夫子庙_南京夫子庙

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Confucius Temple and the Qinhuai River Scenic Area 夫子庙及秦淮河风光带

The Qinhuai Scenic Spot includes the Qinhuai River, Confucius Temple,the Examination Musium(Gong Yuan),the street of local delicacies,Former Residence of Wang and Xie`s at Wuyi Lane etc.Most of the buildings in Confucius Temple area were rebuilt and renovated in the mid-1980s and 1990s and the area becomes the a tourist site of culture and commerce.It is an ideal place for tourists to understand traditional Chinese culture as well as enjoy shopping.秦淮风景区包括秦淮河，夫子庙，贡院，风味小吃街，乌衣巷的王谢故居等。夫子庙大部分的建筑在20世纪80年代和90年代中期重建并修复，并使这一地区成为文化和商业的旅游景点。夫子庙不仅为游客了解中国传统文化提供了理想场所也是游客逛街购物的好去处。

To the south of Nanjing sits the Confucius Temple on the bank of the Qinhuai River.First built in 1034 during the Northen Song Dynasty, Confucius Temple is the ritual place of worshipping and offering sacrificials to Confucius.It was gradually renovated and expanded to a place with a group of the Ming and Qing style buildings.The Confucius Temple people often talk about should include three great buildings: the Temple of Confucius with Hall of Great Achievements as the main body, the Palace of learning and Imperial Examination Center.The present Confucius Temple was extended on the bases of the Palace of learning.The Confucius Temple complex includes the pan pool, screen wall, the gateway of all scholars, Juxing Pavilion, Kuixing Pavilion, Lingxing Gate, the Dacheng Hall and the Dacheng Gate and so on.夫子庙坐落于秦淮河畔，位于南京的南边。夫子庙始建于北宋1034年,是崇拜和祭祀孔子的礼节性场所。后来它逐渐修复和扩大，发展成为包含许多明清式建筑的旅游风景区。我们常提的夫子庙应该包括三个建筑群：孔庙及主体建筑大成殿，学宫和国家考试中心。如今的夫子庙是在学宫的基础上扩建起来的。夫子庙综合包括：泮池、照壁、天下文枢坊、聚星亭、魁星亭、棂星门、大成殿和大成门等。

The Pan Pool and The Screen Wall 泮池和照壁

The natural stream of the Qinhuai River was taken as the The Pan Pool,which is also called ―The Pool of Crescent Moon‖ by the local people.The southern bank of the pan pool is the Screen Wall, which is 110 meters long and 10 meters high.It ranks top among all the screen walls acro the county.The wall was built in 1575 and newly renovated in 1984.The function of the wall was to indicate that the Confucius’ profound learning was accepted by common folks.Another function was to cover up the main buildings of the temple, so as to give people an impreion of grandeur and magnificence.泮池是利用天然河道内的秦淮河而形成的，当地人也称它为月牙池。泮池南边是照壁,它110米长，10米高, 位于全国所有照壁之冠.这个照壁建于1575年，重建于1984年.照壁的功能是表明孔子渊博的学问被普通百姓所接受.另一功能是遮挡住寺庙的主体建筑以便给人们一个辉煌而庄严的印象.The Gateway of all scholars 天下文枢坊

The Gateway of all scholars was first built in 1586 in an imitation of that in Qufu.The building structure symbolized Confucius as the center of all writings and morals in ancient times.It is the first entrance to Confucius Temple.天下文枢坊始建于1586年仿曲阜天下文枢坊，它结构的意思是所有文章和道德的中心都归于孔子。它是进入夫子庙的标志。Lingxing Gate 棂星门

Lingxing Gate is also called the Gate of Etiquette, specially built for emperors to offer sacrifices to Confucius.The Gate built in front of Confucius Temple implies the meaning of ―talented people coming forth in large numbers and stability of the country.‖ 棂星门又叫礼仪门，它是专为皇帝祭祀孔子而建的。它建于孔庙前的寓意是大量人才涌现国家稳定。

Dacheng Gate or the Gate of Great Achievements大成门

Dacheng Gate or the Gate of Great Achievements is also called Halberd Gate, which is the front door of Confucius Temple.As Confucius epitomized Chinese culture, he was posthumously granted the title of supreme saint Confucius.In the entrance of the gate there are four old stone tablets:大成门或集大成的门，又叫戟门，它是夫子庙的前门。作为中国文化缩影的孔子，他死后被授予至圣先师的称号.进入门内有四块古碑： The tablets of Confucius Asking Laozi of the Ethical Codes 孔子问礼图碑

It was carved in 484 AD during the Southern Dynasty, recording his experiences of Confucius on his visit to Luoyang, the capital of the Eastern Zhou Dynasty in 518 B.C.Confucius made investigations on the system of institutions of the Zhou and sought for the ways of prospering and stabilizing the country, and consolidating the power of slave-owners in the Lu State.孔子请教老子道德经的图碑, 刻于南朝公元484年,碑上记录的是孔子去洛阳（公元前518年东周王朝首都)访问的经验。孔子研究了周王朝的制度,寻求如何繁荣和稳定国家的方法以及如何在鲁国联合奴隶主的力量。

The tablet of Jiqing Confucius Temple集庆孔子庙碑

In 1308 when the Yuan Dynasty reigned over the country, emperor WuZong iued an imperial edict ―take education as the state administration of the empire‖.In the next year when Confucius Temple started to be rebuilt, Luzhi wrote an inscription for the tablet.But the tablet was not made right away until 22 years later in 1330.During the Xianfeng reign of the Qing Dynasty, Confucius Temple was burnt down in a war and the tablet was miing.During the reconstruction of Confucius Temple in 1986, the tablet happened to be unearthed from the underground..1308年元朝统治全国,武宗皇帝发布了圣旨以兴学作士为政.第二年孔庙开始被重建,卢挚为碑撰写了碑文.当时没有碑石，直到22年后的1330年才刻好.清朝咸丰年间，孔庙在战争中被毁且此碑失踪.1986年复建文庙时碑在地下被发现。The tablet of the four saints封四圣碑

In 1331 emperor Wenzong of the Yuan dynasty granted the four disciples of Confucius------Yanhui, Zengshen, Kongji and Mengke as 4 saints second to Confucius and their names were carved on a stone tablet to inform the whole country.在1331年元朝文宗皇帝加封孔子的四个门徒-颜回、曾参、孔伋和孟轲为四亚圣,以此刻在石碑上告知全国。The tablet of madam super saint Confucius封至圣夫人碑

In 1331 the wife of Confucius was posthumously awarded the title of Mrs Supreme Saint and a stone tablet was made for her according to the imperial decree and erected here side by side with the tablet of the four saints.1331年孔子之妻被加封为至圣夫人，以此旨勒石刻碑，与封四氏碑并列于夫子庙。

Dacheng Hall or the Hall of Great Achievements大成殿

Dacheng Hall or the Hall of Great Achievements is the main building of Confucius Temple and the very place to enshrine and worship Confucius.The hall is a double-eaved and gable-roofed structure in ancient structure.In the hall there is a huge portrait of Confucius, which is the largest one throughout the country.Also there are the portraits of YanHui, ZengShen, KongJi(the grandson of Confucius)and Mencius, the four disciples of Confucius as well as a number of ancient musical instruments.On the inner walls of the hall there are 38 jade-and-jadeite-carved paintings inlaid with gold, jewelry and mother-of-pearl about the life story of Confucius.In the temple courtyard enclosed by roofed corridors, there is a large open-air terrace, which used to be an altar for holding sacrificial ceremony and performing songs and dance.On the terrace there stands a huge bronze statue of Confucius.The forehead of the statue appears a unique wisdom-and-foresight of the great thinker, better making a deep impreion on visitors.大成殿是一个重檐歇山顶仿古建筑。在大厅里有一个中国最大的孔子巨幅画像。还有孔子的四个弟子的画像——颜回，曾参，孔汲（孔子孙子）和孟子，以及一些古老的乐器。挂在大厅内的墙壁上有38个用玉器和翡翠雕刻，黄金、珠宝和罗钿镶嵌的孔子生平事迹的画。在有封闭走廊的庙院里，有一个大型的露台，曾是祭祀和表演歌舞的地方。露台上立有一个巨大的孔子铜像，眉宇间透露出伟大思想家特有的睿智，给观光者留下了深刻的印象。

Juxing Pavilion聚星亭

In the west temple square there stands a hexagonal pavilion(the pavilion with its 6 eaves upturned)called ―Juxing‖.The name of Juxing means ―aembly of stars‖ or ―a galaxy of talents‖, because all the men of letters or well-educated people were regarded as stars in the sky in feudal China.Juxing pavilion was the place for intellectuals to converge on and to learn from each other by exchanging their experiences in study.在西庙广场有一个六角凉亭（凉亭与六飞檐翻过来的）叫做―聚‖。名称聚的意思是群星汇聚和人才荟萃，因为所有的书生或受过良好教育的人被视为封建中国天空中的群星。聚星亭是知识分子聚集和互相学习，交流学习心得的地方。

Kuixing Pavilion(now called Kuiguang Pavilion)魁星阁（现又叫做魁光阁）

In the east of Pan Pool lies the Kuixing Pavilion, which is also called the Pavilion of God of Literature.The three-storeyed hexagonal tower was the place for provincial examination candidates to pay worship to Confucius before they sat for imperial examinations.Later on, the pavilion was turned into a teahouse for candidates to meet friends with tea drinking.Kuixing is the star at the tip of the bowl of the Big Dipper, one of the 28 constellations in the sky.It was said to be God of Literature dominating the fortune of culture and education, and Confucius was regarded as the God.In time of imperial examinations, the examination candidates often came to offer sacrifices to Confucius in the hope of succefully paing the imperial examinations and becoming a provincial graduate.魁星阁位于东部的泮池，也被称为文星阁。这三层六角塔是乡试士子们应考前拜孔的地方。后来，这个馆变成茶社，应考者在此喝茶会友。魁星是北斗星之第一星，天上28个星宿之一。据说这是主宰文运之神，以及孔子被视为上帝。在科举时代，应考者往往来拜孔子，希望能成功地通过科举，以求中举。The Palace of Learning学宫

The Palace of Learning is an architectural complex consisting of Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue, Zunjing Library, Qingyun Tower and Ancestral Temple for Worshiping the Parents of Confucius etc..The Palace of Learning was an institution of higher learning of the prefecture in ancient times, usually built behind Confucian Temple.Mingde Hall or the Hall of Bright Virtue was the main hall of Palace of Learning ,the place for putting up the list of succeful candidates in the years of the imperial examination system and was also an aembly auditorium for the students to attend lectures on Confucius teachings and imperial edicts given by aistant instructor after their pilgrimage on the first and the 15th day every lunar month.Zunjing Library was a two-storied building with each having 5 rooms.The upstairs was used to collect the Chinese traditional learning of the Ming Dynasty.The downstairs was the lecture hall ,where aistant instructors used to give students lectures.The Qingyun Tower is a memorial temple for enshrining educational inspectors of the past dynasties.The Ancestral Temple for Parents of Confucius was the place for students to offer sacrifices to Confucius parents.But someone also says it is the Saint-Admiring Temple specially for enshrining the deciples of Confucius.学宫是一个由明德厅或明德堂，尊经阁，青云楼和崇圣祠等组成的建筑群。学宫是一个古代的高等学府，通常建在文庙后面。明德厅或明德堂是学宫的正堂，是张悬科第题名榜的地方。在多年的科举系统，也是一个每正月朔，望日朝圣后听训导师宣讲圣教和上谕的集会礼堂。尊经阁是一个上下两层各五楹的建筑。楼上被用来收集明代国学。楼下是训导师用来给学生讲课的讲堂。青云楼是供奉历代督学使的祠宇。崇圣祠是孔子的学生为孔子的父母供奉的地方。但也有人说，这是祭祀孔门弟子的专祠。Jiangnan Imperial Examination Center江南贡院

Jiangnan Imperial Examination Center was located to the east of Confucius Temple.It was first built during the Song Dynasty and extended for times in the Ming anf Qing Dynaties.Named after Jiangnan Province established in the Qing Dynasty,The Imperial Examination Center was the place to select talented people for the country through imperial examinations.Especially in the early Ming Dynasty when Nanjing was made the national capital ,the provincial and metropolitian examinations were all held here in the examination center.In1421 Emperor Zhu Di,the third emperor of the Ming Dynasty moved the capital to Beijing,but Nanjing still served as the rear capital and the examinations were held here as before.Now the Imperial Examination Center has been turned into Nanjing Imperial Examination Museum since 1980s.江南贡院位于夫子庙东侧，始建于宋朝，在明清两代又多次扩建。江南贡院因秦朝的江南省而得名，通过科举考试挑选全国各地的人才。特别是在明代早期，南京为首都，乡试和会试都在此举行。1421年，明代第三代皇帝明成祖朱棣迁都北京，但南京仍为留都，科举考试仍在此举行。如今，江南贡院自20世纪80年代以来改为南京科举考试博物馆。Wuyi Lane 乌衣巷

Wuyi Lane is one of the oldest lanes in Nanjing , it is located nearby the Confucius Temple and to the south of the Wende Bridge.There was several sayings about the name of the Wuyi Lane, one of them was：Jingling people Wangxie , a man who was living by voyaging on the sea.One day , his ship was confronted with a big storm and sank.Fortunately he was survived , he was floated by the wind to a place named Wuyi kingdom.He got married there and has children.Several years later, Wangxie came back to his hometown.But he mied his family in Wuyi kingdom so much that he named the street on which he was lived as the Wuyi Lane.Actually, the place was the former army garrison of Wu Kingdom dating back to over 1700 years ago.The soldiers wore black gowns at that time, hence the name Wuyi lane.During the middle –Tang Dynasty, poet Liu Yuxi visited Wuyi Lane and sighed in his famous poem: ―Now by the Red-sparrow Bridge wild gra are growing,and on the Black-gown Alley the evening sun is glowing.And swallows which once graced the Wang and Xie hall,now feed in common people’s homes –without their knowing.乌衣巷是南京最古老的巷子之一，位于夫子庙附近文德桥的南岸。关于乌衣巷名称的说法有好几种。其中有神话传说，金陵人王榭，以航海为业。一日，船遇大风浪而沉，王榭大难不死，漂至乌衣国，并在那娶妻生子。几年后，王榭回到故里，但是他十分思念乌衣国的家人，因此，便将自己所住的巷子取名乌衣巷。事实上，这里原是1700多年前吴国驻守城区部队营房所在地，因军士所穿衣服为黑色制服，故以“乌衣”为巷名。唐中期,大诗人刘禹锡寻访了乌衣巷并留下了那首脍炙人口的诗：―朱雀桥边野草花,乌衣巷口夕阳斜,旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家。‖

Fortunately, in order to excavate and show the distant source established history of Wuyi Lane, recently the government in NanJing invested the huge sum to construct a group of brand-new buildings in the style of the ancients——the memorial reisidence of Wang&Xie.The main building of the residence is Lai Yan Hall and Jian Jin tower, besides, the residence also includes the displays of Wang-Xie’s family history, the six Dynasties’ history and the culture and art, the painting showroom of half the scene of Feishui Battle, the showroom of Eastern Jin residence, the showroom of paintings and calligraphic works from the six Dynasties, the sculpture hall, and the mural hall of Deity of Luo River.etc.In 1997,the Qinhuai District People’s Government renovated Wuyi Lane and Former Residence of Wang’s and Xie’s.值得庆幸的是，为了挖掘、展示乌衣巷源远流长的历史，南京市政府近年投入巨资，营造了一组崭新的仿古建筑群——王谢古居纪念馆。古居的主体建筑为来燕堂和鉴晋楼，另附有王、谢家族陈列、六朝历史和文化艺术陈列、淝水之战半景画室、东晋起居陈列室、六朝书画、雕塑厅、洛神赋壁画等。1997年，秦淮区人民政府恢复了乌衣巷并重建了王谢古居。