考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习题_考研英语练习题答案
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2018年考研英语阅读理解之教育类练习
题
暑期集训来了，如何在暑期两个月创造出双倍的价值是每个考生想要达到的目标。这就需要加倍的努力和科学的规划了。英语方面的复习，大家要持续性背单词，阅读、写作及翻译要多加练习，总结方法技巧，活学活用。下面凯程在线和大家分享教育类的阅读模拟题，大家不妨集中练习，提升阅读速度和做题技巧。
Educators are seriously concerned about the high rate of dropouts among the doctor of philosophy candidates and the consequent lo of talent to a nation in need of Ph.D.s.Some have placed the dropouts lo as high as 50 percent.The extent of the lo was，however，largely a matter of expert gueing.Last week a well-rounded study was published.It was published.It was based on 22，000 questionnaires sent to former graduate students who were enrolled in 24 universities and it seemed to show many past fears to be groundle.The dropouts rate was found to be 31 per cent，and in most cases the dropouts，while not completing the Ph.D.requirement，went on to productive work.They are not only doing well financially，but，according to the report，are not far below the income levels of those who went on to complete their doctorates.Discuing the study last week，Dr.Tucker said the project was initiated ‘because of the concern frequently expreed by graduate faculties and administrators that some of the individuals who dropped out of Ph.D.programs were capable of competing the requirement for the degree.Attrition at the Ph.D.level is also thought to be a waste of precious faculty time and a drain on university resources already being used to capacity.Some people expreed the opinion that the shortage of highly trained specialists and college teachers could be reduced by persuading the dropouts to return to graduate schools to complete the Ph.D.’
“The results of our research” Dr.Tucker concluded，“did not support these opinions.”
1.Lack of motivation was the principal reason for dropping out.2.Most dropouts went as far in their doctoral program as was consistent with their levels of ability or their specialities.3.Most dropouts are now engaged in work consistent with their education and motivation.Nearly 75 per cent of the dropouts said there was no academic reason for their decision，but those who mentioned academic reason cited failure to pa the qualifying examination，uncompleted research and failure to pa language exams.Among the single most important personal reasons identified by dropouts for non-completion of their Ph.D.program，lack of finances was marked by 19 per cent.As an indication of how well the dropouts were doing，a chart showed 2% in humanities were receiving $ 20，000 and more annually while none of the Ph.D.‘s with that background reached this figure.The Ph.D.’s shone in the $ 7，500 to $ 15，000 bracket with 78% at that level against 50% for the dropouts.This may also be an indication of the fact that top salaries in the academic fields，where Ph.D.‘s tend to rise to the highest salaries，are still lagging behind other fields.凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
As to the poibility of getting dropouts back on campus，the outlook was glum.The main condition which would have to prevail for at least 25 % of the dropouts who might consider returning to graduate school would be to guarantee that they would retain their present level of income and in some cases their present job.1.The author states that many educators feel that
[A] steps should be taken to get the dropouts back to campus.[B] the dropouts should return to a lower quality school to continue their study.[C] the Ph.D.holder is generally a better adjusted person than the dropout.[D] The high dropouts rate is largely attributable to the lack of stimulation on the part of faculty members.2.Research has shown that
[A] Dropouts are substantially below Ph.D.‘s in financial attainment.[B] the incentive factor is a minor one in regard to pursuing Ph.D.studies.[C] The Ph.D.candidate is likely to change his field of specialization if he drops out.[D] about one-third of those who start Ph.D.work do not complete the work to earn the degree.3.Meeting foreign language requirements for the Ph.D.[A] is the most frequent reason for dropping out.[B] is more difficult for the science candidate than for the humanities candidate.[C] is an eential part of many Ph.D.programs.[D] does not vary in difficulty among universities.4.After reading the article，one would refrain from concluding that
[A] optimism reigns in regard to getting Ph.D.dropouts to return to their pursuit of the degree.[B] a Ph.D.dropout，by and large，does not have what it takes to learn the degree.[C] colleges and universities employ a substantial number of Ph.D.dropouts.[D] Ph.D.‘s are not earning what they deserve in nonacademic positions.5.It can be inferred that the high rate of dropouts lies in
[A] salary for Ph.D.too low.[B] academic requirement too high.[C] salary for dropouts too high.[D] 1000 positions.答案详解
1.A.许多教育工作者感到应采取步骤让辍学者回校学习，特别是有些学科。这在凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
50%。” B.在博士学习中刺激因素较小。C.博士预备生如果中途退学很可能改变其专业领域。
3.C.博士生应达到外语要求的水平是许多博士生课程的一个基本组成部分。这在凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
encourages.Boys don‘t grow up believing that women are mysterious creatures – airy goddees，more like book-illustrations to a fairy-tale，than human beings.Girls don’t grow up imagining that men are romantic heroes.Years of living together at school dispel illusions of this kind.There are no goddees with freckles，pigtails，piercing voices and inky fingers.There are no romantic heroes with knobbly knees，dirty fingernails and unkempt hair.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.These can better be overcome in a co-educational environment.Segregated schools sometimes provide the right conditions for sexual deviation.This is hardly poible under a co-educational system.When the time comes for the pupils to leave school，they are fully prepared to enter society as well-adjusted adults.They have already had years of experience in coping with many of the problems that face men and women.1.What is the best title for this paage?
[A] only co-education can be in harmony with society.[B] people are in great need of co-education.[C] any form of education other than co-education is simply unthinkable.[D] co-education has many features.2.what does co-education offer to children?
[A] A society.[B] A true small model of society.[C] A real life.[D] True version of social condition.3.According to the paage，what is one of the chief aims of education?
[A] It is for students to acquire knowledge.[B] It is to equip future citizens with scientific technology.[C] It is to equip future citizens with what is required in getting a position in society.[D] It is for students to get academic achievements.4.Why do boys and girls in co-education have no illusion about each other?
[A] They live together and know each other too well.[B] Years of living together at school dismi such illusion.[C] co-education encourage them to have an healthy attitude toward life.[D] They are familiar with each other‘s problems.Vocabulary
1.to be in for = receive 接受
2.He is in for punishment.他受到惩罚。
3.miniature 缩样，雏形，微型画
4.freckle 雀斑
5.pigtail 鞭子
6.knobbly = knobby 多节的7.unkempt 乱七八糟，蓬乱的8.sharp focus = clear view
9.bring into focus 使集中在焦点上，对光
10.bring into sharp focus 这里的意义是：一目了然，明显突出
11.deviation 越轨，偏离，入歧途
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12.all the more 越发，格外
难句译注
1.a co-educational school offers children nothing le than a true version of society in miniature.【参考译文】男女合校至少给孩子提供了一个社会真正缩影。
2.The awkward stage of adolescence brings into sharp focus some of the physical and emotional problems involved in growing up.【参考译文】棘手的青春期把成长过程中出现的某些身体上合感情上的问题清晰地摆出来。
写作方法与文章大意
文章论及“男女合校制的优越性和男女分校制的缺陷。”采用因果、对比写法。首先假设单一性别社会，人所不能容忍，那单一性别的学校培养的人又怎能适应社会。因为社会是男女组成的。然后分别对比合校和分校的优缺点。比较合校的优点，分校的缺点，最后得出结论：之后合校的学生，在离校进入社会，已做好一切准备，而不会感到震惊，因为他们已有好几年的经验，会处理面临男女的许多问题。
答案详解
1.C 除了男女合校，其他形式的教育简直难以想象。答案见
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four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.Her sister，Marlin，22，attends a local community college and will soon be a certified nurse aistant.The brothers are a different story.Oscar，17，was expelled two years ago from Fairfax for carrying a knife and later dropped out of a different school.The youngest，Jonathan，15，is now in a juvenile boot camp after running into trouble with the law.“The boys get sidetracked more，” says the kids' mother，Suyapa Landaverde.“The girls are more confident.”
This is no aberration.Immigrant girls consistently outperform boys，according to the preliminary findings of a just-completed，five-year study of immigrant children——the largest of its kind，including Latino，Chinese and Haitian kids——by Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco of the Harvard Graduate School of Education.Though that trend holds for U.S.-born kids as well，the reasons for the discrepancy among immigrants are different.The study found that immigrant girls are more adept at straddling cultures than boys.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.Consider the kids' experiences in school.The study found that boys face more peer preure to adopt American youth culture——the dre，the slang，the disdain for education.They're disciplined more often and，as a result，develop more adversarial relationships with teachers——and the wider society.They may also face more debilitating prejudices.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awarene training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggreive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetne.”
Gender shapes immigrant kids' experiences outside school as well.Often hailing from traditional cultures，the girls face greater domestic obligations.They also frequently act as “cultural ambaadors，” translating for parents and mediating between them and the outside world，says Carola Suarez-Orozco.An unintended consequence：“The girls get foisted into a responsible role more than the boys do.” Take Christina Im，18，a junior at Fairfax who arrived from South Korea four years ago.She ranks ninth in a cla of 400 students and still finds time to fix dinner for the family and work on Saturdays at her mother's clothing shop.Her brother? “He plays computer games，” says Im.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic undercla.Oscar Herrera，Martha's dropout brother，may be realizing that.“I'm thinking of returning to school，” he recently told his mother.He ought to look to his sisters for guidance.1.In the opening paragraph，the author introduces his topic by
[A]posing a contrast
[B]justifying an aumption
[C]making a comparison
[D]explaining a phenomenon
2.The statement “they also frequently act as ‘cultural ambaadors’”(Line two，Paragraph 4)implies that 6页共6页
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[A]they work as a translator for their parents
[B]they help their parents have a better understanding of the foreign culture
[C]they encourage their parents to go into the outside world
[D]their parents help them realize their dream of becoming an ambaador.3.Immigrant boys do not fare well in the outside world because of the following reasons，except that
[A]American youth culture has a bad influence on the boys
[B]people have prejudice against them
[C]their sense of responsibility is not as strong as that of the girls
[D]they do not get well along with the teachers and the outside world
4.Marcelo and Carola Suarez-Orozco have eventually found in their study that
[A]the immigrant boys should not be allowed to go into the outside world
[B]the immigrant boys have no judgment about the youth culture
[C]the immigrant girls do a better job than the immigrant boys
[D]the immigrant boys should be severely disciplined
5.What can we infer from the last paragraph?
[A]All the dropouts should receive good education.[B]Many immigrant boys are likely to fall into trouble in the future.[C]Schooling education has been neglected.[D]More attention should be paid to the immigrant children.词汇注释
sidetracked 使受牵制的，误入歧途的aberration 失常;偏差
outperform 胜过
preliminary 预备的，初步的discrepancy 相差，差异，矛盾
adept at 熟练于„;擅长于„
straddle 跨坐
navigate 航行于，驾驶，操纵
adversarial 敌手的，对手的debilitate 使衰弱，使虚弱
macho 男子的，男子气的hailing from 来自，在某地生长
mediate 仲裁，调停
foist 偷偷插入，使混入
phenomenally 现象上的，明白地;惊人地
irretrievably 不能挽回地，不能补救地
look to sb.for sth.以来或指望某人提供或作某事物
fare 进展;成功
难句讲解
1.Last week，four years after she arrived from Honduras，Martha，20，graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades while working 36 hours a week at a Kentucky Fried Chicken.7页共7页
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[简析] 本句话是一个并列句，其主干“Martha graduated from Fairfax High School in Los Angeles.She managed decent grades„”。four years after she arrived from Honduras和20是插入语;while引导的断语作状语，表示让步。
2.“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features of [their native] culture” because they're kept closer to the hearth，says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco，“while they maximize their acquisition of skills in the new culture” by helping their parents navigate it.[简析]本句话的主干是“The girls are able to retain some of the protective features„”。Because引导的是原因庄宇从句;says Marcelo Suarez-Orozco是插入语;while 引导的是时间状语从句，其中的by引导的短语作状语，其中的it指的是new culture.3.One teacher interviewed for the study said that the “cultural awarene training” she received as part of her continuing education included depictions of Latino boys as “aggreive” and “really macho” and of the girls as “pure sweetne.”
[简析]本句话的主干是“One teacher said that„”。interviewed for the study作定语修饰teacher;that 引导的是宾语从句，其中的she received as part of her continuing education是一个省略了引导词的定语从句，修饰cultural awarene training.4.The Harvard study bears a cautionary note： If large numbers of immigrant boys continue to be alienated academically——and to be clear，plenty perform phenomenally——they risk sinking irretrievably into an economic undercla.[简析]本句话的主干是“The Harvard study bears a cautionary note„”。冒号后面的句子是在解释前面的句子;if 引导的是条件状语从句;破折号里面的内容是在进一步说明if 引导的从句。
答案与解析
1.C 结构题。本题的问题是“在开始段落，作者通过介绍他的主题”。文章
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是移民男孩不会获得成功的原因。[A]“美国的青少年文化对男孩有不利的影响”是针对
凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
had exposure to larger projects.If all of your experience was at no-name companies in North Dakota，then you need to tell me that the project youworked on had 15 developers and an annual budget of 3 million dollars.Otherwise I’m likely to think your prior experience was building simple ASP front ends to little Acce databases.And finally，follow the directions for applying for the job.If I went to the trouble of describing how you should apply，there‘s probably a good reason for it.If I ask for a plain-text resume，don’t send a Word document or a link to your resume on your Web site.If I ask for a code sample，include it.If you can‘t follow those simple directions，how can I expect that you’ll be able to follow a spec?
I don‘t even look at those emails I get with Word attachments，no code samples，no information about availability or your location.I simply file them away in case I ever have a need to hire a developer that doesn’t know how to follow directions.Reading Comprehension
1.Why did the author suggest that don‘t put your cover letter in another attachment of your resume?
[A] It‘s a waste of time.[B] It is absurd.[C] It will make your cover letter not do its job.[D] There is no need to do so.2.Why did the author emphasize the importance of proofread?
[A] Because it is a quality that a pupil should have.[B] Proofreading can decrease errors from your cover letter.[C] It will make you avoid some simple errors and will give your reader a good impreion.[D] It can make you win Pulitzer-prize.3.Why did the author say that you should let the reader know what size project you‘ve worked on?
[A] Because this will highlight your resume.[B] Because you are required to do so.[C] Because this will let your reader know you better.[D]Because it can make your reader know your ability for larger projects.4.What‘s the meaning of “went to the trouble” that mentioned in paragraph 6?
[A] To face puzzledom.[B] An amount of effort and time that is needed to do something.[C] Have some difficulties.[D] Some problems can‘t be solve.5.What‘s the meaning of the word “spec” which mentioned in paragraph 6?
[A] Rule.[B] Law.[C] A detailed instruction about how a piece of equipment should be made.[D] An direction.答案与题解
1.[C] 细节题。准确定位到原文是解题的关键。本题出现在原文的凯程考研，为学员服务，为学生引路！
在另一个附件中则求职信将发挥不出它的作用。
2.[C] 细节题。本题的干扰项在B项。校对的确可以减少错误，但这并不是本文强调的重点。本文认为避免一些低级错误是给审查简历的人留下好印象的机会。
3.[D] 细节题。请看文中的
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