英美概况知识点_英美国家概况知识点

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英国部分知识点

Unit 1

The full name of UK

Four parts of UK and its capital cities respectively

History---native Celts

invasion from Roman Empire---43 A.D.Settlement of Anglo-Saxons---410.Norman Conquer----William the Conqueror---1066

Battle between Parliament and King---Oliver CromwellWilliam and Mary---the Glorious Revolution---1688

Independence of Scotland for 300 years and its union with England in 1707 Wales---independence tendency

Unit 2

IRA

The Easter Rising of 1916

The Sinn Fein Party

The Good Fridady Agreement in 1998

Unit 3

The Monarchy----the role of queen

The Parliament---the Bill of Rights in 1689

The Prime Minister/ the Cabinet

The Consitution---no written consitution

Parliament---the role of Parliament

The House of Lords

The House of Commons----central role---651 MPs

Unit 4

General Elections---who can vote and who cannot voteyears term

The Labour Party

The Conservative Party

Cla—middle cla / working cla

Race---multiracial

Unit5

Relative decline

Three industries---North Sea---oil and gas

London Stock ExchangeThe City

Frank Whittle---jet engine in 1937

Rolls-Royce

Unit 6

Beowulf

The Canterbury Tales

The legends of King Arthur

William Shakespeare---comedies and tragedies

17thcentury----Francis Bacon, John Milton

18th century----Jonathan Swift, Robert Burns, Daniel Defoe

19th century----Romanticism----poem---Wordsworth, Byron, Keats, Shelley

Novel----Jane Austen, the Bronte Sisters, Charles Dickens, Thomas Hardy20th century---Modernism---Joseph Conrad, Virginia Woolf, D.H.Lawrence,E.M.Forster, George Orwell

Unit 7

5---16 compulsory education

Public school---Eton, Winchester

Comprehensive school

A-level exams

famous universities of UK

the Open University

Unit 8

Permanent member of UN Security Council

EU

NATO

FCO(Foreign and Commonwealth Office)---foreign policy making

Unit 9

Newspapers---The Times---oldest daily newspaper

The Observer---odest national newspaper

The qualtiy papers/tabloids

Fleet Street/ Street of Shame

Media----BBC(licence fees)/ ITV

Unit 10

Sports

Football---FA—football hooligans

Tennis---Wimbeldon---invented in Britain

Cricket---first sports with organised rules/same rules nationally---fair play Gofl---invented by Scottish

Horse Racing---flat racing/ steeplechasing

The Royal Ascot

Fox hunting

Holidays and Festivals

Chrismas---three unique traditions

Easter

Trooping the Colour---second Saturday in June

Guy Fawks Night---Nov.5

Orange Marches---July 12

St.Patrick’s Day---March 17

New Year’s Eve

Burns Supper---Jan.25

Halloween---Oct.31

Wales---Eisteddfod

美国部分知识点

Unit 1American Beginnings

Native Americans/ Indians

1492 Christopher Columbus

1497 John Cabot

The first English Settlement---London Company---virginia in 1607---JamesⅠ Beliefs of Puritans

1620---puritans---Mayflower---Plymouth---Maachusetts

Thanksgiving

Maryland---Catholic settlement---Lord Baltimore

Pennsylvania---Quakers---William Penncolonies

The American Revolution---1774, the first Continental Congre

1775, the second Continental Congre

1776, July, 4Declaration of Independence1783Independence

Unit 2 The Political System

Artiles of Confederation

Constitutional Convention in 1787

Constitution, Bill of Rights/ amendments in 1791

Checks and Balances

Legislative Branch----The House of Representatives---435—two-year termThe Senate---100---six-year term

Executive Branch----President---two terms---8 yearsdepartments

Judicial Branch----Supreme Court---chief justice---8 aociate justies

Federal Courts of Appeal

Federal District Courts

The Republican Party---elephant---red

The Democratic Party---donkey---blue

Unit 3Economy

Alexander Hamilton—protective tariff

Industrial Revolution---the first factory---Samuel Slater---1793---cotton textile millRhold Island

Eli Whitney----cotton gin/ interchangeable parts

Henry Ford---aembly line---1913

Scientific management

The New York Stock Exchange---Wall Street

The roots of affluence

Unit 4 Religion

mainstream culture---WASP

Religious liberty

Protestants----Baptists(largest)---Bible Belt

Methodists

Quakers, Lutherans, Congregationalists, Presbyterians

Catholics----second largest

JFK---first Caholic President

Judaism----Jews---Paover

Three faiths

Religious Diversity-----Amish, Mormons

Unit 5 Literature

Early Writers----Washington Irving.James Fenimore Cooper

Transcendentalists----Ralph Emerson, Henry David Thoreau

Herman Melville.Nathaniel Hawthorne

Poets----Walt Whitman, Emily Dickinson

Harriet Beecher Stowe

Regionalism----Mark Twain

Natrualism----Stephen Crane, Theodore Dreiser, Jack London

Henry James, Edith Wharton

Sinclair Lewis---first American writer who won Nobel Prize for Literature Modernism----Ezra Pound, T.S.Eliot.E E.Cummings

Lost Generation----F.Scott.Fitzgerald.Ernest Hemingway

William Faulkner----Stream of Consciousne

Harlem Renaiance

Drama----Eugene O’ Neill, Tenneee Williams, Arthur Miller

John Steinbeck

Margaret Mitchell

Joseph Heller

Black writers----Richard Wright, Ralph Ellison, James Baldwin

Beat Gerneration----Allan Ginsberg

J.D.Salinger

Black women wrtiers----Toni Morrison, Alice Walker

Unit 6 Education

public school(boards of education)/ private school

education decided by local government

elementary school/ secondary school

admiion to university----SAT

famous universities

community college

GI Bill of Rights in 1944

Enrollment of black and women students

Unit 7 Social Movements

Civil Rights Movements----segregation

----Rosa Parks---bus boycott---Alabam---1955----SNCC, CORE, SCLC

----Martin Luther King, Jr.Malcolm X

The Youth Anit-War Movements-----The Vietnam War

-----the Free Speech Movement----Berkeley-----counterculture, Hippes

The Women’s Movements----Betty Friedan

Social problems-----Watergate Affair----Richard Nixon----1972----resign in 1974

Unit 8 Technology

Rifle Works-----John H.Hall

Mechanical reaper----Cyrus H.McCormick

Railroad----the Stevens family

Steamboat----Robert Fulton

Morse Code----Samuel F.B.Morse

Telephone---Alexander Graham Bell

Thomas Edison----the Wizard of Menlo Park

Taylorism and Fordism

The television---the age of visual information

Apple/ IBM/ Microsoft

Unit 9 Foreign Relations

Cold War with Soviet Uniton

Truman Doctrine(the Korean War/ the Vietnam War)

Cuban Mile Crisis in 1962

Richard Nixon---visit China in 1972----ceasefire agreement of the Vietnam War Star Wars Project

The Gulf War in 1991

Bill Clinton

George W.Bush----unilaterlism and faith in military faith

Terriorist attack in 2001

Preemption

The Second Gulf War in 2003

American Domination

Unit 10 Sports and Scenic Spots

Sports

American football---Super Bowl

Baseball---World Series

Basketball----invented by James Naismith----NBA

Scenic Spots

Grand Canyon National Park

Yellowstone National Park---oldest---geyser and hot spring

Yosemite National Park

The Rocky Mountains/ The Appalachian Mountains

Mount.Rushmore---four presidents

Florida---Miami---Florida Keys----Key West

New York State---Niagara Falls

---New York City---Manhatten---the Statue of Liberty