变式跟踪之名词、冠词篇_语法填空之名词冠词

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变式跟踪之名词、冠词篇

名词是表示人､事物､抽象概念等名称的词,根据其词汇意义,通常分为专有名词和普通名词｡考生在复习中,需要掌握有关名词的知识:名词的数､名词的格､短文改错中对名词的数的考查､对集合名词的考查及名词词义辨析｡

冠词是用于名词前用以说明该名词含义的虚词,通常可分为不定冠词､定冠词和零冠词,它的主要特点是表示泛指､类指和特指､专指｡考生在复习中,需要掌握有关冠词的知识:冠词的位置､不定冠词的用法､定冠词的用法及零冠词的用法｡

名词､冠词是每年高考单项选择必考题｡在以往的高考中,对名词､冠词的考查,着重名词词义辨析,以及冠词泛指､类指､特指､专指的用法和习语,特别是把不定冠词､定冠词､零冠词､可数名词､不可数名词(具体化)结合起来考查｡

例1.(2007陕西卷)

He and his wife are of the same______;they both want their son to go to college.A.soul B.spirit C.heart D.mind

[解析]

句意:他和他的妻子有共同的想法;他们都希望儿子考入大学｡soul 灵魂,心灵;spirit精神;heart 心,心脏;而mind=thoughts;a person’s way of thinking想法｡答案D｡

[知识链接]

一个名词常有多种意思,考生在一个具体的句子中要把握好该名词的正确意思｡例如:

Beck is an honest busineman.Our company and his have had a lot of ______ in the past five years.A.deals B.arguments C.rewards D.sales

[解析]

句意:Beck是一个诚实的商人,在过去的5年里,我们公司和他的公司有许多交易｡deals协议(尤指交易),如:make a deal with sb(与某人)达成一笔交易;arguments 协议;rewards报答,报酬,报偿;sales 销售额,销售量｡答案A｡

[变式跟踪]

1.I can’t say which wine is best—it’s a(n)______ of personal taste.A.affair B.event C.matter D.variety

例2.(2007福建卷)

— How aboutChristmas evening party?

— I should say it was ______ succe.A.a;a B.the;a C.a;/ D.the;/

[解析]

句意:——这次的圣诞晚会办得如何?——我认为是一个成功的晚会｡根据句意可知Christmas evening party表特指,故用定冠词｡当succe表“成功”时是不可数名词,但表“成功的人､成功的事”时是可数名词(即抽象名词具体化),在此句中,succe意为“一个成功的晚会”,故用不定冠词｡答案B｡

[易入误区]

此题易误选D｡考生往往会把succe当作不可数名词,而忽视抽象名词具体化的问题｡

[知识链接]

抽象名词具体化通常使用的有:a succe,a surprise,have a good time,have a good/full breakfast/lunch/supper,have a good knowledge of等,考生在考试中一定要注意｡

[变式跟踪]

2.walk is expected to last all day,so bring______packed lunch.A.The;a B.The;/ C.A;a D.A;/

例3.(2006全国二卷)

I know you don’t like ______ music very much.But what do you think of ______ music in the film we saw yesterday?

A./;/ B.the;the C.the;/ D./;the

[解析]

句意:我知道你不喜欢音乐,但是你认为昨天我们看的那部电影中的音乐怎么样?music是不可数名词,在第一空处表泛指,不能与冠词连用(即用零冠词),但是在第二空处有定语“in the film we saw yesterday”修饰,表特指,用定冠词the｡答案D｡

[知识链接]

不可数名词表泛指时,其前不能用冠词;可数名词表泛指时,其前则要用不定冠词a(n);表特指时,不可数名词和可数名词均要用定冠词the｡

[解题技巧]

考生在真实交际中应正确使用冠词,对名词的数的概念应有清楚的认识｡

[变式跟踪]

3.Polar bears live mostly on______ sea ice,which they use asplatform for hunting seals.A.a;a B.a;the C.the;/ D./;a

●模拟练习●

1.(2005辽宁五校联考)

— I’d like to see the movie very much,but I have no money on me.— That’s OK.This is my______.A.offer B.treat C.turn D.service

2.(2005北京丰台统练)

It is reported that great ______ made to look into the case have paid off.A.attentions B.troubles C.efforts D.cares

3.(2006江南十校联考)

If we go on using energy so wastefully,______are that our oil wells will be dried up before new energy sources can be found to replace oil.A.chances B.difficulties C.questions D.problems

4.(2006湖北联考)

It’s important for us to employ a word or a phrase according to the ______ in language studies.A.situation B.expreion

C.comprehenion D.translation

5.(2006黄冈质检)

Micky bought an old car cheaply,cleaned it up and sold it the next week at a______.A.benefit B.bargain C.prize D.profit

6.(2007北京海淀4月)

Ding Junhui, most competitive snooker player,is ______ quite young man.A./;a B.the;/ C.a;a D.a;the

7.(2006青岛)

Don’t worry too much about ______mistakes.They are ______ natural part of learning.A./;the B.the;/ C.the;the D./;a

8.(2005湖南师大附中)

He was suchgood speaker that he held our attention every minute of ______ three-hour lecture.A.a;the B.a;/ C./;the D.a;a

9.(2007湖南株洲)

money plays an important role in ______ material world.But you can’t expect it to give you real happine.A.A;the B./;a C.The;the D./;the

10.(2007天津宝坻一模)

The taxi driver was put in ______ prison because his car had knocked down a child.His wife went toprison to see him twice a month.A./;the B.the;the C./;/ D.the;/

参考答案:

[变式跟踪]1—3 CAD

[模拟练习]1—5 BCAAD 6—10 CDADA