高三英语语法练习从句_高考英语语法从句练习
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连词
一、知识网络
并列连词(but, yet, however, neverthele, for, so, therefore, and, or, either…or…, neither…nor…, both…and…, as well as)
连词 从属连词(when, while, as, before, after, until, till, whether, since, the moment, where, if, unle, suppose, supposing, providing, provided, as long as, in order that, so that, so, lest, because, since, so…that…, such…that, although/though, even though/if, than, than, like, as if/though)
二、方法指点
连词分为并列连词和从属连词两大类。
并列连词是连接主语与主语，谓语与谓语，句子与句子，分词与分词的词，它要求前后两部分有相同的形式和语法作用；而从属连词一般连接主句与从句，从句形式有名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句等
三、重点讲解：
定义：用来连接词、短语、从句与句子的词叫连词。连词是一种虚词，在句子中不重读，不能独立担任句子成分。
Slow but sure.要慢而稳。（连接单词）
We may be leaving today or tomorrow.我们可能今天或明天走。（连接词与词）
Now I must go or I shall be late for the party.我现在得走，否则晚会我就要迟到了。（连接句与句）
I went and she went also.我去了，她也去了。（连接分句）
（一）连接具有并列关系的词、短语或句子的连词叫并列连词。根据其意义，并列连词又可分为表示联 合、转折、选 择和因果等四种关系的连词。
1． 表示联合关系的并列连词: 表示联合关系的并列连词有：and(和)，both…and…(既……又……)，neither…nor…(既不….y也不….)，not only…but also….(不但…..而且…..)，as well as(除….外，也…..)，如： I am a teacher and he is a doctor.He has experience as well as knowledge.(He has not only knowledge but also experience.)Neither I nor he has seen the film.2． 表示转折关系的并列连词: 表示转折关系的并列连词有：but(可是，但是)，while(而，然而)，yet(可是)，however(然 而，但是)，whereas(而)，neverthele(然而，不过)，如：I am willing, yet unable.我心有余而力不足。He is short, while his brother is tall.他个子矮而他兄弟个子高plain.3． 表示选择关系的并列连词: 表示选择关系的并列连词有：or(或)，or else(否则)，otherwise(要不然)，either….or…(或….或….,不是…..就是…..)，rather than(而不，也不)，如：John or I am to blame.Seize the chance, otherwise(or else)you’ll regret it.（otherwise, or else 常放在祈使句后面）You can either stay at home or go fishing.He went rather than stay as an unwelcome guest.。
4． 表示因果关系的并列连词:(1)表示因果关系的并列连词有：so(所以)，for(因为)，如：It is morning, for the birds are singing.是早晨了，因为鸟叫了。It was late, so I went home.天已晚了，因此我就回家了。
(2)then(那么，因而)，thus(因而)，hence(因此)，therefore(因此，所以)等副词常可放句首表示因果关系，如： He studied hard, thus he got a full mark.His car broke down, thus he was late for work.It is winter now;hence the days will be shorter.。
（二）从属连词: 用来连接主句和从句的连词叫从属连词。
1． 引导名词性从句的从属连词: 引导名词性从句的从属连词有连接词 that, whether 和 if, 这些连接词在句中不充当任何句子成分；
连接代词主要有who, whom, whose, which, what 等，它们在句中可作主语、宾语、定语等； 连接副词主要 有when, where, how, why 等，它们在句中可作状语（相见名词性从句），如：We know(that)the earth goes round the sun.（宾语从句）What we need is more time.我们需要的是时间。（主语从句）That’s what I want.（表语从句）The news that our team had won was very exciting.（同位语从句）
2． 引导状语从句的从属连词
（1）引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有when(当…..时)，while(在…期间)，as(当….时，一边…一边)，after(在….之后)，before(在….之前)，since(自从….以来)，till/until(直到，直到….才)，once(一旦…..), as soon as(一….就….), the moment/instant(一…..就….), no sooner….than….(刚….就….), hardly…..when(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.（2）When it rains, I go on school by bus.When: Don’t get excited when you talk.When he got up he felt dizzy.While: We must strike while the iron is hot.While she ate she grew more restle.As: As he spoke two men came up.He smiled as he paed.Before: Look before you leap.It will be five years before we meet again.After: I arrived after he had left.I’ll tell them after you have left.Until, till : I’ll take no steps until you arrive.I propose waiting till the police get here.Since: How long is it since you came to London? It was years since I had seen her.Whenever: I go and visit him whenever I’m in town.Whenever poible, they play outside.（3）引导原因状语从句的从属连词: 引导原因状语从句的从属连词有as(由于)，because(因为)，since(既然)等，如： He didn’t go to school because he was ill.Since everybody is here, let’s begin.Because: Because it was wet he took a taxi.As: As David had a paion for walking, we started off on foot.还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that 等引导： Please don’t try to back out now that everything has been arranged.Now you’re here, you may make yourself useful.许多用在形容词后的that 从句也起原因状语的作用（that 有时可省略）：She was glad that she had controlled herself.I’m disappointed that they cannot come.引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有where(在….地方)，wherever(无论在…..哪里)等，如：Wherever she may be, she will be happy.Where there is a will, there is a way.（4）引导条件状语从句的从属连词
① 条件状语从句的从属连词主要由if, unle, supposing(suppose)引导：
if: I must leave if that’s the case.如果情况如此我就得走了。He will come if asked.如果邀请的话他会来的。
unle: I won’t write unle he writes first.I’ll go there tomorrow unle it rains.supposing: Supposing that he asks you, will you go? Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?
suppose: Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do?
provided: I will agree to go provided(providing)(that)my expenses are paid.She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her.providing: I’ll dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up.② 条件状语从句还有其他形式：They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed.You will always have a home as long as I have anything.此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。
（5）引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有that(以便)，so that(为了)，in order that(为了)lest(以防，免得)，in case(以防，免得)等，如：She took medicine on time in order that she might get well soon.I came here that I might take a good look at the new bridge.in order that: I lent him ￡50 in order(so)that he might go for a holiday.so that: Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.so: Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer? that: I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland.lest: He hurried on, lest she should meet him again.（6）引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so(结果)，so that(结果)，so…..that/such….that(如 此…..以致)，that(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： It was very cold, so that the water in the bowl froze.He is such a good student that we all like him.so…that: He was so young that you must excuse him.such…that: Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.（7）引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有though/although(虽然)，as(虽然)，even if/even though(即使)，however(无论怎样)，whatever(无论什么)，whoever(无论谁)，no matter how/what/which……(无论多么/什么/哪一 个……)等，如：Even if you were here yesterday, you couldn’t help him.（8）引导方式状语从句的从属连词:引导方式状语从句的从属连词有as(正如)，as if/as though(好像，似乎)等，如： He speaks English as if he were an English-man.Use a book as a bee does a flower.（9）引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有 as(如……), as…….as….,(像….一样)，not so …..as…..(与…不一样)，than(比)等，如：He works harder than before.His elder sister is as tall as his mother.储存连词：
1．引导时间状语从句的从属连词: 引导时间状语从句的从属连词有________(当…..时)，_____(在…期间)，____(当….时，一边…一边)，_______(在….之后)，______(在….之前)，______(自从….以来)，_______(直到，直到….才)，________(一 旦…..),___________(一….就….), __________(一…..就….), ___________(刚….就….), _________(一……..就….)等，如：Once you begin, you must go on.你一开了头，就应该继续下去
2．引导原因状语从句的从属连词:引导原因状语从句的从属连词有______(由于)，________(因为)，______(既然)等.3．引导地点状语从句的从属连词: 引导地点状语从句的从属连词有_______在….地方)，___________(无论在…..哪里)Where there is a will, there is a way.有志者，事竟成。
4．引导条件状语从句的从属连词 条件状语从句的从属连词主要由________________________)引导：此外_______________________________都起连 词作用。
5．引导目的状语从句的从属连词:引导目的状语从句的从属连词有________(以便)，_________(为了)，______________(为 了)________(以防，免得)，___________(以防，免得)等，6．引导结果状语从句的从属连词:引导结果状语从句的从属连词有______(结果)，________(结果)，___________--(如此…..以致)，_________(以致)等，（that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中）如： 7． 引导让步状语从句的从属连词:引导让步状语从句的从属连词有________________(虽然)，________(虽然)，____________________(即使)，__________r(无论怎样)，___________(无论什么)，__________-(无论谁)，__________________________(无论多么/什么/哪一个……)等。
8．引导比较状语从句的从属连词: 引导比较状语从句的从属连词有________(如……),____________,(像….一样)，_________________.(与…不一样)，__________(比)等。
（三）部分易混连词的用法比较
（一）when 和while
1.两个词都可以表示“当……..时”，引导时间状语从句。When 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词既可以是延续性的，也可 以是终止性的；while 引导时间状语从句的谓语动词只能是延续性的 He was doing his homework when I came in.I came in when/while he was doing his homework.While/when I was in the town, I saw him twice.2.When 还可译作“这时”，while 可译作“而，然而” He was playing football outside when it began to rain.He is tall while his elder brother is short.（二）though 和 as:两个词都可以表示“虽然”，引导让步状语从句。Though 引导的从句可用正常语序，也可用倒装语 序。As 引导的从句要用倒装语序，即把从句中的表语、状语或动词原形放在as 之前，如：
1． 尽管天气冷，可他仍然继续工作。Cold as it was, he went on working.Though it was cold, he went on working.Cold though it is, he went on working.2． 虽然他还是个孩子，可懂很多事情。Child as he is, he knows a lot.Though he is a child, he knows a lot.Child though he is, he knows a lot.3． 尽管你读得快，你也不能在三天内读完这本书。Fast as you read, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Fast though you read, you can’t finish the book in three days.Though you read fast, you can’t finish the book in three days./ Try though he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.4． 不管怎样努力，他还是摆脱不了困难。Try as he might, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.Though he might try, he couldn’t get rid of the difficulty.（三）because, as, since 和 for for 是并列连词，语气最弱，对前面分句加以解释或表示推断的原因。引导的分句一般置于句末，从句前要用逗号。
Because 表示产生某结果的必有原因，语气最强，引导的从句可以置于句首或句末，放在句首时通常用逗号。
As 表示原因时，语气不如because 那么强，可译为“因为，由于”，引导的从句常置于句首。
Since 可译为“既然”，往往表示一些显而易见的原因，语气不如because 强，引导的从句常置于句首。It must have rained last night, for the ground is wet.As she was in a bad mood, we left her alone.He is absent from school because he is ill.Because /as it was wet, we went there by bus.Since a lot of people make mistakes in life, Mr.Smith wanted to give John a chance.（四）if 和 whether
1.表示“是否”时两个词都能引导宾语从句I wonder if/whether you can examine him now.2． 如果主句的谓语是短语动词，用whether, 而不用if Everything depends on whether we have enough money.3． 某些动词（如discu）后的宾语从句，用whether, 而不用if They discued whether they should help her.3． 宾语从句置于句首时，用whether,不用if Whether it is true or not, I can’t say.4． 宾语从句为否定形式时，通常if,而不用whether I asked her if he would come.5． if 可译作“如果”引导条件状语从句If I were you, I would not go.6． Whether 可译作“不管，无论”，引导让步状语从句Whether he agrees or not, I shall do that.不管他同意与否我都要做这事。
7． Whether 可引导主语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、接不定式，或接or not 等（if 则不能）
Whether he will come or not is unknown.（主语从句）
The question is whether it is worth doing.（表语从句）
I have no idea whether he is there.（同位语从句）
I don’t know whether he will do it or not.（接or not）She hasn’t decided whether to go or not.（接不定式）
★比较so 和 such 其规律由so 与such 的不同词性决定。
such 是形容词，修饰名词或名词词组，so 是副词，只能修 饰形容词或副词。so 还可与表示数量的形容词many，few，much，little 连用，形成固定搭配。
so + adj.such + a(n)+ n.so + adj.+ a(n)+ n.such + n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.(pl.)
such +n.(pl.)so + adj.+ n.[不可数]
such +n.[不可数] so foolish
such a fool
so nice a flower
such a nice flower so many/ few flowers
such nice flowers so much/little money.such rapid progre so many people
such a lot of people
so many 已成固定搭配，a lot of 虽相当于 many，但 a lot of 为名词性的，只能用such 搭配。so…that 与such…that之间的转换既为 so 与such 之间的转换
Practice ：
Part 1：
17.“You can’t have this football back ____ you promise not to kick it at my cat again,” the old man said firmly.（2006 广东）
A.because B.since C.when D.until
18.I grew up in Africa.____at least I should say that I spent much of the first ten years of my life there.(辽宁’06)
A.and B.or C.so D.but
19.Progre so far has been very good.____, we are sure that the project will be completed on time.(浙江’06)
A.However B.Otherwise C.Therefore D.Besides
20.A man cannot smile like a child, ____a child smiles with his eyes , while a man smiles with his lips alone.(湖 南’06)A.so B.but C.and D.for 17.D 18.B 19.C 20.D
