课后翻译 副本_课后翻译副本

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U1effective 翻译一:Outlines are eential to

make together, sure speeches.that related By outlining, you one to another, and that the structure of that your thoughts ideas flow from are your probably speech is coherent.You will your use two kinds of outlines for outline and the brief speaking outline.speeches-the detailed preparationshouldIn a preparation outline, you central state and idea, your and specific purpose and pattern.sub-points identify using a main points consist of brief notes to help you while The speaking outline consistent should you contain key words or phrases to bolster deliver the speech.It should your speaking memory.visual outline, In follow making up your preparation framework used the in same your outline as brief as poible and be sure outline.Keep the speaking it is plainly legible.过写发言提纲，你可以确保你的想法发言提纲是有效发言的基础。通是相关联的，你的思路从一点谈到另一点，准备讲演你可以采用两种提纲方式：你的讲话结构是连贯的。通常，详细准备提纲和简单发言提纲。定目的及中心思想，并以连贯的方式在准备提纲中，应该写出你的特 确定主要观点和次要观点。发言提纲应该由简要的提要组成，这些提要在你讲话时能够给予你一些帮助。发言提纲还应包括帮助你记忆的重点词或重点短语。在写发言提纲时，可采用准备提纲的发言提纲简要，同时，要确保提纲清 糢式。尽可能使你的晰、易于辨认。先要做好充分的准备；其次，你演讲翻译二:当你发表学术演讲时，首的主要观点要明确，层次要清楚。演讲时，语速不要过快，语言要清晰。不要总是在读你准备好的稿子。最后，你应该经常看一下你的听众。这样，一方面你对你的听众表示尊重，另一方面，你可以更顺利地进行你的演讲。speech, you should, first of all, get wellBefore

you deliver an academic prepared your major points clear in your speech, for it.Then, you should make and organized.When speaking, you should your speech should be well not should speak the be too explicit.fast, and Don’your t always language read From time to time.notes you prepared beforehand.your show audience.you should look at and on the other hand.you will be able your respect On one to your hand, audience, you can to smoothly.go on with your speech more U2

翻译一with human human :Energy well-being.has a dual relationship concerned history, man For has most been of side thanks of the mainly about the benefit energy to the energy-well-being low costs equation staggering use.However, involved with the in brought unprecedented forth scale by of energy 100 years demand of coupled growth with population growth, industrial in per an capita equally remarkable increasingly higher costs, both external energy forms, energy demand entails of and energy internalized.On the one hand, accelerating resources requires speed are and reducing at an hand, higher input.energy On the supply worrisome the external costs seem other more serious safety, threats because ecosystem, and may trigger large-scale keeps disrupting to public energy health use poses the global and military conflict.人类历史发展长河中，由于利用能源能源和人类利益有着双重关系。成本低廉，人们主要关注能源和人类安康关系中有利的一面。然而，过去一百年以来人口以空前速度增长，引起了能源需求的激增，同时，人均工业能源需求亦急剧增长，因此，能源利用所需成本越来越高，无论是外延成本还是内涵成本。一方面，能源资源加速减少，能源供应所需投入越来越高；另一方面，相比之下，外延成本更加令人忧虑，原因是能源利用严重威胁大众健康和安全，不断破坏全球生态系统，并可能引发大规模军事冲突.影响能源供应的资金成本难以量化，翻译二：以上各种因素究竟如何部分原因是许多非环境因素实际上同环境因素互相交织在一起。比如，造成工程施工延误的原因，不但有管理上的限制，而且有工程、管理以及质量监控等方面的问题。然而在美国，过去油产品供应的资金成本至少上升了20年中由于环境影响，石25%,则上升了而火电和核电生产的资金成本 contributionIt isdifficult 40%,甚至更多。

monetary costs of energy supply in part of all to these quantify factors the to total the because environment factors not related to environmental are construction ones.often entwined with the not delays have For been example, caused also just management by by problems regulatory constraints but Neverthele, and quality of engineering, control.impacts costs have in increased the US environmental by at least 25 percent during the past 20 of supplying petroleum the monetary products years, electricity from coal and nuclear power and the costs of generating by 40 percent or more.U3

翻译一24-hour :Two fatal wrecks in le than a weekend period over to six the number of deaths killed three the people, Thanksgiving bringing two weeks on Springfield city streets.in the pastatleastWith one month left in the year17 people have been killed，in

fatality including accidents Chicago family the three in members Springfield, before on Interstate 44.who died the weekend of aandOn Sunday, Springfield husband Bauer, wife South Glenstone Avenue.59，Jon died Bauer, in the 58, 2400 and block Juanita ofsouthboundAccording to police，Jon Bauer's sides also wiped 2001 a 1995 Hyundai Chrysler Santa Cirrus, Fe Chadd Rohde, 27, of Mountain Homeheading southbound, driven by Ark., at around 10:30 a.m.，south and struck a brick wall and utilityJon Bauer’s vehicle continued pole at Springfield National Cemetery.extractedThe Springfield Juanita the couple from Fire Department the Bauer was pronounced the vehicle.dead at unconscious, scene.Jon John’s Regional Medical Center, where was Bauer, transported who to was St.he was later pronounced dead.hours as police investigated the crash.Traffic was shut down for four了周里斯普林菲尔德城市道路上死亡2在感恩节的周末，起车祸，撞死3人，使得过去24小时内发生2人教上井到 6人。

普森菲尔德至少有本年度还剩下最后其中包括上周在171个月，在斯死的来自芝加哥的一家三口。44号州际公路上撞人死于车祸，妇，特58周日，斯普林菲尔德的一对夫岁的乔恩•保尔和59区被车撞死。•保尔在南格林斯顿大道的岁的詹尼

2400街乔恩据警察讲述，上午边撞上了一辆同样往南开的•保尔南行的2001现代胜达菲檫10点半左右，出产的克莱斯勒斯柔斯，司机是1995年岁的查德27居。•罗德，来自阿肯色州的山 普林菲尔德国家公墓的砖墙上，又撞

乔恩•保尔的车继续南行，撞在斯上了一根公用电线杆。

妇从车里拉了出來。斯普林菲尔德消防队把这对夫场宣布已死亡，乔恩詹尼特•保尔被当被送到圣约翰地区医疗中心，之后也•保尔不省人事，被宣布死亡。了

一种模拟驾驶器，观察4 警察在调香现场时交通被关闭 小时。翻译二

:美国的研究人员使用了分别在手持手机通话驾驶、酒后驾驶40名志愿者以及专心驾驶的过程。结果显示：共有时均在打手机状态下。研究发现：无3名志愿者发生追尾事故，司机当论手机是否处于免提状态，司机在通话状态下会放慢车速。刹车措施的反应速度也会减慢 此外，采取而刹车后加速的速度又会减慢9%，19%。USUsing a driving simulator, some 40 talking people.researchers navigated on Some studied the driving of a of cell them drove while drove while drunk, phone, and others others impairments.with no there were three accidents in which the The such results distractions showed that or drivers were talking on cell phones-all of research has found that those talking on them involving a rear-ending.The the sluggish.In addition, talking on the cell phone while driving are more phone percent can reduce reaction time by 9 percent in after braking.in terms terms of o f picking braking up and speed 19 U4

翻译一of masculine that reinforces the stereotype what :Perhaps it is our social concept is feminine and what is that even women talk more than men, and communication.causes these labeled Maybe different a patterns woman of interrupting if she does it at alltalkative or is criticized for is our cultures culture — as well as，because be quiet if they want to be “feminine.’ — teaches that women should many other Perhaps boys interrupt and masculine men to dominate culture encourages talk talk more often, and males and who to criticized a lot and interrupt often are not differences for communication in doing the patterns so.These communicating who are and studied styles of by of communication.study the effects of gender experts on effects misunderstandings in order They to understand study these and women in conversation.Often, it’s occur between why men because conversation their important are styles so and different.patterns It of these that we learn to recognize is to the other gender.communicate differences better so that with we people can learn of加深了女人比男人话多这一糢式化或许正是我们的男女社会观念印象，甚至导致这些不同沟通方式的出现。如果一个女人真的在别人说话时插嘴，她或许会被认为是话多，或许会为此受到批评，因为我们的文化—性：她们如果想要有女人味就必须文还有其他许多文化—如此教导女静。或许男性文化鼓励男孩和男人支配谈话并且更经常打断谈话，健谈和频繁打断话头的男性不会为 而且此受到批评。研究性别对交流所产生的作用的专家们针对沟通模式和沟通风格方面的这些差异进行探究，以便了解在男女对话中为什么会产生误解。误解的产生常常是因为他们的对话风格和方式存在极大的差异。为了能学会更好地和异有必要认识这些差异。4生交流，我们 畅销书《你就是不明白》中指出：虽翻译二:Deborah Tannen

在她的然美国男孩和女孩经常在一起玩，但大多数时间他们都是在各自的同性别小组里玩耍。她还指出：虽然男孩和女孩确实在一起玩某些游戏，但他们最喜欢的游戏常常是不一样的。Tarnien和其他这方面的研究人员发

现，男孩（比如欢在室外而不是室内玩耍，而且他们8至12岁的男孩)喜是在有等级结构的大组中玩耍。这帮男孩子中通常会有一个孩子头，他告诉别的男孩做什么、怎么做。正是通过发号施令和让其他男孩按规则游戏，男孩子们在他们的玩伴那里获得更高或更重要的地位。

Don’tIn her best-selling book You Just points Understand.Deborah Tannen boys and girls often play together, they out that, although American spend same-sex most that boys and girls do play some games groups.of their She time also playing points out in together, very but their favorite other often quite different.Tannen games and are found researchers through that young on boys, this say topic have house rather than in the house, and they 12.tend to play outside ages the 8 play hierarchically in large boys structured.groups that are the do it.It is by giving orders and making other generally boys what has a to leader A group do and who of how tells to the boys other boys play by the rules that status in their play group.achieve higher or more dominant U5

翻译一communications, :In this age to and hide it has of become instantaneous harder by private businepeople wrongdoings: corrupt officials leaks, whistleblowers, government are now exposed investigative aggrieved important reporters.competitors, Publicity is and an can year terminate deterrent careers.because During corruption the down the prime minister of the Ukraine, alone, scandals have brought past the the deputy Kenyan leader of president Brazil's of ruling South party, Africa, majority government Representatives.leader of the ministers, U.S.House and key the of changes corruption are neceary But to ensure systematic that themselves scan¬dals stop repeating reruns.like prurient TV showor are about to occur in key entities: theLeadership changes have occurred World Transparency Bank, International International, the OECD, the UN, The resulting set of new leaders should Chamber of Commerce.and the get from together export-credit other key with organizations, NGOs and such leaders law-enforcement agenciesentities and international as broad develop a consensus for near-term and anticorruption strategy，to map out a and middle-term action.代，要想掩盖恶行越来越难，因为眼当前是一个信息即时交流的时下私人密探、走漏政府内部消息的人、愤愤不平的竞争对手以及那些刨根问底的记者们都会把那些贪污腐败的官员和奸商暴露出来。由于腐化堕落会断送事业前程，所以曝光是一种重要的威慑力量。仅去年一年，被丑闻拉下台的就有乌克兰总理、南非副总统、巴西执政党领袖、肯尼亚政府的几名地位显赫的部长以及美国众议院多数党领袖。但是要确保腐败丑闻不会像色情电视剧那样重复上演，就必须进行系统的变革。经济合作与发展组织、联合国、透明领导层的变革在诸如世界银行、国际以及国际商会等重点机构已经展开或者即将展开。改革后的新领导班子应该与非政府组织以及其他重要机构（如出口信贷机构、国际执法部门等）领导人携手合作，以便制订全面的反腐战略，就近期和中期行动达成共识。