初三英语总复习_阅读_之_专项训练_初三英语复习专项训练

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阅读理解题的7个考点及应对策略

1.主旨大意题

主要测试是否理解整篇文章的主题和大意，是否具有把握中心思想的能力，以及是否能分辨出文章的主题和细节。包括文章标题、主题、中心思想或段落大意，以及作者的写作目的等，题干中的关键词通常是main idea, the best title, purpose 等，例如：

What would be the best title for the paage?

Which of the following statements best exprees the main idea of the paage? This article mainly tells about.The subject discued in the paage is.From the paage we can conclude that.The last paragraph is chiefly concerned with 方法：

●迅速剔除文中的细节、具体事实或作者所使用的论据，善于抓住主要信息。●结合每段大意。

●注意头、尾。

●向自己提问，排除干扰。

注意：判断主旨大意，一定要从积极或中立的角度去考虑。

a.判断中心话题

b.判断中心思想

策略运用1：判断中心话题：

1.What is the topic of this text?

A.Young thievesB.An unusual illne---Kleptomania

C.Reasons for stealingD.A normal child’s action

Kleptomania is an illne of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.Such a person is not really a thief.They are sick and cannot help themselves.All small children act naturally and as thet grow up they normally learn to control their actions.People with kleptomania for certain medical reasons have failed to develop control over their desire to take things that do not belong to them.With medical help they may become normal citizens again.The things that a kleptomaniac steals are seldom of great value.They often give away what they have stolen or collect objects without using them.2.The main idea of the paragraph is ______.A.what cake smells like

B.why bakeries make money

C.how people are attracted to bakery counters

D.what bakery counters in supermarkets sell

Some supermarkets have a special way of getting people to come to the bakery counters.Sometimes they spray a “cake smell” into the air.At other times they spray the fresh smell of baking bread.These smells are enough to make people’s mouths water.The customers then race madly to the counter to buy cake, bread, rolls, and other baked goods!。

A.The Tallest PlantsB.The Statue of Liberty

C.Plants in OceansD.Redwoods in California

What are the tallest plants in the world? Many people would say that giant redwood trees of1

California.Actually, the tallest plants are in the oceans.These are seaweeds that grow almost seven hundred feet tall.Compared to this height, the giant redwoods are pygmies of only four hundred feet.To get some idea of these heights, consider the Statue of Liberty.This huge figure rises only three hundred feet.4.This paragraph mainly tells us.A.that we are short of grain because of rats

B.why rats are still an enemy of people

C.how rats destroy our food

D.why rats cause discase

Rats are still almost as big a danger to peop1e as they were long ago.They still spread disease and eat crops.Much of the hunger we have today is caused by rats.They eat half of the grain harvested in the world.5.The short text mainly deals with.A.why we need rainC.how gra helps us

B.how gra is kept greenD.why we breathe dust

Wouldn’t it be terrible if we didn’t have gra？We would have to walk on bare soil.Can you gue what our playgrounds would look like？On a rainy day, we would get all muddy.On a dry day we would breathe clouds of dust.策略运用2：推断中心思想：

1.What is the main idea of the paragraph?

A.How Joshua Bingham became a lawyer

B.Bingham is a diligent student

C.Joshua Bingham received an excellent education

D.A good lawyer needs good education

Joshua Bingham studied 4 years at the University of Paris and decided to leave his gradation.He transferred to the University of Berlin and graduated with honors.Harvard Law School and later Boston College provided him with an excellent legal background.He is presently a corporate lawyer in Miami, Florida.2.The paage suggests that in 1916 America had ______.A.many motorcycle clubs.B.very few laws

C.many traffic lightsD.very few women motorcyclists

In 1916 there were few paved roads in vast plains, mountains, and deserts of America.Yet two young sisters wanted to show that women were tough and clever enough to cro the country by motorcycle.Adelaide and August Van Buren started from Brooklyn, New York, to San Francisco in sixty days.On the way they were arrested several times----for wearing men’s clothes.There were no women’s motor-cycling clothes then.3.The text is mainly about.A.different uses of mobile phonesB.a succeful mobile phone maker

C.effects of mobile phones on childrenD.school rules for the use of mobile phones

A newspaper in Helsinki，Finland，recently published a cartoon of a baby with a mobile phone，telling his parents his diaper（尿布）needed changing.But it’s hardly a joke.Helsinki is home to Nokia，the mobile-phone maker.It’s one of the most “mobile” cities in the world: About 92 percent of its households have at least one mobi1e phone.And the kids start young．…….“One of the first things we discu when school starts is the rules for mobile phones,” says Tina Korppi，a teacher．Among the rules: You have to put it away out of sight.You cannot turn it on.You cannot send text meages to your friends, or play amusing tunes（令人发笑的曲调）in cla，Or call your parents or ca11 for a pizza during history.4.Which of the following is the best title for the text?

A.Floods and EarthquakeB.Humans--Disaster to Nature

C.American SettlersD.Nature Balance Itself

We think of a f1ood or an earthquake as a natural disaster.To many of nature’s animals, however, the greatest disaster is the coming of large numbers of humans.When settlers came from the East to America’s great western plains, they killed millions of bison, poisoned the prairie dogs, and shot the coyotes.All this upset the area’s balance of nature.For the animals, it was worse than a flood or earthquake.5.The author writes this text to tell us.A.how paper burnsB.how dull-red rust appears

C.what animal tiue isD.what a chemical change is

When a piece of paper burns, it is completely changed.The ash that is left behind does not look like the original piece of paper.When dull-red rust appears on a piece of tin ware, it is quite different from the gleaming tin.The tarnish that forms on silverware is a new substance unlike the silver itself.Animal tiue is unlike the vegetable substance from which it is made.A change in which the original substance is turned into a different substance is called a chemical change.6.Which of the following statements is best supported by the last paragraph?

A.Men keep their innermost feelings to themselves.B.Women are more serious than men about marriage.C.Men often take sudden action to end their marriage.D.Women depend on others in making decisions.“Even when a man is said to be a best friend,” Rubin writes, “ the two share little about their innermost feelings.Whereas a woman’s closest female friend might be the first to tell her to leave a failing marriage.It wasn’t unusual to hear a man say he didn’t know his friend’s marriage was in serious trouble until he appeared one night asking if he could sleep on the sofa”

2．细节理解题

测试获取具体信息以及理解文章所提供的信息的能力。题干中往往包含when, where, who, what, why, how 等疑问词，常见的设问方式种类繁多，例如：

Who was supposed to be the first owner of the book?

What should people do when planning a budget?

Where will Jack, a volunteer, receive the training before he is sent to work to Malaw? Why did Kernel keep her father’s desease a secret?

According to the paage, which of the following is not true?

The writer mentioned the example in order to

阅读策略

●先读题，再速读文章。

●在把握文章中心思想的基础上理解细节。

●相同但表达方式不同的，才是正确选项.1.Most teenagers lost their lives.A.driving on highwaysB.driving speeding trucks

C.in summerD.after drinking wine

Last summer 16-year-old Erin died after being thrown from a speeding truck driven by a friend who had been drinking wine….Highway accidents are the leading killer of teenagers.2.From the paage we know the stranger was facingA.eastB.westC.northeastD.northwest

“I’m glad of that!” answered the stranger.He wanted to say more, but the east wind blew down his throad whenever he tried to speak.3.数据计算题

要求就文章所提供的数据进行简单的计算，或运用这些数据推断出一些新的信息。答题关键是捕捉到有关数字的信息，然后在透彻理解原文的字面意义和题意的基础上，运用数学知识进行分析、推算。

A man bought himself a ticket of $15 and three tickets for his family with a family rail card.How much did he pay?

A.$ 44B.$ 29C.$ 24D.$ 15

For $20 this rail card allows you to take a second adult and up to 4 children for only $3 each when you buy single or return tickets.You can travel as often as you like until the card becomes out of date.提示：有时文章中所涉及的数字信息较多，要在众多的数据中弄清哪些是与答题相关的，可根据题干中的关键词迅速定位到文章中的相关句子。另外，数据往往是为主题服务的，答题时不要孤立看待数字信息，要和中心思想联系起来。

5.推理判断题

推理判断题与细节理解题有相似之处，但细节理解题往往能直接在文章中找到答案，而推理判断题不能直接在文章中找到现成的答案，需要在把握全文的基础之上，以文章所提供的事实，即文章中出现的关键词语、句子、段落甚至整篇文章为依据，在理解其字面意思的同时结合生活常识，推断出更深层含义，了解作者的弦外之音。题干中最典型的词有两个：infer 和imply。设问方式基本上是固定的，例如：

What can you infer from the story?

The author seems to suggest that.From the paage we can conclude that.The paage implies, but doesn’t directly state that.1.From the paage we can infer that.A.the jackdaw wanted to control his companions

B.only the most beautiful bird can rule over others

C.the jackdaw stuck the wings all over his body to become beautiful

D.ugly as he was, the jackdaw wished to be the king over the birds

The jackdaw(小乌鸦), knowing his own ugline, yet wishing to rule over the birds, searched through woods and fields for feathers which had fallen from the wings of his companions, and stuck them all over his body.(A.most of the paengers on the ship could not swim

B.The Egyptian ship sank into the sea very quickly

C.most of the lifeboats are still on the ship

D.they were too frightened to escape from the sinking ship

Drivers and planes were searching for more than 400 miing paengers in an Egyptian ship which had sunk near the Safaga Port.Two days later, divers discovered that most of the lifeboats never left the ship.Hundreds of bodies are still inside the ship.More than 450 paengers and sailors died under the water.()3.How did the writer feel when she was walking home after work?

A.Cold and sickB.fortunate and helpful

C.Satisfied and cheerfulD.Disappointed and helple

That cold January night, I was growing sick of my life in San Francisco.There I was walking home at one in the morning after practice acting at the theater.With opening night only a week away，I was still learning my lines, I was having trouble dealing with my part-time job at the bank and my acting at night at the same time.As I walked, I thought seriously about giving up both acting and San Francisco.City life had become too much for me.6.词汇释意题

试卷上要求判断词义的单词或短语，基本上是我们不熟悉的，但也有些是学过的，不过往往意思发生了变化。所考查的词或短语的意义往往不停留在字面上，而要根据语境来判断，着重考查利用同义或反义关系、构词法、语法和语篇等理解生词的能力。词汇释义题的命题方式大同小异。

策略运用：

a.根据定义或释意推断。如：and walked out with their hands above their heads.b.根据构词法推测。如：

c.根据同义词或近义词推测。如： Mother was tall, fat and middle-aged.The principal of the

d.根据反义词或对比、转折关系推断。如：Her voice was usually soft and sweet, but now it is e.根据作者的举例推断。如：Many United Nations employees are poly lots.Mrs.White, for example, speaks five languages.f.根据经验或常识推测。如：In the old days, when girls from rich families were married to their g.根据上下文推断。如：He’an.Once he sets up a goal, he’ll never give it up easily.h.根据因果关系推断。如：Since I couldn’t afford to buy the original paiAn inexperienced eye could not tell the difference.i.根据语法关系推断。如：out of hats, swallowing fire, and other similar tricks.j.根据标点符号推断。如：One of the tourists has just been secretly sent a text meage using short-range wirele technology called blue tooth.猜词技巧练习：

1.A person who has caught the flu(流感a high temperature, and a running nose.A.facts or states of being illB.things that change one’s look

C.signs that show one’s charactersD.signs that show the presence of an illne

A.close at handB.dangerousC.seriousD.imaginary

3.Terry’s family is planning to spend some of their income on for instance, a refrigerator, a TV set, and a video tape recorder.A.machines for scientific researchB.machines for the office

C.machines for the homeD.furnitureSunday, and public holidays.A.work done after 6 p.m.B.work outside the regular hours

C.any time on public holidays.D.any time from Sunday till Saturday.7.代词替代题

考查代词在文章中的指代关系的题目比较常见，所考查的代词多为 it, that, he, him, they 或 用法，然后依据上下文，认真查找，作出合理的判断。

The underlined word “They” refers to ______.A.supermarketsB.shop aistants

C.intelligent shopping cartsD.shop managers

Supermarkets are trying out new computers that make shopping carts more intelligent(具备智能的).They will help shoppers find paper cups or toilet soap, and keep a record of the bill.The touch-screen devices(触摸屏装置)are on show at the Food Marketing Institute’s exhibition here this week, “These devices are able to create value and get you around the store quicker,” said Michael Alexander, manager of Springboard Retail Networks Inc., which makes a smart cart computer called the Concierge.