 kilometers northweat of Beijing, and it is the best preserved part of great wall.Bada means: convenient transportation to all directions.From here, people can go to all directions, hence the name of badaling.The great wall at badaling averages 7.8 meters high, 6.5 meters wide at its base, and 5.8 meters on the top, wide enough for five horses or ten soldiers walking abreast on the wall.The badaling section has one side with battlements and the parapet is on the other side.The side with the battlements is about 2 meters high, and the parapet is 1 meter high.The battlement is the outer side of the great wall with a square sized hole below for shooting arrows and also for keeping watching over the enemy.The parapet is on the inner side.There are four characters inscribed on the eastern pa of badaling: juyongwaizhen.It means there was another strategic town outside the juyong pa.And there is another inscription on the western pa: beimensuoyue.It means a key to the north gate.Mentioning juyongwaizhen, we have to talk about juyongguan pa.Juyongguan pa is located 50 kilometers northwest Beijing.There was a 20 kilometers long valley called “guangou valley” from south to north, there were 4 paes along the valley Juyongguan pa was one of the important paes along the valley, and also one of the most famous paes of the great wall.it was built in a gap between two mountain peaks with only one road leading to Beijing.This determined its military significance in ancient times through many dynasties.(The name juyong in Chinese means: a place of labor.According to historical records, emperor qin shihuang forced many conscripts to build this part of the great wall.)

Inside juyong pa, there is an ancient marble platform known as cloud terrace.it was built during the yuan dynasty.The cloud terrace’s artistic value was embodied in the marvelous carvings in relief In the middle edge of the archway, there is a carving of a “golden winged bird” arranged in a symmetrical pattern.Inside the arched paage of the cloud terrace, there are Buddhist images carved in relief.There are also Buddhist scriptures inscribed on the stone wall in Sanskrit, Tibetan, basiba, xixia, Uygyr and han languages.Today on the way to badaling great wall, we can see a railway running by the badaling expreway.It is the famous railway Beijing-zhangjiakou railway.The railway is very famous in china because it was the first railway designed and constructed by Chinese itself.Its chief designer was zhantianyou , a famous railway engineer in china.Zhantianyou was born in Guangdong province during the qing dynasty.At the age of 12, after he completed the qualifying examination, the government sent him with other 29 children of his age to America.Then he entered Yale university in the civil engineering department, he majored in civil and railway engineering.In 1905, the qing government appointed him as the chief engineer for designing and building the Beijing-zhangjiakou railway.After repeatedly prospecting, finally he succeeded in overcoming the gradient problems by switching the rail line back and forth, and then he designed an ideal route.He used two engines on the train.One locomotive was used for pulling the train at the head, and another one was used for pushing the train at the back.At the same time, he designed a railway of zigzag-shaped turns in order to make it easier to change direction.In this way, zhantianyou succeeded in making the train climb up the steep slope at badaling, and reach the peak easily.The railway was completed in 1909, two years ahead of time.It added a brilliant page of the Chinese Railway Construction in the history.After my introduction, I am sure you will have a better understanding about the Great Wall.I hope you will enjoy your proce of climbing the Great Wall.Thank you.(on the front site of the edge around the archway and the stone walls inside the arched gate.)

(with the carvings of elephants, dragons, snakes and plants with curved leaves)

(The images of the four heavenly kings, the Buddha of ten directions and 1000 buddha statues were all carved on the wall.)(The stone inscriptions of Buddhist sutra, and a record in eulogy of the merits for building the pagoda, were done in the building of the pagodas).