终止性动词与延续性动词_终止性动词
终止性动词与延续性动词由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“终止性动词”。
终止性动词与延续性动词2009-08-13 11:38 终止性动词
英语中，动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。
终止性动词也称非延续性动词、瞬间动词或短暂性动词，表示不能延续的动作，这种动作发生后立即结束。如open, close, finish, begin, come, go, arrive, reach, get to, leave, move, borrow,buy等。
终止性动词的用法特征
1.终止性动词可用来表示某一动作完成，因此可用于现在完成时。如：
The train has arrived.火车到了。
Have you joined the computer group?你加入电脑小组了吗？
2.终止性动词表示的动作极其短暂，不能持续。因此，不可与表示一段时间的状语连用(只限肯定式)。如：
(1)他死了三年了。
误：He has died for three years.正：He has been dead for three years.正：He died three years ago.正：It is three years since he died.正：Three years has paed since he died.(2)他来这儿五天了。
误：He has come here for five days.正：He has been here for five days.正：He came here five days ago.正：It is five days since he came here.正：Five days has paed since he came here.(1)、(2)句中的die、come为终止性动词，不能与表示“段时间”的状语连用。那么，应如何正确表达呢？可以采用下面的四种方法：
(1)将句中终止性动词转换为相应的延续性动词，如上面两例中的第一种正确表达方式。下面列举几例：leave→be away, borrow→keep, buy→have, begin/start→be on, die→be dead, move to→live in, finish→be over, join→be in/be a member of, open sth.→keep sth.open, fall ill→be ill, get up→be up, catch a cold→have a cold。
(2)将句中表示“段时间”的状语改为表示过去确定时间的状语，如下面两例中的第二种正确表达方式。
(3)用句型“It is+段时间+since...”表达原意，如上面两例中的第三种正确表达方式。
(4)用句型“时间+has paed+since...”表达原意，如上面两例中的第四种正确表达方式。
3.终止性动词可用于现在完成时否定式中，成为可以延续的状态，因而可与表示一段时间的状语连用。如：
He hasn't left here since 1986.I haven't heard from my father for two weeks.4.终止性动词的否定式与until/till连用，构成“not+终止性动词+until/till...”的句型，意为“直到„„才„„”。如：
You can't leave here until I arrive.直到我到了，你才能离开这里。
I will not go to bed until I finish drawing the picture tonight.今天晚上直到我画完画，我才上床睡觉。
5.终止性动词可以用于when引导的时间状语从句中，但不可以用于while引导的时间状语从句中。when表示的时间是“点时间”(从句谓语动词用终止性动词)，也可以是“段时间”(从句谓语动词用延续性动词)。而while表示的是一个较长的时间或过程，从句谓语动词用延续性动词。如：
When we reached London, it was twelve o'clock.(reach为终止性动词)
Please look after my daughter while/when we are away.(be away为延续性动词短语)
6.终止性动词完成时不可与how long连用(只限于肯定式)。如：
误：How long have you come here?
正：How long have you been here?
正：When did you come here?
延续性动词
一、延续性动词
延续性动词表示的动作不但可以延续，而且可以产生持久的影响。常见的这类动词有：be，have，keep，know，learn，lie，live，read，sing，sleep，stand，stay，wait，walk，watch等。延续性动词的用法很广，但常见于现在完成时中的句子中，且常与for，how，long，since等引导的表示一段时间的状语或状语从句连用。例如：
1．I have learned more than 1，000 Chinese words since I came to China．
自从来到中国，我已经学会了l，000多个汉字。
2．We have lived in Linqing since we came here．自从来到这儿，我们就一直住在临清。
3．I have kept the picture for about three years．这张画我保存了大约三年。
延续性动词又称持续性动词，它所表示的是一种持续的动作。
延续性动词可与表示一段时间的时间状语连用,而非延续性动词不行
举个例子：
(1)How long have you had it? 这辆车你买了多久了？
[说明] 在英语中，非延续性动词不能与表示一段时间的时间状语连用。所以我们不说“How
long have you bought it?”因为how long 是“多久”的意思，而buy是非延续性动词，二者
不相配。常用的非延续性动词有：become, begin, buy, borrow, arrive, come, die, fall,finish, get to know, go, join, leave, marry, start, stop等。为了表达这种意思，我们常用
相应的延续性动词 have,keep 或短语 “be+名词，形容词，位置副词，介词短语” 来代替非
延续动词。如：become---be, begin---have/ be on, borrow---keep, buy---have,come---be here/there/in„, die---be dead, finish---be over, join---be in,leave---be away等。
例如：His father has been dead for one year.(不能用die)
他父亲死了一年了。
My brother has been in the army for two years.(不能用join)
我哥哥参军两年了。
I have kept the book for two weeks.(不能用borrow)
我借这本书两个星期了。
非延续性动词可用与现在完成时态,但由于动作是瞬时间完成的所以不能与for或since引出的时间状语连用.英语中常见的非延续性动词在完成时态中可改为相应的表示延续性的动词或短语,这时可与表示一段时间的的状语连用.Now let's do some exercise!
Which one is correct Can you tell me
He has joined the Party for two years.He has been a Party member for two years.I have bought this computer for a month.I have had this computer for a month.Do this exercise!
I have come here.for two years
He has gone to Beijing.for three months
My mother has left that factory.for ten years
We have started to learn English.for 5 years
I have been here for two years.He has been in Beijing for three months.My mother has been away from that factory
for ten years.We have learned English for 5 years.The film has been on for 10 minutes
They have had a TV for 2 weeks.They have bought a TV.for 2 days
The film has begun.for 10 minutes
I have borrowed a book.for 3 weeks
I have kept a book for 3 weeks.He has been dead for ten years.I have had a cold for several days.瞬间性动词
瞬间性动词在下列几种情况下可以与段时间状语连用：
一、瞬间性动词表示延续性词义时
有些瞬间性动词可以表示延续性词义，这时它们就可以与段时间状语连用了。例如：
I'm going away for a few days.我要出去几天。(go away 表示travel)
I went to Paris for two weeks.我去了巴黎两个星期。(go to表示 visit)
We go to the seaside for a week every August.我们每年八月都要到海滨度过一个星期。(go 表示travel)
She left me waiting in the rain for an hour.她让我在雨里等了一个小时。(leave表示cause sb./ sth.to be or remain in a particular state or position，即“使某人或某物处于某一特定的状态”。)
二、瞬间性动词的否定形式
瞬间性动词的否定形式可以表示某一状态，这时，可以与段时间状语连用。例如：
Don't get off until the bus stops.等车停了再下车。(停车之前要处于呆在车上的状态。)
三、瞬间性动词的被动结构
“be+瞬间性动词的过去分词”即系表结构也可以表示状态，因此也可以与段时间状语连用。例如：
They have been married for ten years.他们结婚已经十年了。
The book has been lost for a week.那书已经丢了一周了。
当要表达瞬间性动作发生之后一段时间的概念时，可以有多种不同的表达方式。试比较：
汤姆到了三十分钟了。
方法1：Tom has been here for 30 minutes.方法2：It's 30 minutes since Tom arrived.方法3：Tom got here 30 minutes ago.艾丽丝直到她妈妈回来了才睡觉。
方法1： Alice didn't go to bed until her mother came back.方法2： Alice stayed up until her mother came back.你们认识多长时间了？
方法1： How long have you known each other?
方法2： How long ago did you get to know each other?
方法3： How long is it since you got to know each other?
Exercises:
根据汉语完成句子。
1.火车离开已经十五分钟了。
(1)The train ______ ______ ______ for fifteen minutes.(2)fifteen minutes the train left.2.我直到夜里十二点才睡觉。
(1)I______ ______ ______ ______ until 12 at night.(2)I______ ______ until 12 at night.3.他戒烟已经三个月了。
(1)______ three months______ he ______ ______ smoking.(2)He______ ______ for three months.4.他爸爸去世已经三年了。
(1)His father ______ ______ ______ ______.(2)His father______ ______ ______ for three years.(3)______ three years______ his father______.Key: 1.(1)has been gone(2)It's;since
2.(1)didn't go to bed(2)stayed up
3.(1)It's;since;gave up
(2)hasn't smoked
4.(1)died three years ago
(2)has been dead
(3)It's;since;died 更多我的日记
►一般过去时和现在完成时 2009-08-13 11:34 ►现在完成时 2009-08-13 11:18 ►过去完成进行时 2009-08-13 11:17
终止性动词和延续性动词动词按其动作发生的方式、动作发生过程的长短，可分为延续性动词和终止性动词。 延续性动词表示能够延续的动作。如：study, work, stand, lie, know, wa......
大部分都是,如: live,run,stay,clean,play,hold,watch,teach,read,study,teach,eat,drink,write,dance, sing,smoke 瞬间性动词: open,stop,like,love,die,win,close,shot,......
（一）自动词和他动词的意义 自动词：动词本身能完整地表示主语的某种动作的词。 他动词：动词需要有一个宾语才能完整地表现主语的动作或作用的词例： 风が吹く（自动词）彼がタオルを绞......
Fahren 驾驶；运送；vi 乘坐。。前往；行驶 a.abfahren 出发，开出 Wann fährt das nächste Schiff ab?下一班船什么时候出发？b.anfahren 开动，行动；碰倒，撞倒；擦过；vi 开动，开行；驶近，驶来......
take off起飞；脱下；动身；匆匆离开take on承担；呈现；同…较量；开始雇用 take over接受；接管；借用；接办 take down记下；拆卸；记下来；取下 take place发生；进行；举行；产生 take apart拆卸；拆开；......
