复合句及练习_复合句及练习题

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复合句是由一个主句加一个或几个从句所构成的句子，从句只用作句子的一个成份，不能独立，根据从句在句子中的作用，可分为名词性从句，定语从句和状语从句三类。

（一）名词性从句

名词性从句包括主语从句，表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句，其关联词有连接词that, if, whether, 连接代词who，what, which等，连接副词when, where, how, why 等.1、主语从句

主语从句在句中做主语，它可以放在主句谓语动词之前，但多数情况由it作形式主语，而把主语从句放在主句之后。例如： Who did that is known to all.It is interesting that you should like him.(1)That you are leaving is a pity.(that 从句位于句首时，that不能省略。)It is a pity(that)you are leaving.It is good(that)you are so careful.(2)whether, if 引导主语从句:

It won’t make much difference if / whether you go today or tomorrow.If it is true remains a question.(误)Whether it is true remains a question.(正)

(3)由what, whatever, whoever引导的主语从句不能用形式主语it引导。What you need is more practice.(正)It’s more practice what you need.(误)

(4)it’s important/strange/impoible/neceary/natural that 后面的主语从句用虚拟语气.It’s strange that he(should)attend such an important meeting.2、表语从句

表语从句在句中作表语，位于主句中的系动词之后。如：

The question is who can complete the difficult task.表语从句还可用as if 引导。例如：

He looked as if he was going to cry.用虚拟语气的表语从句:

My suggestion is that we should search the house.The order is that everybody should return on time.3、同位语从句

跟在名词后面，进一步说明该名词的具体内容，引导同位语从句的名词主要有fact, news, promise, idea, truth,suggestion,decision, 等。连接词用that, 不用which。例如：His delay is due to the fact that the car went wrong halfway.The news that our team has won the match is true.4、宾语从句

1）宾语从句在句中作及物动词或介词的宾语。例如： We can learn what we did not know.He will talk to us about what he saw in the U.S.如果主句的谓语动词是及物动词make, find, see, hear等，则把宾语从句置于宾语补足语之后，用it作为形式宾语。例如：

We find it neceary that we practise spoken-English every day.另外，某些作表语的形容词，如afraid,sure, happy, glad, certain 等之后可带宾语从句。例如：

I am sure that he will succeed.注意：（1）关联词只能用whether不能用if 表示“是否”的情况如下： A)在表语从句和同位语从句中。例如： The question is whether the film is worth seeing.The news whether our team has won the match is unknown.B）在主语从句中，只有用it作形式主语时，whether 和 if 都能引导主语从句，否则，也只能用whether。(if 只能用在句首)例如： Whether we shall attend the meeting hasn't been decided yet.It hasn't been decided whether(if)we shall attend the meeting.C）在介词之后。（介词往往可以省略）例如： It all depends(on)whether they will support us.D）后面直接跟动词不定式时。例如： He doesn't know whether to stay or not.E）后面紧接or not 时。例如：

We didn't know whether or not she was ready.（2）关联词if, whether 均可使用的情况如下： A）引导宾语从句。例如： I wonder if(whether)the news is true or not.B）在“be+形容词”之后，例如：

He was not sure whether(if)it is right or wrong.(3)关联词只能用whether或if ,不能用that 的情况下：

若doubt 一词作“怀疑”解接宾语从句时，主句为肯定句用whether或if, 主句为否定句或疑问句用that。例如： I doubt whether he will come soon.I do not doubt that he will come soon.Do you doubt that he will come soon?

注意：下面这个例句中doubt的含义为“认为...未必可能”。I doubt that he will come.2)直接引语和间接引语。

引述别人的原话叫直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话叫间接引语。这两种引语不用引号。通常用连接词联接于主句。（1）陈述句变为以that 引导的宾语从句。例如： He said,” I’m very glad.“ He said that he was very glad.(2)一般疑问句变为if(whether)引导的宾语从句。例如： He said,” Can you come this afternoon, John?”

He asked whether John could come that afternoon.(3)特殊疑问句变为由who, what, when 等疑问词引导的宾语从句。例如： He said, “Where is Mr.Wang?” He asked where Mr.Wang was.注意上述例句中时态，人称代词，时间状语的变化。主句谓语动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词变化如下：一般现在时变为一般过去时；现在进行时变为过去进行时；一般将来时变为过去将来时；现在完成时变为过去完成时；一般过去时变为过去完成时；过去完成时仍为过去完成时。如果主句谓语动词为各种现在时或一般将来时，直接引语变为间接引语时，时态一律不变。但从句如果有表示某一具体的时间状语,从句有时仍用一般过去时.例如： He says, “I cleaned the floor.” He says he cleaned the floor.My father told me that my grandfather was born in 1950.其它变化：指示代词：this these地点状语：here时间状语：now，today，tonight，tomorrow，this week，yesterday，last week，the day before yesterday（two days before）the day after tomorrow（in two days’ time）three years ago, next month etc.（二）定语从句

在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。引导定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, that 等和关系副词 where, when, why 等。关系代词和关系副词在定语从句中担任句子成分。

1、由who, whom, whose 引导的定语从句。

这类定语从句中 who 用作主语，whom 作宾语，whose 作定语。例如： This is the man who helped me.The doctor whom you are looking for is in the room.Do you know the man whose name is Wang Yu?

2、Which 引导的定语从句。

which 在从句中作主语或谓语动词或介词的宾语。例如：

This is the book which you want.The building which stands near the river is our school.The room in which there is a machine is workshop.注意：（1）whom, which 作介词宾语时，介词一般可放在which 之前，也可放在从句原来的位置上，在含有介词的动词固定词组中，介词只能放在原来的位置上。例如：

This is the person whom you are looking for.注意：（2）引导非限定性定语从句时，关系代词往往用which , 不用that.例如：

I have lost my pen, which I like very much.3、由that 引导的定语从句

that 在定语从句中可以指人或物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。但不能放在介词后面作介词宾语。例如： The letter that I received was from my father.4.注意在下面几种情况下必须用“that”引导定语从句： 1）先行词是不定代词：all, few, little, much, something, nothing, anything等。例如：

All that we have to do is to practise every day.2）先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰。例如： The first leon that I learned will never be forgotten.3）先行词被only, no, right, all, any, every, few, little, some 等修饰。例如： I have read all the book(that)you gave me.4）先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last 修饰时。例如： He is the only person that I want to talk to.5）先行词既有人又有物时。例如：

They talked of things and persons that they remembered in the school.5.由when, where, why 引导的定语从句。例如： I know the reason why he came late.This is the place where we lived for 5 years.I will never forget the day when I met Mr.Liu.注意：先行词是表示地点时，有时用where,有时用that 引导定语从句。这时要根据从句的谓语动词是及物的还是不及物的。是及物的就用that(which)，否则用where.例如： This is the house where he lived last year.This is the house that(which)he visited last year.6、限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句 1）限定性定语从句是句中不可缺少的组成部分，主句和从句之间不用逗号分开。引导非限定性定语从句的关系代词有who, whom, whose, which, of which等。这些关系代词都不能省略。

2）非限定性定语从句是对主句先行词的补充说明，没有从句不影响主句意思的完整。一般用逗号把主句和从句分开。通常不用关系代词that.例如：

I have two sisters, who are both students.I have lost the pen, which I like very much.7、as引导的定语从句

关系代词as的用法:一般用于such…as, the same…as,(as)…as结构,as 在定语从句中可作主语、宾语和表语。

I would like to use the same pen as was used by you just now.Such a film as you described should not be shown at all.She is not the same girl as she was.as用作关系代词和关系副词引导限定性定语从句，并在从句中作定语、表语或状语，构成the same...as等结构。例如： I like the same book as you do.(as 作宾语）

I shall do it in the same way as you did.（as作状语）I want to have such a dictionary as he has.（as作宾语）

2）as引导非限定性定语从句。as在定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，这个定语从句是说明整个句子，它可以放在主句之前。例如： As we all know ,he studies very hard.（as 作宾语）As is known to all, he is the best student in our cla.常用的这种类似插入语的句式有as is said above, as is known to all, as it is等。

（三）状语从句

状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词或副词等。状语从句放在主句之前时，常用逗号分开；放在主句之后，一般不用逗号。状语从句按其意义和作用可分为时间、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、方式、比较、地点等９种。

1、时间状语从句

1）时间状语从句常用连词有when, as , while, before, after, since, till(until), as soon as, hardly...when..., no sooner...than, the moment等。

2）时间状语从句一般不用将来时，因此，主句若为将来时，时间状语从句要用一般现在时。例如：

I'll go on with the work when I come back tomorrow.3）连词when, while, as 都表示“当„的时候”，但是when引导的从句的动作和主句的动作可以同时发生，也可以先后发生；用as, while 时则强调主句和从句的动作同时发生。例如： While I was reading, he came in.As the walked along the street, he sang happily.4）till(until)表示“一直到„”时，主句和从句都用肯定式；表示“直到„才„”时，主句用否定式，从句用肯定式。例如：

He did not get up till it was dark.他一直工作到天黑。5）as soon as,和 the moment引导的从句表示“一„就„”；用no sooner „ than 和hardly„when引导的从句表示“刚„就„”，主句中的动词一般用过去完成时，从句用过去时；而且主句一般倒装，把助动词had提到前面。例如：

As soon as I finish the work, I'll go to see you.Hardly had I entered the room, when I heard a loud noise.2、原因状语从句

原因状语从句常用 because, since 和 as引导。例如： As it is snowing, we shall not go to the park.3、地点状语从句

地点状语从句常用 where, wherever 等连词引导；注意不要和where引导的定语从句相混淆。例如：

We shall go where working conditions are difficult.（状语从句）

We shall go to the place where work conditions are difficult.（定语从句）

4、条件状语从句

条件状语从句用 if unle(if...not),as(so)long as（只要）等词引导，如果主句是将来时，条件状语从句用一般现在时表示。例如： As long as I live,I shall work hard.I shall not go to school unle I finish my homework.5、让步状语从句

让步状语从句由although(though), as, even if, however, whatever, no matter who(how...)等词引导。例如： Clever as he is , he doesn't study well.注意：由as引导的让步状语从句，须将作表语的形容词或名词（名词前不用冠词）放在句首。

Although it rained heavily, they still went out.No matter who asks her for advice, she is always ready to help.注意：由although（though）引导的让步从句，主句不能用but。

6、结果状语从句

结果状语从句一般由so, so that, so...that, such...that引导，放在主句之后。例如：

The box is no heavy that nobody can move it.It is such a heavy box that nobody can move it.7、目的状语从句

目的状语从句常用so...that, so that, in order that 等引导，放在主句之后。例如：

They started early that they might arrive in time.He works hard in order that he can serve the country well.8、方式状语从句

方式状语从句放在主句之后，用as, just as, as if, as though 等引导。as if 和 as though 引导的从句一般用虚拟语气，但如果从句中所陈述的情况很可能实现，也可用陈述语气。例如：

The old man runs very fast as if he were a young man.You man do as you please.9、比较状语从句

比较状语从句常由as...as, than, not so...,the more, the more等词引导。比较从句部分常是省略句。例如： I know you better than he does.The more we can do for you, the happier we will be.复合句练习题

1：Betty, ____has never been abroad, is studying English very well.A.her B.she C.that D.who 2：He wanted to make sure_______.A.how we went there by bus B.where did me go C.what did we go there D.when we went there 3：________ we'll go camping tomorrow depends on the weather.A.If B.Whether C.That D.Where 4：I’ll not ring you up ______ I come back.A.when B.as C.until D.while 5：Do you know the man whom our teacher ______ just now? A.shook handsB.shook his hands C.shook hand with D.shook hands with 6：The small mountain village ___ we spent our holiday two years ago lies in Hubei.A.what B.where C.that D.which 7：_______ he wanted to see was an end to all the armies of the world.A.What B.It C.Which D.That 8： It is generally considered unwise to give a child_______he or she wants.A.however B.whatever C.whichever D.whenever 9：This is the first time______ here A.I was B.I will be C.I have been D.I had been 10：He wouldn’t leave the TV set, ________ he was going to have an important exam the next day.11：_____ I had warned him，he was late for school，_____ made him not take the important examination.A.What；that B.That；which C.Which；that D.As；which 12：______ he comes or not, I will wait until 10p.m.A.Whenever B.Whether C.If D.Though 13：It was _____ that we wanted to stay here for another two days.A.such fine weather B.such a fine weather C.so fine weather D.so fine a weather 14：Perseverance is a kind of quality — and that’s ______ it takes do anything well.A.what B.that C.which D.why 15：He gave a book to ______ entered the claroom.A.who B.whom C.whoever D.whomever 16：John may phone tonight.I don’t want to go out________ he phones.A.as long as B.in order that C.in case 17：The problems now _______ at the meeting is really ______.A.were discuing；surprised B.being discued；surprising C.being discued；surprised D.were discuing；surprising 18：There isn’t so much pollution in the country _______ in big cities.A.that B.which C.as D.what 19：The day will soon come_________ man will set foot on another planet.A.which B.that C.when D.who 20：The book is quite different from ________ I read last month.A.that B.whichC.what D./ 21：________ he went to town, he would have a look at the bookstores.A.When B.While C.Whenever D.After 22：What a shame ________ you are leaving so soon． A.that B.which C.what D.whose 23：My question is __________ you’ll go there.A.if B.whether C.that D.what 24：The horse is getting old and cannot run___________ it did． A.as faster B.so fast than C.so faster as D.so fast as 25：The road is covered with snow．I can't understand______ they insist on going by motorbike． A.why B.whether C.when D.how 26：Someone is ringing the doorbell.Go and see______.A.who is he B.who he is C.who is it D.who it is 27：I thought her nice and honest _____ I met her.A.first time B.for the first time C.the first time D.by the first time 28：He’s got himself into a serious situation _________ he is likely to lose control over the plane.A.where B.which C.while D.why 29：All the students went to see ____ with her.A.what the matter was B.what was the matter C.what wrong was D.what was the wrong 30：Mr Zhang gave textbooks to all the pupils except_________ who had already taken them.A.the ones B.ones C.some D.the others 31：_____is expected, the boy succeeded in the exam.A.It B.As C.That D.Which 32：I’m rushed off my feet all day.I’m trying to get out of the endle busine, ________ I find impoible.A.but B.whileC.whichD.that 33： ______ we can’t get seems better than _______we have． A.What；what B.What；that C.That；that D.That；what 34：The film is________ a true story.A.according to B.according as C.based on D.depended on 35：Peter kept the young plants in the sunshine ____ grow well.A.so that B.so that they could C.in order to they D.in order he 36：It is ten years _________ he joined the army.A.since B.after C.that D.when 37：He is the student _______ you think to be worthy of our praise.A.who B.whom C.he D.him 38：Though he is young, ___________ knows a lot.A.yet he B.but he C.and he D.however he 39：When you answer questions in a job interview，please remember the golden rule:Always give the monkey exactly _______ he wants．

A.what B.which C.when D.that 40：The pile of bones on the plate showed_______.A.how much chicken the family had eaten B.how many the family had eaten chicken C.how much chicken had the family eaten D.how many had the family eaten chickens 41：______ the poem a second time, the meaning will become clearer to you.A.Your having read B.While reading C.If reading D.When you read 42：Mother was worried because her little son was ill, especially ____ father was away in the USA.A.as B.if C.that D.during 43：I told him to go to see a doctor, _________ he took.A.which advice B.which C.what advice D.what 44：Too much fat，______well known，is harmful to health． A.which is B.which it is C.as is D.as it is 45：In an armchair _________ an old man, behind _________ his photo taken in Beijing.A.was sitting;him was B.was sitting;whom hang C.sat;him hung D.sat;whom hung 46：These photographs will show you _________.A.what does our village look like B.what our village looks like C.how does our village look like D.how ur village looks like 47：Meeting my uncle after all these years was an unforgettable moment, _______ I will always treasure.A.thatB.one C.itD.what 48：Don’t use words, expreions or phrase ________ only to people with specific knowledge.A.being known B.having been known C.known D.to be known 49：The black teacher set a good example ____ all the rest of the group, _____ all peace-loving people.A.to, who are B.for, which was C.to, which are D.to, who were 50: He wonders _______ the sound came from A.where B.when C.how D.that

答案解析

1：D: who 试题解析：非限定性定语从句，不能用that，而用who。2： D: when we went there 试题解析：

宾语从句用陈述句语序。A项中有by bus就不能用how。3：

B: Whether 试题解析：

whether表示“是否”之意，引导主语从句时，不用if引导。4：

C: until 试题解析：

until既可用于肯定结构，也可用于否定结构。肯定结构意为“到„„为止”；否定结构意为“直到„„才”。本题主句谓语动词为终止性动词，用了否定句，应译成“直到我回来，我才给你打电话。” 5：D: shook hands with 试题解析：

shake hands with sb 是一个有用的短语,意为“和„„握手”。6： B: where 试题解析： 答案：B 解析：此题考查的是定语从句的用法。分析句子结构可知，该空所填词要引导定语从句，由此可以排除A，因为what不可以引导定语从句；因从句的基本结构主谓宾齐全，所以使用关系副词引导定语从句，且在从句中作状语。故正确答案唯有B项。7： A: What 试题解析：

答案解析:名词性关系代词what引导的主语从句，在此处what = the thing which。8： B: whatever 试题解析：

whatever引导名词性从句，作宾语，意为“无论什么„„都”。9： C: I have been 试题解析：

先行词是time, day, month, year等名词时，其定语从句用when引导，但It’s the first(secod, third)time that„.是特殊结构，只能用that引导，可以省略。这里的that= when。故选C。10： A: even if试题解析：

even if“即使”，引导让步状语从句。此句表示“即使第二天有重要的考试，他也不会离开电视机”。11： D: As；which 试题解析：

该题考查非限制性定语从句。what不能引导定语从句，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。as和which都可以引导非限制性定语从句。which可代替前面句子的整个或部分内容；as表示“与„„一致；正如”之意，可代替前面或后面句子的整个或部分内容，常用于as we know／see，as we expected等短语中。as可放在句首或句子中，which只能在句中。故答案应选D。

12： B: Whether 试题解析：

Whether与or not连用，引导让步状语从句。13： A: such fine weather 试题解析：

weather[U]n.虽然前面有adj.修饰，也不能加a/an,只能用“such+adj.+[U]n.”结构。14： A: what 试题解析：

what 在表语从句中作takes的宾语，构成“It takes sth.to do sth”的句型。15： C: whoever 试题解析：

从句子结构上分析，主句中的介词“to”后缺少宾语，而从句也没有主语，这时肯定要填上一个具有“双重功能”的关系性wh-连词。who和whom无此功能，排除之。D项的whomever，在这里也不对，故选C。16： C: in case 试题解析：

本题考查从属连词。由信息句John may phone tonight(约翰可能今晚给我打电话)，可知“我不想出去”，是怕“万一他给我打电话。”as long as意为只要, in order that„表示目的。

17： B: being discued；surprising 试题解析：

being discued作后置定语，修饰the problems。sth.is surprising。18： C: as 试题解析：

选C。先行词前若有so/such/the same等词时其关系词应用as。19： C: when 试题解析：

when引导的从句修饰day，为了平衡后置。20： C: what 试题解析：

what引导的从句作from的宾语。这里的what相当于the book(the One which／that／省略关系代词)。21： C: Whenever 试题解析：

选C。whenever意为“每当，无论何时”，等于no matter when。22： A: that 试题解析：

此题考查shame的用法。a shame意为a pity，表示“令人遗憾的事；令人惋惜的事”。通常跟that引导的从句。如：It’s a shame that you are 1ate again．What a shame that you are late again．还可以跟不定式。如：It is a shame for you to be late again． 23： B: whether 试题解析：

由语境可知该空引导从句，表示“是否”，因此应填whether而不能填if。24： D: so fast as 试题解析：

这里是比较状语从句，as„as和not so„as中间只能接形容词和副词的原级。25： A: why 试题解析：

本题考查宾语从句的引导词。根据语句的意义，选A比较恰当。句子意思是：路面上覆盖满了雪，我不明白他们为什么坚持要骑摩托车。26： D: who it is 试题解析：

宾语从句要用陈述句的语序。如果我们对所谈到的那个人还不清楚是谁时，要用it。

27： C: the first time 试题解析：

the first time(第一次)和every time，by the time，last time都可以引导时间状语从句。句意为：我第一次和她见面时，就认为她很诚实。

28： A: where 试题解析：where引导的定语从句，相当于in the situation。29： B: what was the matter 试题解析：

what was the matter(with)和what was wrong(with)作宾语从句时语序不变。注意what was the mater和what the matter was含义不同，后者意为“这是什么物质”。30： A: the ones 试题解析： 后面出现定语从句修饰，表示拿课本的“那些学生”显然是特指概念，因此排除B和C。the others“其余的人或物”，本身已表示是范围中的另一部分，后而不能用定语从句修饰。31： B: As 试题解析：

as在开头引导非限制性定语从句。32： C: which试题解析：

本题选C正确。如果选A，find后应有it作宾语，impoible作宾语补足语。而选C的理由是，which引导非限制性定语从句，which在从句中作find的宾语，which指代前面句子：I’m trying to get out of the„。

33： A: What；what 试题解析：

从语法项目分类看，此题涉及的是两个名词从句，都是主语从句，其基本框架是What we„seems better than what we„。此题把两个简单的主语从句用seem相连，加上使用了比较级，就构成了识别语句基本框架的难度，使得简单句式复杂化。34： C: based on 试题解析： according to 在作“根据，依据”讲时只做状语，不做表语。According as是较正式用语，意为“根据，取决于，视„„而定”，是从属连词，后接从句。如：You may go or stay, according as you decide.是去是留由你自己决定。Depend on是“依靠，依赖”。Be based on/ upon是“以„„为基础”，符合题意。故正确答案为C。35： B: so that they could 试题解析： so that此处表目的。36： A: since 试题解析：

当表示已经知道的原因时用as 或since, 但since比 as正式一些.37： B: whom 试题解析：

关系代词在此作定语从句谓语动词think的宾语，故用宾格。38： A: yet he 试题解析：

though虽不能与but连用，但都可以和yet／still连用，这时yet／still是连接副词，这同if„then同理。39：A: what 试题解析：

这是一个宾语从句，wants后面缺少宾语，所以要填写what。句意是：当你找工作面试回答问题时，请记住这条黄金定律：永远给予对方确实想要的东西。40：A: how much chicken the family had eaten 试题解析：

宾语从句的主谓不可倒装；how much + 不可数名词 41： D: When you read 试题解析：

本题是上海1996年的高考试题。when you read the poem a second time是时间状语从句。42： A: as 试题解析：

as引导原因状语从句，表示mother着急的原因。其他选项都不正确。43： A: which advice 试题解析：

which引导定语从句，可以表示主句的整体概念或部分概念时，接抽象名词，如time，rate，advice等。44： C: as is 试题解析：

此题考查1)which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别用法和as都能引导非限制性定语从句。which可指主句中的某一个名词，也可指主句的整个句子，译为“这；这件事” ；as只能指主句的整个句子，译为“正如”。2)which只能放在主句后；as可放在主句的前面、中间和主句的后面。根据这两点，A、B不能填。D中as作主语，it是多余的。C项中as是主语。

45： D: sat;whom hung 试题解析：答案：D 解析：hang作“绞死”讲，是规则的；作“悬挂”讲，其过去式过去分词都是hung.根据句子的意思可知表示“挂”，由此可以排除B；在英语中，直接用逗号连接两个分句是行不通的，由此可以排除A和C。46： B: what our village looks like 试题解析： 解析：如把D项中的like去掉也对。47： B: one 试题解析：

本题一改过去考查用which引导非限定性定语从句的出题模式，没有给出该选项，因此我们在作同位语的代词中选择。本题的代词替代没有具体所指的an unforgettable moment,因此用one而不是it。在平时做题时注意不要有定势思维。本题考生错就错在只想到定语从句，选项中一旦没有which就失去了判断力。48：C: known 试题解析：

过去分词作定语，可以扩展为which are known„从句。49： D: to, who were 试题解析： 答案：D, 解析：set an example to表示给某人树榜样，由此可以排除B;因先行词指人，故使用who引导非限定性定语从句，由此可以排除C;根据时态的一致原则可知，此处应当使用一般过去时，故正确答案为D项。50： A: where 试题解析：

where引导宾语从句，在从句中作地点状语。