一般将来时_将来一般时

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【教学目标】一般将来时态和其他时态一样,也是英语学习中一个不可缺少的尤其重要的时态之一。因此,此课的目标是让同学们掌握一般将来时态的基本概念及其用法,可以正确运用一般将来时态。

【知识要点】一般将来时的用法 【教学内容】

一般将来时(The Simple Future tense)一般将来时表示将来某个时间要发生的动作或存在的状态,也表示将来经常或反复发生的动作,常与表示将来的时间状语连用。例如:tomorrow, tomorrow morning / afternoon …, the day after tomorrow , next year , next month … , from now on(从现在开始),in an hour(一小时后),in two days / weeks „等。一般将来时的表示方法有多种形式。

构成:(1)be going to + do

(2)will/shall + do

(3)be + doing(现在进行时表将来)

(4)be(about)to + do 1.be going to+do的用法

(1)这种结构表示主体现在的意图,即打算在最近或将来要做某事,主语通常指人。在被动结构中,主语也可指物,但动作的执行者仍然是人。例如:

A.What are you going to do next Sunday? 下星期天你打算干什么?

B.She’s going to be a teacher.她打算当一名教师。

C.The wall is going to be brushed white.这面墙将刷成白色。

(2)表示说话人根据已有的迹象认为很可能即将发生某事。这时主语既可指人也可指物,此结构往往表示客观事态的发展,而不是表示主观的意图。例如:

A.Look at these black clouds.—It’s going to rain.看这些乌云。天快要下雨了。

B.I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold.恐怕我要得重感冒。2.will / shall+do的用法

这种结构是表示将来的动作或状态。常伴有表示将来的时间状语。shall用于第一人称,will用于第二、三人称,但在现代英语中will可以通用于各种人称。在问句中shall常用于第一人称表示建议或征求对方意见。例如:

A.I shall write you a letter next month.我下个月给你写信。

B.I will go to my home town next week.我下周去老家。

C.Shall we go to the park? 我们去公园好吗?

注:be going to与will用法上的异同及比较说明:

(1)be going to与will都可用来表示即将发生的事情。前者多用于口语,后者常用于书面语和正式文告中。例如:

A.There’ll(=is going to)be a football match in our school next week.下周我校将举行(有)一场足球赛。

B.The American basketball team will arrive in Beijing tomorrow.美国篮球队明天将抵达北京。

(2)be going to 与will都可用来表示意图。

例如: I will(=am going to)climb the hill tomorrow.我将于明天去登山。

注:一般来说,“意图”是事先经过考虑的,用be going to表示;反之则用will。will还多用于对话中,即一方听了对方的话后所做出的反应。例如:

A.They’re going to meet at the school gate.他们打算在学校大门见面。

B.——Please bring me a cup of tea.请给我端杯茶来。

——I’ll do it in a minute.我马上就去(端)。

(3)be going to常含有“即将”之意;而will即可表示“即将”又可表示“较长时间后的未来”,或不表示任何特定的将来时间概念。例如:

A.We’re going to visit the factory.我们即将去参观那家工厂。

B.He’ll write a book one day.他有朝一日要写书。

C.The house will break down.那屋子(迟早)要倒塌。

(4)表示预测:“be going to”表示有发生某事的迹象;will则表示说话者认为或相信要发生某事。例如:

A.It’s very dark and cold.It’s going to snow.天很暗而且非常冷,要下雪了。

B.I’m sure he’ll be back in an hour.我确信他一小时后会回来。

(5)在表示“询问对方是否愿意”以及表示“客气的邀请”时,常用will。例如:

A.Will you lend me the book? 你能把那本书借给我吗?

B.Will you go there with us? 你能和我们一起去那儿吗?

3.be+to do的用法

这种结构着重指按计划或安排将要发生某事。常表示“职责、意图、约定、可能性”等。例如:

A.You are to be back by 11 o’clock.你必须11点回来。

B.We are to meet at the zoo.我们约定在动物园见面。

C.The football match is not to be played today.今天不能举行足球比赛了。

4.be about+to do的用法

这种结构表示“最近或马上要发生的动作”。例如:

A.The meeting is about to begin.会议马上开始。

B.Summer harvest is about to start.夏收即将开始。

5.be+v.ing 结构的用法

这种结构表示按计划即将发生的动作,用进行时形式表示将来的时间,但只适用于表示位置移动的动词。例如:go , come , leave , start , arrive , move , return , fly(乘飞机)等,并常伴有表示将来时间的状语以区别于进行时的动作。例如:

A.Where are you going this Saturday? 这个星期六你准备去哪儿?

B.The Greens are moving to another city the day after tomorrow.格林一家后天要搬迁到另一个城市。

C.Mr.Li is flying to Shanghai tomorrow morning.李先生明天早晨乘飞机去上海。

*一般将来时态的否定句式和一般疑问句式 1.“be going to+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将be的相应形式前移到句首,即“Are/Is/Am+主语+going to+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在be动词的相应形式后加not.如:

(1)They are going to play football this afternoon.(肯定句)

(2)Are they going to play football this afternoon?(一般疑问句)

(3)They are not going to play football this afternoon.(否定句)

2.“shall/will+动词原形”结构的一般疑问句是将shall或will前移到句首,即“Shall/Will+主语+动词原形+其它?”。其否定句是在shall或will后加not.如:

(1)Our teacher will come back very soon.(肯定句)

(2)Will our teacher come back very soon?(一般疑问句)

(3)Our teacher won’t come back very soon.(否定句)

【例题解析】

例1:(1)He will is(be)at school next Monday.(2)He is going to does(do)his homework after school.答案:1 bedo 解析:第一题有的同学一看he做主语就用了is,忽视了will后应加动词原形。我们在写句子时,很容易把动词丢掉,“英语句子里,动词不能少”的 规律必须要牢记。第二题中to后加动词原形,而不是用单三人称.。

例2:我正努力学习,准备参加英语考试。

I am studying hard and I will try for my English exams.答案:I am studying hard and I am going to try for my English exams.解析:“be going to” 表示计划、打算要做某事。E.g.He is going to visit his friends.还表示某种迹象表明会发生某事.E.g.Look at the clouds.It’s going to rain.而“Will+动词原形 ”指对将来事物的预见、表示意愿、决心。E.g.I will wait for you until you come.在单纯预测未来时,二者可以互换,但在此题中只能用be going to,而不能用will。

例3:There_________ a basketball match this afternoon.(B)A is going to be

B is going to have

C are going to be

D are going to have 答案:A 解析:There be结构的一般将来时既要符合There be结构,又要符合一般将来时。有的同学认为have当“有”讲,所以选了B,但There be结构就不成立了,此句中is是be going to中的,是由后边的单数名词决定的.例4:I’m going _______(go)school by bike tomorrow.(C)

A to will go

B to go to

C go to

D to go 答案:B

解析:由tomorrow可知是一般将来时,be going to +动词原形,所以先确定用to go , 在B、D当中选,而go to school 是固定词组,不能因为前边有一个to而省略,这是一个易错点,需要注意。

【随堂练习】

一、单选_____you ____a doctor when you grow up? A Will;going to be

B Are;going to be C Are;/

D Will;be 2 I don’t know if his uncle _____.I think he _____ if it doesn’t rain.A will come;comes

B will come;will come

C comes;comes

D comes;will come 3 He will be back _____a few minutes.A with

B for

C on

D in 4 What time _____we meet at the gate tomorrow? A will

B shall

C do

D are 5 He will have a holiday as soon as he _____the work next week.A finishes

B doesn’t finish

C will finish

D won’t finish 6 There _____ some showers this afternoon.A will be

B will have

C is going to be

D are going to have 7 It ____my brother’s birthday tomorrow.She _____a party.A is going to be;will have

B will be;is having

C will be;is going to have

D will have;is going to be 8 Li Ming is 10 years old now, next year he _____11.A is

B is going to be

C will be

D will to be 答案:1 B

2BDBAACC

二、填空-“I need some paper.”

-“I ____(bring)some for you.” 2 ____(be)you free tomorrow? 3 They _________(not leave)until you come back.4 _____we_____(go)to the party together this afternoon? 5 They want to know when the meeting _____start.6 I _____(go)with you if I have time.7 Hurry up!Or we ______(be)late.8 What ____you _______(do)tomorrow afternoon? 9 Jenny ____ _____(do)an experiment the day after tomorrow.10 If she isn’t free tomorrow, she _______(not take)part in the party.答案:will bringArewon’t leave

4Shall gowillwill gowill beare going to dowill dowon’t take

三、完成句子。

1.我打算明天和朋友去野炊。

I_____ _______ _________ have a picnic with my friends.I ________ have a picnic with my friends.2.下个星期一你打算去干嘛? 我想去打篮球。

What ________ ________ _________ _________ _________ next Monday? I _______ ______ _____ play basketball.What _________ you do next Monday? I ________ play basketball.3.你妈妈这个周末去购物吗?是,她要去买一些水果。

_____ your mother _______ ________ go shopping this ___________?

Yes, she _________.She ______ ________ __________ buy some fruit.4.你们打算什么时候见面。

When _______ you _________ __________ meet?

四、改句子。

1.Nancy is going to go camping.(改否定)

Nancy ________ going to go camping.2.I'll go and join them.(改否定)

I _______ go ______ join them.3.I'm going to get up at 6:30 tomorrow.(改一般疑问句)

________ _______ ________ to get up at 6:30 tomorrow? 4.We will meet at the bus stop at 10:30.(改一般疑问句)

_______ ________ meet at the bus stop at 10:30.5.She is going to listen to music after school.(对划线部分提问)

________ _______ she ________ ________ _________ after school? 6.My father and mother are going to see a play the day after tomorrow.(同上)

_________ _________ going to see a play the day after tomorrow.五、用所给词的适当形式填空。

1.Today is a sunny day.We ___________________(have)a picnic this afternoon.2.My brother _______________(go)to Shanghai next week.3.Tom often ______________(go)to school on foot.But today is rain.He ______________(go)to school by bike.4.What do you usually do at weekends? I usually __________(watch)TV and ____________(catch)insects? 5.It's Friday today.What _____she _________(do)this weekend? She ______________(watch)TV and

_____________(catch)insects.6.What ___________(d0)you do last Sunday? I ____________(pick)apples on a farm.What ______________(do)next Sunday? I ______________(milk)cows.7.Mary ____________(visit)her grandparents tomorrow.8.Liu Tao ____________(fly)kites in the playground yesterday.9.David ______________(give)a puppet show next Monday.10.I ________________(plan)for my study now

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