口译教程9_口译教程1

口译教程9由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“口译教程1”。

Module 9 Interpreter’s profeional code of conduct

I Theory and skills

口译是集知识与技能、脑力与体力为一体的工作。口译是一种服务，既然是服务，就有好坏优劣之分。译员作为这种服务的提供者，主观上自然愿意为社会提供最优质的服务，并期待在此过程中，体现自我价值，得到相应的回报。然而，各方沟通不够、产生认识差距，或者译员行为失范，都可能导致交际受损甚至失败。为了促进行业的健康发展，社会需要加深对口译工作性质的认识，更重要的是译员要加强自律，了解并严格遵守口译的职业道德规范。

除了口译界普遍认同的《国际会议口译工作者协会关于职业道德准则的规定》外，世界各国如澳大利亚、英国、法国各国也制定了各自的职业道德准则。经国家标准化管理委员会批准，中国于2004年6月起开始实施《翻译服务规范∙第一部分笔译》（Specification for Translation Service Part 1: Translation），以规范翻译企业的服务。相信随着中国口译市场的不断发展，关于口译部分的服务规范也将问世。

在参照国外多版本的口译职业道德准则的基础上，我们认为要成为合格的译员，树立良好的职业形象，至少要遵守以下几条准则：

 量力而行，有所为有所不为。不承担超出自己能力范围的口译工作，即便对方提出的报酬非常诱人。

 保证质量。译员在翻译过程中，要全面、准确、清楚地表述和传达发言人的信息、意愿和情感。如出现漏译和误译，应酌情给予纠正和补救。 保持中立，不对发言人、发言内容和表达的观点进行任何评论。 坚持操守，秉公办事。译员不应借助或利用口译工作与他人接触的机会或其他有利条件谋取私利。

 口译过程中应精神饱满，保持最佳的工作状态。同时要有良好的心态和足够的耐心，不论出现何种情况，应避免与发言人和听众当面发生冲突或争执。 信守和约，保守机密。译员应严格遵守与组织者或客户事前签定的服务合同或口头达成的约定，并在必要时提醒对方遵守。如果出现问题，应及时与组织者沟通。译员有责任替服务对象保守机密，不得向外部透露翻译内容。在服务对象要求译员签署保密协定时，译员不应拒绝。

 没有组织者的同意，不得将其交给自己的口译任务私自转给他人。

II Skills practices

Teaching tips: Interpreters, in-house, freelance or part-time, are service providers and they need to discipline themselves to make sure the service they offer is of high quality and up to the expectations of clients.The guidelines and principles laid down in Section 1 are a summary of our experience working as interpreters with reference to some codes of ethics or codes of conduct for interpreters in some countries such as Britain and Australia.The teacher may invite one or two practicing interpreters in their own localities to give lectures on codes of ethics as well as on how to build up an interpreting career covered in Section 3.In the meantime, the teacher can share his experience in this area with his students.9.1 Hackers attack Macintosh OS X operating system

词汇与短语 Hacker

黑客 operating system 操作系统 anti-virus software 杀病毒软件 Symantec Corp.赛门铁克公司

safe haven

安全避难处 malicious code 恶意代码 vulnerability

漏洞 Mac mini

迷你Mac(苹果机)display

显示器 keyboard

键盘

security-savvy users 安全意识高的用户 patch

补丁 glitch

缺陷

Many users of Apple Computer’s Macintosh OS X operating system believe that the Mac platform is virtually immune to attack.But a recent report from anti-virus software vendor Symantec Corp.shows that contrary to popular belief, hacker attacks on the system are on the rise.It is no longer a safe haven for malicious code and is increasingly becoming a target for the malicious activity that is more commonly aociated with Microsoft and various Unix-based operating systems.//

While Microsoft’s Windows operating system runs on more than 90 percent of the world’s personal computers, the Macintosh operating system, the current version of which is based on the Unix operating system, has le than 5 percent of the global market for computer operating systems.It is true that all the platforms have vulnerabilities – weaknees that leave the system open to malicious software attacks.But why is it that Mac, with such a small market share, has become a target? //

According to Symantec, Apple’s recent introduction of the Mac mini, a computer sold at the price of USD500 without a display, keyboard or mouse could actually increase the likelihood of more malicious software computer code targeting the Mac platform.“The market penetration of Macintosh platforms will be accelerated by the much lower priced Mac mini, which may be purchased by le security-savvy users.As a result, the number of vulnerabilities can be expected to increase, as will malicious activity that targets them,” the report says.//

Symantec says in 2004 it documented 37 high-vulnerabilities in Mac OS X.They have been confirmed by the vendor, which, in the Apple case, almost always means that the company has released a patch – a small piece of software designed to shore up a vulnerability or to fix other software glitches.//

III Interpreting practice

Instruction: familiarize yourself with the following words and phrases before you start to interpret at the end of each segment.9.2实施探月工程对我国科技和经济发展的意义

词汇与短语 载人航天

launch of a manned spaceship

深空探测

deep-space exploration 月球基地

lunar base 月壤

lunar soil 氦—3

helium-3

核聚变燃料

nuclear fusion fuel 航天技术

aerospace technology 空间科学

space science

光电技术

photo-electricity technology 天文学

astronomy

占有一席之地

have a niche, to become a player

大家知道，发射人造地球卫星、载人航天和深空探测是人类航天活动的三大领域。美国人1969年7月登上月球，实现了月球行走后，月球探测就由于种种原因停了下来。现在，重返月球，开发月球资源，建立月球基地又成为世界航天活动的必然趋势和竞争热点。我国在发展人造地球卫星和实施载人航天工程之后，适时开展以月球探测为主的深空探测是我国航天活动的必然选择。// 月球已成为未来航天大国争夺战略资源的焦点。月球具有可供人类开发和利用的各种独特资源，月球上特有的矿产和能源，是对地球资源的重要补充和储备，将对人类社会的可持续发展产生深远影响。月壤中特有的氦—3资源是人类未来可长期使用的清洁、高效、安全而廉价的新型核聚变燃料，并将改变人类社会的能源结构。每一克黄金11美元，而每一克氦—3是400美元。// 进入21世纪，世界各国对月球资源的兴趣将越来越浓。开展月球探测，将提高我国认识月球，开发利用月球资源的能力。另外，开展月球探测有利于提高我国航天技术水平，推动空间科学和空间应用的发展。月球探测将成为我国空间科学和空间技术发展的第三个里程碑。// 月球探测是航天技术的一次飞跃，是新的科技创新点，有利于推动科教兴国方针的贯彻实施，将促进和提高高新技术的全面发展，特别是航天、信息、光电技术及空间应用的发展，并推动空间科学、天文学、生命科学和材料科学等基础科学的创新和发展。当前，正值国际上重返月球计划尚未全面开展之际，我们必须抓住机遇，尽快开展我国月球探测工程，确保我国在国际月球探测活动中占有一席之地。//

IV Self-study material 9.3 Embryonic stem-cell research The United States is in the midst of a gold rush over human-embryo research.The recently paed California’s Proposition 71 affirmed research cloning and committed $ 3 billion for stem-cell work.New Jersey became the second state to support embryo creation for research as part of its more modest stem-cell initiative.Now numerous other states, including Maachusetts, Maryland, and Wisconsin, are jumping in with proposals to similarly fund cloning for research, also called somatic cell nuclear transfer, or SCNT.Compared with most other countries, the United States has become the Wild West, with lots of private and public money looking toward human benefit and hefty economic returns.//

This is happening against the background of a resounding but non-binding vote recently by the United Nations calling on all governments to ban the cloning of human embryos for any purpose.This call echoes a raft of legislation by individual nations.A Swi law that took effect earlier this month is typical of laws in most European countries.It bans embryo creation outright.That is, it forbids scientists from creating human research embryos by any means, including cloning, fertilizing eggs, or making chimeras-hybrid embryos of humans and animals.Scientists are allowed to work with spare embryos left over from in vitro fertilization, but that must be authorized by the state.Violators face hefty fines and jail sentences.Britain and Belgium allow embryo creation for research but don’t make it easy.Britain has an independent embryo authority to scrutinize and monitor all projects and has iued only two cloning licenses since 2001.//

In the United States, Congre has tried but failed to pa legislation largely because of irreconcilable differences over when life begins.Both Presidents Bill Clinton and George W.Bush banned the National Institutes of Health on ethical grounds from funding the creation of human research embryos, although their orders apply only to federally funded work.In 2001, Bush additionally narrowed NIH research to embryonic stem cells already harvested from spare IVF embryos.These restrictions triggered an outpouring of private and state funding, and the dramatic Proposition 71.Meanwhile, Bush pushed NIH funding of adult stem cells, which are not ethically challenged and are proving, unexpectedly, to be almost as versatile as embryonic cells.//

A national effort to develop legally enforceable guidelines to oversee human-embryo research is urgently needed.And the rules must be clear, transparent to the public, and apply to all.The outcome might be one that allows for regulated embryo creation as in Britain or bans it for now as in most other countries.Doing nothing will keep stem-cell biology wealthy for a while, but science unregulated and mired in controversy will be damaging in the long run.//