怎么写英文摘要_英文摘要怎么写
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怎么写英文摘要
2009-04-22 13:20
英文摘要的修辞
(1)摘要中的第一句话不要与文题重复,要有所变化，补充一些细节。如文题为：Expreion of RACK1 in primary colon cancers.则摘要第一句话不要写为To detect the expreion of RACK1 in primary colon cancers.最好改为To detect RACK1 gene over-expreed in primary colon carcinoma by in situ hybridisation.(2)可用动词的情况应尽量避免应用动词的名词形式。如: 应当用Her-2 oncogene
amplification in prostate cancer was measured.而不用Measurement of Her-2 oncogene amplification in prostate cancer was made.(3)正确使用冠词，包括定冠词the和不定冠词a或 an；区分可数名词和不可数名词是关键。如expreion做（基因）表达用时为不可数名词，不能加“s”.对可数名词尽可能使用其复数形式。
(4)应当用预置短语分开或用连字符断开名词词组，避免使用连续多个形容词或名词来修饰名词。如用sections of formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded tiues, 而不用formalin fixed and paraffin embedded tiue sections。
(5)注意平行结构：在表述各相同的并列成分时，不论是词类、词组、从句或分句，每个成分都必须对等。如The purpose of this study was to analyze the new proposed claification and determining which claification was clinically useful.其中第二个表语是动名词短语，与第一个表语不定式短语不一致，不符合平行结构原则。
(6)比较必须在同类的事物之间进行，切忌对不同类型事物进行比较。例如：The survival of patients with MSI+ phenotype was better than MSI-phenotype.此句比较对象不对等，应改为The survival of patients with MSI+ phenotype was better than that of patients with MSI-phenotype.英文摘要的文体
(1)要客观地叙述方法和结果, 用词要质朴无华, 避免使用带感情色彩或广告式宣传的词语。不宜写类似下列的句子：A very interesting example is found that „;The staining yields excellent results;The method is very useful for „.(2)使用正式文体, 不用口语体和非规范缩写词。如isn’t, aren’t, hadn’t, hadn’t, haven’t, don’t, can’t, wouldn’t, a lot of, a bit, too(also), thru(through), exam(examination), lab(laboratory)等。
(3)造句时尽量使动词靠近主语。如：用Our results are in contradiction with these observations because 53% of our MFH-like PLPs and 10% of epithelioid PLPs were immunoreactive for CD34.而不用Our results that 53% of MFH-like PLPs and 10% of epithelioid PLPs were immunoreactive for CD34, are in contradiction with these
observations.(4)尽量应用重要事实开头，避免短语或从句开头。如MCMV tended to infect GFAP-positive glial cells in the periventricular area during acute infection in the present study.而不用In the present study, during acute infection, MCMV tended to infect GFAP-positive glial cells in the periventricular area.(5)摘要只限表示新消息、新内容，应减少或取消对过去研究情况的描述，减少或取消不必要的背景信息。摘要也不应包括作者对未来的计划，如“有关XXX方面的研究有待于进一步开展”等。
(6)省略。为避免重复和缩小摘要的篇幅，科技英语多采用省略的写法。在并列复合句里，后面分句如与前面分句相同的部分，往往可以省略。常见的是谓语动词省略，在省略处可用或不用逗号分开。如，Despite vaccination, one patient developed pneumococcal menigitis and another, pneumococcal bacteremia.此外，用when, while, if, as, though(although)和whether 等连词连接的时间、条件、方式、让步等从句，如其谓语中有be，而且其主语与主句的主语相同或为it时，从句的主语和be也可以省略。
(7)避免使用“悬垂分词”(hanging participle).使用没有逻辑主语的分词短语做状语，是一种最常见的修辞错误，例如: Following his advice, the bacteria were stained with thionin.应写为Following his advice, we stained the bacteria with thionin.或In accordance with his advice the bacteria were stained with thionin.(8)避免是一些含义模糊的形容词或副词。如: considerable, appreciable, substantial, very, relatively, comparatively, eentially, duly, somewhat, rather, necearily, inevitably 等。
(9)删繁就简，应当用合适的短语代替子句，用合适的单词代替短语。如: 用increased 代替has been found to increase, 用was代替was considered to be, 用seemingly代替it would seem that, 等等。
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