非谓语动词作定语
【高考走向】
非谓语动词，即不定式、-ing分词和 -ed分词作定语的用法较灵活,是高考重点考查内容之一。
高考对非谓语动词作定语的考查主要包括以下几个方面的内容：
1．不定式作定语；
2．-ing分词作定语；
3．-ed分词作定语。
【典型例题】
1．(北京2000, 单项填空)The picture _______ on the wall is painted by my nephew.
A. having hung B. hanging C. hangs D. being hung
正确答案：B 根据题干判断，句中需要一个既作定语又表状态的非谓语动词，所以选B。
2．（NMET97，单项填空）The Olympic Games,______in 776 B.C., did not include women
players until 1912.
A. first playing B. to be first played
C. first played D. to be first playing
正确答案：C 此题考查分词作非限制性定语的用法，有被动意义，动作已完成，所以选C。
3．（NMET94，单项填空）The first text books _______ for teaching English as a
foreign language came out in the 16th century.
A. having written B. to be written C. being written D. written
正确答案：D 此题考查分词的限制性定语用法，其他与例2类似，所以选D。
【知识点拨】
1．不定式作定语
① 不定式作定语常用于不定代词或被the first/next/only/last等修饰的名词和其他一些名
词、代词之后。其中，不定式的一般式通常表示一个将来或经常性的动作，完成式则表示
该动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。
例如：She is always the first (one) to come and the last to leave.
② 如果作定语的不定式与被修饰的名词有动宾关系,在不及物动词后通常要加上适当的介词.
例如：Let's first find a room to live in / to put the things in.
We have nothing to worry about.(=There is nothing for us to worry about.)
③ 不定式作定语修饰一个在逻辑上是其宾语名词时,若在句子中能找到该不定式的逻辑主语,
则该不定式多用主动表被动，否则，用被动式。
例如：I have a lot of things to do today. ( I ... do ... things)
Have you got anything to say at the meeting? ( you... say ... anything)
Here is a letter to be taken to Mr. Li.
在there be句型中，有时用主动式或被动式意思不同。
比较：There is nothing to do at present.(=We have nothing to do at present.)
There is nothing to be done at present.(= We can do nothing at present.)
2．-ing分词作定语
① 单个的-ing分词作定语一般前置,说明名词的性质、特征或用途等,-ing短语作定语一般后
置；强调动作的单个-ing分词也常后置。
例如：a sleeping car ( = a car for sleeping )
a sleeping child ( = a child who is sleeping )
the boy standing there ( = the boy who is standing there )
The girl singing is my classmate.
② -ing分词作定语一般要求其动作与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生或是在说话时该动作正
在进行，否则，要用从句作定语。
例如：Do you know the boy talking ( = who is talking ) to the teacher?
Did you notice the boy sitting ( = who was sitting ) at this desk
yesterday?
The man shaking ( = who is now shaking ) hands with Mr. Li visited our
class yesterday.
比较：误：He is the man visiting our class yesterday.
正：He is the man who visited our class yesterday.
3．-ed分词作定语
-ed分词作定语一般表示一个被动或已完成动作,-ing分词表示一个主动或正在进行的动作,
-ing分词的被动式则表示一个正在被进行的动作。
例如：a developed/developing country
He is a student loved by all the teachers.
The building being built will be the third Teaching Building of our school.
4．像定语从句一样，分词作定语也有非限制性的，其作用相当于一个非限制性定语从句。
例如：The students, wearing their school uniforms, marched into the playground.
The substance, discovered almost by accident,has greatly changed the world.
【知识过关】
1. The computer center,______last year, is very popular among the students. in the
school.
A. open B. opening C. having opened D. opened
2. Most of the artists _______ to the party were from South Africa.
A. invited B. to invite
C. being invitedD. had been invited
3. There was a terrible noise _______ the sudden burst of light.
A. followed B. following
C. to be followed D. being followed
4. Do you know the boy_______ under the big tree?
A. lay B. lain C. laying D. lying
5. Are you going to attend the meeting _______ tomorrow?
A. to be held B. being held C. will be held D. held
6. I like most of the books _______ in this _______ house.
A. publishing, publishing B. published, published
C. published, publishing D. publishing, published
7. This is one of the questions _______ at the meeting now.
A. to discuss B. to be discussed
C. being discussed D. discussed
8. Would you please give me a piece of paper _______?
A. to write B. to write on C. to write withD. to be written
正确答案：1. D 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. A 6. C 7. C 8. B
