论《飘》中斯嘉丽的婚姻观(毕业论文)_论斯佳丽的婚姻爱情观
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北 京 理 工 大 学
毕业设计(论文)
论《飘》中斯嘉丽的婚姻观
Scarlett’s View of Marriage in Gone with the Wind
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08 级(2011
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题
目:论《飘》中斯嘉丽的婚姻观
专题题目(若无专题则不填):
原始依据(包括设计(论文)的工作基础、研究条件、应用环境、工作目的等): 玛格丽特.米契尔(Margaret Mitchell)的巨作《飘》展现了美国南北战争时期南方*的社会现实,以女主人公斯嘉丽为主线,描写了几对青年的爱情纠葛。作品一问世就引起了广大读者和评论家的极大关注。其中有些评论家对女主人公斯佳丽的婚姻观进行了评述。在《性别研究》——浅谈斯佳丽的婚姻悲剧中,作者分析了文学名著《飘》中的女主人公斯佳丽的悲剧婚姻。陈煜强在《斯嘉丽的婚姻观:马斯洛“需要理论”解读》中运用了马斯洛的‘需要理论'分析了斯嘉丽在不同的时期所确定的不同层次的需要,只要谁能满足她的需要,她就要委任以婚姻来保障她的需要能够得到较好地满足。由此我们可以看出《飘》中的女主人公斯佳丽展示了人性的某些真实特性,这些内容值得我们去研究和探讨。我们可以透过斯嘉丽每次婚姻的背景、特点,来看当时的历史,了解十九世纪的美国,了解美国女性主义的形成过程,也可通过研究斯嘉丽的爱情,树立正确的爱情观,以免后人再重蹈覆辙 主要内容和要求:(包括设计(研究)内容、主要指标与技术参数,并根据课题性质对学生提出具体要求):
玛格丽特·米切尔的小说《飘》中的主人公斯嘉丽是一个天生丽质,性格要强,勇于面对困难的女人,在经历了人生的跌宕起伏后,仍然能够坚强的面对人生,扛起整个家庭的重担。她出生于十九世纪中期,生活在美国南部佐治亚州一个富裕的庄园主家庭,她的母亲是优雅端庄的法国海滨贵族,父亲是粗狂豪爽的法兰西人,他们一个有着豪爽仗义的爱尔兰农民精明朴实的血统,一个有着极富教养的法国海滨贵族血统,斯佳丽就是这两种血统的交汇。加上其生活的佐治亚州是美国南方一个开化较晚、不拘礼仪的地区,那里有着独特的历史人文背景,孕育了一代具有极为浓厚的“南方性”情节的人们,这样的环境为斯佳丽性格的形成提供了自由的空间。于是特殊的家庭和特殊的社会环境造就了其特殊的性格--水一般的温柔与火一样的热烈,这种性格使其对爱情有着特殊的理解,既勇于追求爱情,又把爱情当做生活的交换条件。为了生活,她自由的穿梭于各色男人之间,却忽略了自己内心的真实感情,所以她的婚姻不是建立在爱情上的,每一次婚姻都是为了满足的她的不同需要,虽然最后她重建了塔拉庄园,得到了自己梦寐以求的金钱、地位,却失去了最宝贵的爱情。日程安排:
2010年7月至9月:搜集相关资料,对资料进行汇总 2010年9月至11月:完成开题报告 2010年11月至2011年1月:完成初稿 2011年1月至3月:论文修改
2011年3月:论文答辩
主要参考文献和书目:
[1] 牛冀莲.战争中的铿锵玫瑰—从女性主义角度看《乱世佳人》中斯佳丽的形象[J].黑龙江大学学报,2009,5.[2] 马佳瑛.多重性格的结合体—浅析[J].西安翻译学院学报,2010,4 [3] 韩艳莉.郝佳丽:“逝”不去的梦和人—论中郝佳丽的女性主义意识[J].南昌高专学报, 2008,4 [4] 丁芸.思嘉精神及其形象和审美价值[J].浙江大学报(社会科学版), 1990,3 [5] 陈煜强.斯嘉丽的婚姻观.马斯诺“需要理论”解读 [M] 云南师范大学外语学院 2007年
[6] 杨云 试论《乱世佳人》中郝思嘉的艺术形象[J].大同职业技术学院学报,2004,9 [7] Dong Hengxun.The History of American Literature.Beijing:People Literature Pre,2003 [8] Guo Yuanzhong.―On Tendency of Ideology in Gone with the Wind.‖ Henan Teachers
University.2005, 4:123-124.[9] He Yuanyuan.―Gone with the Wind Will Never Gone with the Wind.‖ Hunan Metullurgical
Profeional Technology College 2006, 3: 377-379.[10] Hu Guoxian.―A Dream of America-A Real Story about Scarlett‖.Guangxi University
Wuzhou Branch 2005, 2: 52-55.[11] Jing Xinmei.―On Feminism in Gone with the Wind.‖ School of Foreign languages.Nanjing
Normal University 2005, 2: 76-80.[12] Li Yanbo.―A Study about the Rebellion in Scarlett’s Character.‖ Journal of Mudan Teachers
University 2005, 2: 13-14 [13] Mitchell, Margaret.Gone with the Wind.Yili:Yili People Pre,2001
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Abstract
Margaret Mitchell’s novel Gone with the Wind is based on the civil war which happened in the united states.In that period, the situation of society was turbulent and unrest.It described a few youth’ love imbroglio around the heroine Scarlett.Scarlett was born in the mid-nineteenth century, living in a wealthy family plantation owner in the southern Georgia.On one hand, she has kinds of good quality, quite, good-hearted, full of ability like her mother Aland-a French seaside noble, but on the other hand, she is ruggedly gracious like her father-a Frenchman.She has courage to pursue love, but also regards love as a life of an exchange.She can shuttle freely in all kinds of men, but neglects her own heart’s feelings, so her marriage is not based on love, just for satisfying her need.In retaliation for Ashley, she married Charles, in order to live, she married Frank, and in order to satisfy the vanity, she married Rhett.Eventually, she got the money, position which she was dying for, rebuilt the Tara manor, but she lost the most precious thing-love.But she is a strong girl, dare to face any difficulties after experiencing the ups and downs of life, and raise the whole family.After reading her marriage story, we can understand the American culture in the nineteenth century and know American feminist forming proce.What’s more, we can establish the correct view of love through the research of her love, lest posterity to repeat.Key words: Scarlett;Love;Life;Marriage
摘要
玛格丽特.米契尔(Margaret Mitchell)的巨作《飘》展现了美国南北战争时期南方*的社会现实,以女主人公斯嘉丽为主线,描写了几对青年的爱情纠葛。故事的女主人公斯嘉丽出生于十九世纪中期,生活在美国南方开化较晚、不拘礼仪的佐治亚州,那里有着独特的历史人文背景,孕育了一代具有极为浓厚的“南方性”情节的人们,这样的环境为斯佳丽性格的形成提供了自由的空间。于是特殊的家庭和特殊的社会环境造就了其特殊的性格--水一般的温柔与火一样的热烈,这种性格使其对爱情有着特殊的理解,既勇于追求爱情,又把爱情当做生活的交换条件,每一次婚姻都是为了满足她的不同需要。为了报复艾希礼,她嫁给了查尔斯,为了生活,她嫁给了弗兰克,为了满足虚荣心,她嫁给了瑞德。虽然最后她得到了自己梦寐以求的金钱、地位,重建了塔拉庄园,却失去了最宝贵的爱情。我们可以透过斯嘉丽每次婚姻的背景、特点,来看当时的历史,了解十九世纪的美国,了解美国女性主义的形成过程,也可通过研究斯嘉丽的爱情,树立正确的爱情观,以免后人再重蹈覆辙。
关键词:斯嘉丽;爱情;生活;婚姻
Contents
Abstract I.Introduction...........................................................................................1 II.Scarlett’s Living Background.............................................................1 III.Scarlett’s Marriage............................................................................2 3.1 Scarlett’s First Marriage...................................................................................2 3.1.1 Background of Scarlett’s first marriage.........................................................2 3.1.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s first marriage..............................................2 3.1.3 The result of Scarlett’s first marriage............................................................3 3.2 Scarlett’s Second Marriage...............................................................................3 3.2.1 Background of Scarlett’s second marriage....................................................3 3.2.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s second marriage.........................................3 3.2.3 The result of Scarlett’s second marriage.......................................................4 3.3 Scarlett’s Third Marriage..................................................................................4 3.3.1 Background of Scarlett’s third marriage.......................................................4 3.3.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s third marriage.............................................4 3.3.3 The result of Scarlett’s third marriage...........................................................5 3.3.4 Set up the correct love view..........................................................................5 IV.Conclusion...........................................................................................6 Bibliography Acknowledgement
目 录
摘要
第一章 引言..............................................................................................1 第二章 斯嘉丽的生活背景......................................................................1 第三章 斯嘉丽的婚姻..............................................................................2
3.1斯嘉丽的第一次婚姻...............................................................................................2 3.1.1斯嘉丽第一次婚姻的背景.........................................................................2 3.1.2斯嘉丽第一次婚姻的特点.........................................................................2 3.1.3斯嘉丽第一次婚姻的结果.........................................................................3 3.2斯嘉丽的第二次婚姻.........................................................................................3 3.2.1斯嘉丽第二次婚姻的背景.........................................................................3 3.2.2斯嘉丽第二次婚姻的特点.........................................................................3 3.2.3斯嘉丽第二次婚姻的结果.........................................................................4 3.3斯嘉丽的第三次婚姻.........................................................................................4 3.3.1斯嘉丽第三次婚姻的背景.........................................................................4 3.3.2斯嘉丽第三次婚姻的特点.........................................................................4 3.3.3斯嘉丽第三次婚姻的结果.........................................................................5 3.3.4树立正确的爱情观.....................................................................................5
第四章 结束语..........................................................................................6 致谢 参考文献
江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
I.Introduction The novel ―Gone With The Wind‖ written by American writer Margaret Mitchell shocked me deeply, and she finished this great work with one billion words in 1936.The story started from April, 1861, spanning 12 years, and the background was US Civil War.The writer not only created a myth, but also shows her own personal charm to the world.Heroine Scarlett is a simple but very complex figure.On the surface she has kinds of good quality, quite, good-hearted, and full of ability like her mother Aland, but the vast majority of cases, the restle temperament to her behavior.She’s so beautiful that almost all the young men in the book are tempted by her.She seems to have become accustomed to dealing within these young men, like a cold hot fire but locked of love to blame, which almost makes many men crazy.She has strong cravings in all the good things, and she wants to take away the entire boy's heart.At first, Scarlett is like a proud, attractive prince.She tends to conquer the entire world and seize all the happine.She loves Ashley very much though she doesn’t know him at all.Being angry, she gets married with Charles Hamilton who is Ashley’s wife’s brother.Unfortunately, Hamilton dies in the war and Scarlett becomes a widow.But the war destroys her life and makes her back to her motherland.Although she is strong and brave to make a living in the wartime, it’s not enough.In order to protect her families and industries, she gets married with Frank Kennedy who is Scarlett’s sister’s finance.After Kennedy’s death, she finally marries Rhett Butler who really loved her very much.However, Scarlett still loved Ashley from the bottom of the heart.But she never tries to know Rhett.She continues to pursue the unreal love towards Ashley.Until Melanie died did she know that Rhett is the only person who really loved her.But it’s too late.Rhett determined to leave her without hesitation.In the end, Scarlett had to tell herself that tomorrow is another day.From the story, we can see that Scarlett’s special spirit leads her special experiences and life.II.Scarlett’s Living Background
Before the war, she lives in the traditional and conservative plantation and the life style forms her plantation master’s character of loving land than anything else in the world and her rebellious character spontaneously.And Scarlett who is his first daughter gains much more love from her father, Gerald, and is impreed le than anyone else by his tempers and his roaring.Gerald had drifted it onto a habit of treating her in a man-to-man manner.[13] Naturally, Scarlett forms a particular
江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
character.We can say Scarlett’s father gives her brisk and restle vitality and dauntle quality.When Scarlett was a child, she had confused her mother with the Virgin Mary.As far black as Scarlett could remember, her mother had always been the same, her voice soft and sweet whether in praising or in reproving, and her manner efficient and unruffled.To her, Ellen represents the utter security that only Heaven or mother can give [13].She learns kindne, firmne and strong faith from Ellen.When Scarlett must face with all kinds of troubles, the love for Ellen gives her courage.The American Civil War was one of the most violent times in the History of the United States.Scarlett’s character matures in the war.She has experienced so many things.She leads an extremely poor life during and after the war, and that abominable environment molds her character to confront the reality bravely and her independence and selfishne to overcome difficulties.The rich life experience before war;the unstable life during the war and the extremely poor life after war provide the foundation to form the character of Scarlett.And thus in such environment, Scarlett’s character can be complicated.But the unforeseen events make her become destitute, homele and poverty-stricken suddenly.III.Scarlett’s Marriage
3.1 Scarlett’s First Marriage
3.1.1 Background of Scarlett’s first marriage
It’s an unprepared marriage, it happened in a ignorant situation.To pursue the attachment that she carves for, unexpectedly, Scarlett decides to confe to Ashley audaciously at the barbecue and elope with him [12].Her exaggerated performance doesn’t work on Rhett Ashley Wilkes, and makes completely different effects.Scarlett can’t grasp the heart of Ashley Wilkes.What’s more, Rhett butler knows the relationship about them, and saw the scene when Scarlett told Ashley she loved him, and wanted to marry him, so she felt embarraed and hated both of them.Scarlett’s hasty makes her pay a great price!After being refused by Ashley, Scarlett transfers all the emotions including love, anger and vanity to Charles who becomes her first husband.[7]
3.1.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s first marriage
At that time, she is just a willful child;consequences and responsibility don’t seem to have relations to her.Soon after the war broke out, Charles die, Scarlett become a widow.According to the traditions among the Southerners, a widow had to
江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
wear hideous black drees without even a touch of braid to enliven them, no flower or ribbon or lace or even jewelers, except onyx mourning brooches or necklaces made from the deceased’s hair.And the black crepe veil on her bonnet had to reach to her knees, and only after three years of widowhood could it be shortened to shoulder length.The widows could never chatter vivaciously or laugh aloud.Even when they smiled, it must be a sad, tragic smile.And, most dreadful of all, they could in no way indicate an interest in her;she must freeze him with a dignified but well-chosen reference to her dead husband.For Scarlett, widow might as well as be dead [13].Due to her rebellious character, the ―moral standard‖ doesn’t work on her, she even can’t cry for Charles, but keep widow life away from plain and boring.For Scarlett, widow might as well as be dead.So she continues to show her own charm and still attracts a lot of men again.She behaved as she had behaved before her marriage—went to parties, danced, went riding with soldiers, flirted, did everything she had done as a girl.[13]
However, war has changed Scarlett, the inward spirit in Scarlett burst.She took courage to take a baby for Melanie by herself.In order to get away from the war, she carried Melanie and the baby to her motherland.But her family changed.Her mother died and her father became crazy.Unavoidably, she became the bread winner in the family.She kills the Northern soldiers at the critical moment, and creates an extreme poverty.It all reflects her strong, courage, indomitable.3.1.3 The result of Scarlett’s first marriage
It’s a completely failing marriage.Scarlett and Charles Hamilton didn’t gain anything from the marriage, and they didn’t feel happy.Scarlett utilizes Charles to fulfill her selfishne.She never treated Charles as her husband.She married with him, because it makes her feel more close to Ashley.If Charles didn’t die in the war, they will divorce someday, because there is no love between them.3.2 Scarlett’s Second Marriage
3.2.1 Background of Scarlett’s second marriage
After her returning Tara for the first time her manor Tara is looted, What’s more, her mother has been dead, father has been dull-witted, two sisters are both ill and the slaves have run away.Since then Scarlett struggles for living.She should rebuild Tara so that her family and she can survive [8].When Scarlett says why the stomach had a longer memory than the mind [13], people will understand how poor they are, but she move on and support the whole family.To pay the tax money – three hundred dollars for Tara, she married her sister’s fiancé Frank who has enough money to save Tara
江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
after failing in borrowing from Rhett Butler.Besides, this causes her no qualm of conscience For living, Scarlett becomes selfish and speculative.She realizes the importance of money and believes that only money can give her safety in the world.3.2.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s second marriage Scarlett is a beautiful, coquettish southern belle brought up on the Georgia plantation of Tara before the American Civil War [7].After the Civil War, Scarlett has to face the troubles alone while she is also tired and hungry.She helps Melanie to deliver a child and drives a carriage transporting a lying-in woman, two children and a stupid maidservant [10].So in her second marriage she doesn’t perform as a good wife or a mother all the same.She manages a shop of Frank and a mill regardle of her husband’s diuasion and others’ criticisms [7].Even when she is pregnant she also appears in public.Already people were criticizing her for appearing in public when she was in such a condition [9].No lady ever showed herself when she was pregnant.While doing busine, Scarlett is an expert.She always tries her best to pretend herself.She could upon occasion look so helple and appealing that she melted hearts and sells a poor grade of lumber for the price of good lumber, even pushes her competitions’ lumber for busine and money.Until now we can see that Scarlett does busine by hook or by crook almost.In short, the selfishne and speculation are described incisively and vividly.3.2.3 The result of Scarlett’s second marriage
Scarlett treat this marriage as a deal, and she never love Frank or even care about him, Frank is a poor man, he never know he was treated by Scarlett and lose his true love until he was dead.3.3 Scarlett’s third marriage 3.3.1 Background of Scarlett’s third marriage
Not long after her second husband’s death, she marries Rhett for her third marriage.She marries him for the consideration that she will never have to bother about money again and never to worry about money again, and that Tara was safe, the family was fed and clothed, she would be safe.She marries him all because Rhett can Satisfied her, not for love.3.3.2 The characteristics of Scarlett’s third marriage
Scarlett is alike Rhett very much, they are all selfish and they will try all means to achieve their goals.They seem to be made for each other.In fact, Scarlett has already trusted in him and depended on him when she affiliates with him, but she doesn’t realize her love to him.Rhett to Scarlett, in the final scene: “You were such a child,江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
my dear, I wanted to marry you and protect you”.Rhett is such a man who can understands Scarlett and a man who has the ability to offer her support and help.He asks her to ignore the social conventions and encourages her to start her own busine with the money given by him.He wants Scarlett to forget Ashley, but after long efforts he still cannot change her love and let her accept and understand his love for her which made he feel frustrated and tired.Scarlett’s fancy about Ashley slowly fades in the course of time, and she finally realizes that the man she loves is not real but an illusion.3.3.3 The result of Scarlett’s third marriage
In the past years she has ignored and refused Rhett’s love.In fact the real man who loves her, understands her, and always helps her is Rhett.It is Rhett who helps her out of the bondage of mourning, who saves her through the fire and explosions;who comforts her when she wakes up from the horrible nightmare.No man does such things without deep love in his heart.Scarlett realizes her feelings at last.However when she wants to tell him she loves him and she wants to restore their love, it becomes too late.The tragedy has taken place.Her daughter has died, and Rhett is tired and decides to leave her.What Scarlett loses is not only her love but also her soul, although she owns much in terms of materials comforts.However, Scarlett is determined enough to handle the difficulties by thinking ―tomorrow is another day‖ and ―things always look better in the morning‖.In her mind, tomorrow will be new and different.So she wants to return to her homeland, where she thinks she can find the source of her strength, and by building a bright ―tomorrow‖, she can win Rhett’s love back.3.3.4 Set up the correct love view Love is patient, love is kind.It does not envy, it does not boast, it is not proud.It is not rude, it is not self-seeking, it is not easily angered, and it keeps no record of wrongs.Love does not delight in evil but rejoices with the truth.It always protects, always trusts, always hopes, and always perseveres.Love is a choice, it’s a commitment.Bible says that God is love.God, as our designer and creator, made us with needs for love.Do you ever wonder why we constantly seek love from others but never feel completely satisfied? It’s because God designed us for an unconditional love, and we, as people, are flawed.Therefore, we should learn to love the one who loved us.Scarlett’s father believes that the best marriages should be arranged by the parents for the girl.Marrying one of the twins and then the plantations will build you
江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
a fine house, right where they join, in that big pine grove.Scarlett thinks that her father only deals with the questions from real profit, not from the feeling about love of her, so she refuses it.But she never regards marriage as a serious matter just treats it as a game, and she marries with the men she doesn’t love just because she wants to resolve living problems.It is widely accepted by most of people that love is the foundation of marriage.Unfortunately Scarlett never understands what love and marriage mean though she has experienced marriage three times.She somewhat thinks that marriage can be separated from love, which proves that she is a character full of contradiction and complexity.However, she knows what she really want, and have the courage to pursue it though sometimes she is wrong.IV.Conclusion
There are many aspects that have deep effects on the shaping of Scarlett’s character, among which the triangular love between Scarlett, Ashley and Rhett is a distinct one.Scarlett fell in love with Ashley blindly, which shows her immaturity because Ashley is a man who still lives in the past even after the death of Melanie and can’t face the reality.His cowardice and decadence cannot match Scarlett’s bravery and unyieldingne.She is bruised by Ashley’s refusal several times.When Scarlett realizes that Ashley is not the man she wants, she turns to Rhett, showing her realistic character.Rhett always loves her and supports her though Scarlett holds the man in utter contempt.But Rhett tolerates Scarlett’s bad manners towards him and waits for Scarlett’s love.Under the tolerance of Rhett, she shows her rebellion, her vanity and selfishne.She can’t realize her true feeling and she avoids facing the reality of the spirit.Until her dream for Ashley is broken and Rhett’s patience is exhausted, she realizes the value of Rhett.But it is too late because Rhett decides to leave Scarlett in an extremity of pain.Scarlett always thinks of tomorrow and she has never been defeated by any difficulty, so it is better to see her not being blown down.She always encourages herself that ―Tomorrow is another day‖ and ―Things always look better in the morning.‖ She still believes that she can get Rhett back finally.As a woman, Scarlett is admired for her bravery and strong will.I am shocked by the indomitable spirit of Scarlett facing difficulties.To her, I really admire her.Scarlett is so brave that she can support the family in poor condition.She is sacrifice to her motherland that she tried her best to protect her.She can do farm work in spite of usual education.She can create her great busine in spite of other’s comment.At the end of the story, there is claic ending.―I won’t think of it,‖ she said again, aloud.―I’ll think of it all tomorrow, at Tara.Tomorrow, I’ll think of some way to get him
江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
back, After all, tomorrow is another day.‖ Standing on that land, she can’t forget the forever land.Tomorrow is willful.In our daily life, we should also have some sort of qualities.We must cherish any trivial happine instead of ignoring.When we face difficulties, we should be brave and confident.Tomorrow is another day!Though I didn’t admire her view of love, I love her.江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
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江西理工大学2011届专科生毕业论文
Aknowlegedment
First and foremost, I would like to show my deepest gratitude to my supervisor Hu danjuan, a respectable, responsible and resourceful scholar, who has provided me with valuable guidance in every stage of the writing of this thesis.Without her enlightening instruction, impreive kindne and patience, I could not have completed my thesis.Her keen and vigorous academic observation enlightens me not only in this thesis but also in my future study.I shall extend my thanks to Mrs.Cai for all her kindne and help.I would also like to thank all my teachers who have helped me to develop the fundamental and eential academic competence.My sincere appreciation also goes to the teachers and students from Jiangxi University of science and technology, who participated this study with great cooperation.Last but not least, I' d like to thank all my friends, especially my five lovely roommates, for their encouragement and support.