New Deal_newdeal

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New Deal

In U.S.history, term for the domestic reform program of the administration of Franklin Delano Roosevelt;it was first used by Roosevelt in his speech accepting the Democratic Party nomination for President in 1932.The New Deal if generally considered to have consisted of two phases.The first phases(1933-1934)attempted to provide recovery and relief from the Great Depreion(大萧条)through programs of agricultural and busine regulation, inflation, price stabilization, and public works.Meeting(1933)in special seion, Congre established numerous emergency organizations(紧急机构), notably the National Recovery Administration(NRA)(全国复兴总署), the Federal Deposition Insurance Corporation(FDIC)(联邦存储保险公司), Agricultural Adjustment Administration(AAA)(农业调整总署), the Civilian Conservation Corps(平民保护团), and the Public Works Administration(公共工程总署).Congre also instituted farm relief, tightened banking and finance regulations, and founded the Tenneee Valley Authority(田那西流域管理局).Later Democratic Congre devoted themselves to expanding and modifying these laws.In 1934, Congre founded the Securities and Exchange Commiion(证券及交易委员会)and the Federal Communications Commiion(联邦通讯委员会)and preed the Trade Agreements Act(贸易协定法), the National Housing Act(全国房屋法),and various currency acts.The second phase of the New Deal(1935-1941), while continuing with relief and recovery measures, provided for social and economic legislation(社会及经济立法)to benefit the ma of working people.The social security system(社会保障体系)was established in 1935, the year the National Youth Administration(全国青年总署)and Work Projects Administration(工作工程总署)were set up.The Fair Labor Standards Act(公平劳动标准法)was paed in 1938.The Revenue Acts(税收法)of 1935, 1936, and 1937 provided measures to democratize the federal tax structure.A number of New Deal measure were invalidated by the Supreme Court, however;in 1935 the NRA(全国复兴总署)was struck down and the following years the AAA(农业调整总署)was invalidated.The President unsuccefully sought to reorganize the Supreme court.Meanwhile, other laws were substituted for legislation that had been declared unconstitutional.The speed of reform slackened after 1937, and there was growing Republican opposition to the huge public spending, high taxes, and centralization of power in the executive branch of government;within the Democratic Party itself there was strong disapproval from the “old guard” and from disgruntled members of the Brain Trust.As the prospect of War in Europe increased, the emphasis of government shifted to foreign affairs.There was little retreat from reform, however;at the end

of World War 2, most of the New Deal legislation was still intact, and it remains the foundation for American social policy