计算机网络课程设计报告校园网构建方案的设计和实现_某校园网设计建设方案

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XX大学计算机科学与技术学院

计算机网络课程设计报告

——校园网构建方案的设计和实现

专业班级：

学生姓名：

学

号：

指导教师：

日

期：

一．设计任务及要求

1.任务：

某高校现有三个地理位置分离的分校区，每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，现准备通过教科网接入因特网。而从教科网只申请到4个C类网络（222.191.1.0-222.191.4.0）,为了安全，要求每个分校区的学生公寓子网和教师子网不在同一个广播域。同时，学校有若干台应用服务器，同时对内和对外提供web等网络服务。设计网络构建方案并实施该校园网络。

2.要求：

(1)根据具体情况，完成需求分析

(2)列出实验所需设备，完成网络拓扑结构图(3)完成各项设备的具体配置(4)调试运行

二．基本思路及相关理论

1.基本思路：

(1)由于每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，C类网络无法满足该数量级的主机地址需求，因此在三个校区以及服务器区中使用B类私网地址172.16.0.0。

(2)由于校园网内使用的是私网地址，所以需要在边界路由器上配置网络地址转换（NAT），校园网内主机访问外网时使用动态地址转换，内网服务器使用静态地址转换来给外网提供服务。

(3)由于每个校区入网信息点有2000多个，若手动为每台主机配置ip地址，那么工程量是极大的，而且主机的添加与删除对网络的影响也较大。为了解决这一问题，并且便于网络管理，需要配置DHCP服务。

(4)任务要求每个分校区的学生公寓子网和教师子网不在同一个广播域，那么使用VLAN技术来满足这一要求，创建两个VLAN，分别是VlanStudent和VlanTeacher。

(5)使用三层交换机来实现VlanStudent和VlanTeacher之间的通信，使用路由器来实现不同校区之间的通信。

(6)配置DNS服务器给校园网内的WEB Server和FTP Server提供域名解析，给用户提供人性化的服务。

2.相关理论：

(1)ip的层次结构、寻址方案以及每种类别的ip地址所能提供的最大主机数(2)子网划分的原理及步骤

(3)可变长子网掩码（VLSM）对ip地址利用率的最大化(4)vlan技术分隔广播域(5)三层交换机实现VLAN间路由

(6)动态路由协议OSPF实现路由汇聚，提供不同校区间的路由

(7)使用命令default-information originate来向OSPF域中注入默认路由(8)主机跨网段请求DNS服务的实现

三．方案设计（网络设备和拓扑结构）

四．网络的具体配置

(1)三个校区以及服务器区的接入层交换机提供足够多的以太网接口，使用默认配置即可。

(2)汇聚层交换机的配置

a.校区一的三层交换机的配置如下：

Building configuration...Current configuration : 1868 bytes!version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Switch!ip dhcp excluded-addre 172.16.3.254 ip dhcp excluded-addre 172.16.7.254!ip dhcp pool VlanStudent network 172.16.0.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.3.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30 ip dhcp pool VlanTeacher network 172.16.4.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.7.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30 ip routing!interface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip addre duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface FastEthernet0/2!interface FastEthernet0/3!interface FastEthernet0/4!interface FastEthernet0/5!interface FastEthernet0/6!interface FastEthernet0/7!interface FastEthernet0/8!interface FastEthernet0/9!interface FastEthernet0/10!interface FastEthernet0/11!interface FastEthernet0/12!interface FastEthernet0/13!interface FastEthernet0/14!interface FastEthernet0/15!interface FastEthernet0/16!interface FastEthernet0/17!interface FastEthernet0/18!interface FastEthernet0/19!interface FastEthernet0/20!interface FastEthernet0/21!interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport ip addre 172.16.48.1 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport acce vlan 3 switchport mode acce!interface FastEthernet0/24 switchport acce vlan 2 switchport mode acce!interface GigabitEthernet0/1!interface GigabitEthernet0/2!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!interface Vlan2 ip addre 172.16.3.254 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan3 ip addre 172.16.7.254 255.255.252.0!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.4.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.0 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip clale!line con 0 line vty 0 4 login!end b.校区二的三层交换机的配置如下：

Building configuration...Current configuration : 1888 bytes!version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Switch!ip dhcp excluded-addre 172.16.23.254 ip dhcp excluded-addre 172.16.19.254!ip dhcp pool VlanStudent network 172.16.16.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.19.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30 ip dhcp pool VlanTeacher network 172.16.20.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.23.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30 ip routing!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip addre duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/2!interface FastEthernet0/3!interface FastEthernet0/4!interface FastEthernet0/5!interface FastEthernet0/6!interface FastEthernet0/7!interface FastEthernet0/8!interface FastEthernet0/9!interface FastEthernet0/10!interface FastEthernet0/11!interface FastEthernet0/12!interface FastEthernet0/13!interface FastEthernet0/14!interface FastEthernet0/15!interface FastEthernet0/16!interface FastEthernet0/17!interface FastEthernet0/18!interface FastEthernet0/19!interface FastEthernet0/20!interface FastEthernet0/21!interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport ip addre 172.16.48.5 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport acce vlan 3 switchport mode acce!interface FastEthernet0/24 switchport acce vlan 2 switchport mode acce!interface GigabitEthernet0/1!interface GigabitEthernet0/2!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!interface Vlan2 ip addre 172.16.19.254 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan3 ip addre 172.16.23.254 255.255.252.0!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.16.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.20.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.4 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip clale!line con 0 line vty 0 4 login!end c.校区三的三层交换机的配置如下：

Current configuration : 1888 bytes!version 12.2 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Switch!ip dhcp excluded-addre 172.16.35.254 ip dhcp excluded-addre 172.16.39.254!ip dhcp pool VlanStudent network 172.16.32.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.35.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30 ip dhcp pool VlanTeacher network 172.16.36.0 255.255.252.0 default-router 172.16.39.254 dns-server 172.16.48.30 ip routing!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/1 no switchport no ip addre duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/2!interface FastEthernet0/3!interface FastEthernet0/4!interface FastEthernet0/5!interface FastEthernet0/6!interface FastEthernet0/7!interface FastEthernet0/8!interface FastEthernet0/9!interface FastEthernet0/10!interface FastEthernet0/11!interface FastEthernet0/12!interface FastEthernet0/13!interface FastEthernet0/14!interface FastEthernet0/15!interface FastEthernet0/16!interface FastEthernet0/17!interface FastEthernet0/18!interface FastEthernet0/19!interface FastEthernet0/20!interface FastEthernet0/21!interface FastEthernet0/22 no switchport ip addre 172.16.48.9 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/23 switchport acce vlan 3 switchport mode acce!interface FastEthernet0/24 switchport acce vlan 2 switchport mode acce!interface GigabitEthernet0/1!interface GigabitEthernet0/2!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!interface Vlan2 ip addre 172.16.35.254 255.255.252.0!interface Vlan3 ip addre 172.16.39.254 255.255.252.0!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.36.0 0.0.3.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.8 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip clale!line con 0 line vty 0 4 login!end(3)核心层路由器的配置

a.与校区一相连的路由器Router1 Building configuration...Current configuration : 825 bytes!version 12.4 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip addre 172.16.48.2 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip addre duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip addre 172.16.48.26 255.255.255.252 clock rate 4000000!interface Serial0/0/1 ip addre 172.16.48.21 255.255.255.252!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.0 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.20 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.24 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip clale!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronous line vty 0 4 login!end b.与校区二相连的路由器Router2 Building configuration...Current configuration : 825 bytes!version 12.4 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip addre 172.16.48.6 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip addre duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip addre 172.16.48.25 255.255.255.252!interface Serial0/0/1 ip addre 172.16.48.13 255.255.255.252 clock rate 4000000!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.4 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.24 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.12 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip clale!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronous line vty 0 4 login!end c.与校区三相连的路由器Router3 Building configuration...Current configuration : 806 bytes!version 12.4 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip addre 172.16.48.10 255.255.255.252 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip addre duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip addre 172.16.48.17 255.255.255.252!interface Serial0/0/1 ip addre 172.16.48.14 255.255.255.252!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.8 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.12 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.16 0.0.0.3 area 0!ip clale!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronous line vty 0 4 login!end d.校园网的出口路由器Router4 Building configuration...Current configuration : 1836 bytes!version 12.4 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip addre 172.16.79.254 255.255.240.0 ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 ip addre 172.16.48.29 255.255.255.252 ip nat inside duplex auto speed auto!interface Serial0/0/0 ip addre 172.16.48.18 255.255.255.252 ip nat inside clock rate 4000000!interface Serial0/0/1 ip addre 172.16.48.22 255.255.255.252 ip nat inside clock rate 4000000!interface Serial0/2/0 ip addre 222.191.1.1 255.255.255.0 ip nat outside clock rate 4000000!interface Serial0/2/1 no ip addre!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!router ospf 100 log-adjacency-changes network 172.16.48.16 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.48.20 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 172.16.64.0 0.0.15.255 area 0 network 172.16.48.28 0.0.0.3 area 0 network 222.191.1.0 0.0.0.255 area 0 default-information originate!ip nat pool Campus 222.191.1.3 222.191.1.251 netmask 255.255.255.0 ip nat pool Campus1 222.191.2.1 222.191.2.254 netmask 255.255.255.0 ip nat inside source list 1 pool Campus overload ip nat inside source static 172.16.64.1 222.191.1.254 ip nat inside source static 172.16.64.2 222.191.1.253 ip nat inside source static 172.16.48.30 222.191.1.252 ip clale ip route 0.0.0.0 0.0.0.0 222.191.1.2!acce-list 1 permit 172.16.0.0 0.0.3.255 acce-list 1 permit 172.16.4.0 0.0.3.255 acce-list 1 permit any acce-list 1 permit 172.16.16.0 0.0.3.255 acce-list 1 permit 172.16.20.0 0.0.3.255 acce-list 1 permit 172.16.32.0 0.0.3.255 acce-list 1 permit 172.16.36.0 0.0.3.255!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronous line vty 0 4 login!end e.外网的路由器Router5 Building configuration...Current configuration : 635 bytes!version 12.4 no service timestamps log datetime msec no service timestamps debug datetime msec no service paword-encryption!hostname Router!no ip domain-lookup!interface FastEthernet0/0 ip addre 222.191.5.254 255.255.255.0 duplex auto speed auto!interface FastEthernet0/1 no ip addre duplex auto speed auto shutdown!interface Serial0/0/0 ip addre 222.191.1.2 255.255.255.0!interface Serial0/0/1 no ip addre shutdown!interface Vlan1 no ip addre shutdown!ip clale!line con 0 exec-timeout 0 0 logging synchronous line vty 0 4 login!end(4)服务器的配置

a.WEB服务器的配置如下：

b.FTP服务器的配置如下：

c.DNS服务器的配置如下：

五.调试运行过程

1.校区一ping校区二

2.校区一ping校区三

3.校区二ping外网主机

4.校区三ping Web服务器

5.校区三ping Ftp服务器

6.外部主机ping内网Web服务器

7.外部主机ping内网Ftp服务器

六．调试过程中出现的问题及相应解决办法

1.问题：在网络规划中要使用DHCP服务来自动给主机分配ip地址，但是主机请求DHCP服 务的数据包是广播包，无法跨越路由器。如果在每个VLAN中添加一个DHCP服务器，那么网络的实施成本将大幅度提高。

解决方案：开启每个校区的三层交换机的DHCP功能，给通过设置default-router来给相应的VLAN提供DHCP服务。

2.问题：为了给用户提供人性化的服务，在网络规划中要使用DNS服务器。主机请求DNS服务的数据包是广播包，无法跨越路由器。在每个网段中配置一台DNS服务器是不现实的。

解决方案：将DNS服务器放置在校园网络的出口路由器上，为内网和外网提供域名解析服务。同时每个校区的三层交换机在配置DHCP服务时，要设置dns-server，为主机提供DNS服务器的ip地址。

七.心得体会

为期一周的计算机网络课程设计将近结束，在这一周的时间里，通过需求分析、网络规划、子网划分、网络架构、各种网络设备的配置以及调试运行，我最终完成了该校园网络的设计与实施。通过这次课程设计，我熟悉了子网划分的步骤，深入理解了VLSM，进一步认识了路由器和交换机在互联网中的作用，熟练掌握了交换机和路由器的配置，VLAN的配置、NAT的配置以及各种服务器的配置。在这次课程设计中，我受益匪浅，对计算机网络有了更加深刻的认识，动手能力得到了很大提高。

八．参考资料

1.《CCNA中文学习指南》

2.《CCNP SWITCH（642-813）学习指南》 3.《思科网络实验室路由、交换实验指南》