卡斯特桥市长 读书笔记_老人与海读书笔记七篇
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卡斯特桥市长
托马斯·哈代
1.作者介绍：
哈代（Thomas Hardy 1840.6.2～1928.1.12）英国诗人、小说家。他是横跨两个世纪的作家，早期和中期的创作以小说为主，继承和发扬了维多利亚时代的文学传统；晚年以其出色的诗歌开拓了英国20世纪的文学。
哈代的文学生涯开始于诗歌，后因无缘发表，改事小说创作。哈代一生共发表了近20部长篇小说，其中最著名的当推《德伯家的苔丝》、《无名的裘德》、《还乡》和《卡斯特桥市长》。诗8集，共918首，此外，还有许多以“威塞克斯故事”为总名的中短篇小说，以及长篇史诗剧《列王》。
2.写作背景及主题思想
他生于英国西南部的一个小村庄，毗邻多塞特郡大荒原，这里的自然环境日后成了哈代作品的主要背景。哈代的作品反映了资本主义侵入英国农村城镇后所引起的社会经济、政治、道德、风俗等方面的深刻变化以及人民（尤其是妇女）的悲惨命运，揭露了资产阶级道德、法律和宗教的虚伪性。他的作品承上启下，既继承了英国批判现实主义的优秀传统，也为20世纪的英国文学开拓了道路。
3.故事情节介绍
《卡斯特桥市长》是托马斯·哈代1886年写成的一部重要小说。故事发生在19世纪的英国，小说中的主人公——亨查德勤奋努力，发家致富，从一个无名小子爬到市长的宝座，最终因性格的弱点而受到命运的捉弄，最终在贫困孤独中凄惨地死去。
迈克尔·亨查德年轻时是个打草工，为人正直、善良。在一次喝醉酒时，以区区五几尼的价钱，就把他的妻子和女儿卖给了一个水手——纽森。酒醒后，他幡然悔悟，发下重誓，接下来的二十年绝对滴酒不沾。后来，通过努力工作，他生意亨通，受人尊敬，还当上卡斯特桥市长。
十八年后，当他决定要娶他的情人露西塔时，他的前妻出现了。他前妻以为她的水手丈夫葬身大海了，便带了她的女儿——伊丽莎白·简来找亨查德。于是，他又与前妻重归于好。亨查德却由于对生意合伙人法尔弗雷的嫉妒、排挤，加之他生性倔强执拗，结果生意失败，并失去市长的公职。
结婚后不久前妻去世了，他从妻子给他留下的信中发现他的女儿伊丽莎白并不是他的亲生女儿，自己的女儿早就死了。他为此感到非常烦恼，开始冷落伊丽莎白。她只好搬出去和亨查德的旧情人露西塔同住。
本来打算与亨查德结婚的露西塔后来与法尔弗雷相爱并嫁给了他。法尔弗雷成了亨查德生意和爱情上的竞争对手。破产和羞辱使他陷入狼狈的境地，而且他有伤风化的卖妻行为也开始流传歼来。落魄不堪的他靠给法尔弗雷干活来养活自己。伊丽莎白成了他惟一的慰藉。可好景不长，纽森回来并与女儿伊丽莎白相认。在伊丽莎白与法尔弗雷的婚礼上，他受到了冷遇。于是他黯然离开了卡斯特桥市，在孤独中悲惨地离开人世。
4.自己喜欢的句子：
Chapter1.He wore a short jacket of brown corduroy, newer than the remainder of his suit, which
was a fustian waistcoat with white horn buttons, breeches of the same, tanned
leggings, and a straw hat overlaid with black glazed canvas.He rose and walked to the entrance with the careful tread of one conscious of his
alcoholic load.No other than such relationship would have accounted for the atmosphere of stale.The same dust as it lay on the road deadening their footfalls like a carpet.He asked phlegmatically, designating the village in his van by a wave of the
broadsheet.Chapter2.The morning sun was streaming through the crevices of the canvas when the man
awoke.A confused picture of the events of the previous evening seemed to come back to him,and he thrust his hand into his breast-pocket.A rustling revealed the sailor's
bank-notes thrust carelely in.Among the odds and ends he discerned a little shining object, and picked it up.This seemed to accord with his desire.Weeks counted up to months, and still he searched on, maintaining himself by small
jobs of work in the intervals.Trees had put on as of yore their aspect of dingy green.A glance was sufficient to inform the eye that this was Susan Henchard's grown-up
daughter.Having sufficiently rested they proceeded on their way at evenfall.Chapter3.The walked with joined hands, and it could be perceived that this was the act of
simple affection.Her customer smiled bitterly at this survival of the old trick, and shook her head with a meaning
the old woman was far from translating.Chapter4.To the liege subjects of Labour, the England of those days was a continent, and a mile
a geographical degree.It was on a Friday evening, near the middle of September, and just before dusk, that
they reached the summit of a hill within a mile of the place they sought.There were
highbanked hedges to the coach-road here, and they mounted upon the green turf
within, and sat down.The spot commanded a full view of the town and its environs.Chapter5.That laugh was not encouraging to strangers, and hence it may have been well that it
was rarely heard.There was temper under the thin bland surface--the temper which, artificially
intensified, had banished a wife nearly a score of years before.The interruption was sufficient to compel the Mayor to notice it.Chapter6.Men were putting their heads together in twos and threes, telling good stories, with
pantomimic laughter which reached convulsive grimace.Chapter7.The tremors in Susan Henchard's tone might have led any person but one so perfectly
unsuspicious of the truth as the girl was, to surmise some closer connection than the
admitted simple kinship as a means of accounting for them.Chapter8
Behind their backs was a small window, with a wheel ventilator in one of the panes, which would suddenly start off spinning with a jingling sound, as suddenly stop, and as suddenly start again.Chapter9
It was about ten o'clock, and market-day, when Elizabeth paced up the High Street, in no great hurry, for to herself her position was only that of a poor relation deputed to
hunt up a rich one.The front doors of the private houses were mostly left open at this warm autumn time, no thought of umbrella stealers disturbing the minds of the placid burgees.Chapter12.Can it be that it will go off so easily!“ he said.”Poor thing--God knows!Now then, to make amends to Susan!“
Chapter44.The bright autumn sun shining into his eyes acro the stubble awoke him the next
morning early.Chapter45.On it there was pencilled as follows.But it was by no means easy to set about discovering Henchard.His face showed marks of deep sadne, his eyes lighting on them with an unfocused
gaze.5.哈代的悲剧观的形成有以下两点原因（来自于有关专家的评论）
（一）社会影响。
哈代生活在一个过度时期，当时英国社会正在经历由自由资本主义向垄断主义蜕变的过
程。19世纪晚期，英国的中西部已经工业化了。资本家越来越富有，而工人、小生产商和
农民则日趋贫困。这就使得两个阶级之间的差别更加明显了，另外，两个阶级之间的矛盾也
进一步被激化了。
在哈代看来，这两个阶级之间的战争是不可避免的，也是不可调和的。那么谁又是这场
战争中的始作俑者与领头羊呢？谁又会从中攫取利益呢？哈代找不出这些问题的答案，他只
能认为是那冥冥中的神
秘力量主宰了这一切。随着阶级之间战争的继续，越来越多的贫苦大众先失去了他们的家园和财产，他们背井离乡，彻底地绝望了。随着广大贫苦大众的目光，哈代也发现生活中
不再有光明和希望。这是形成他的悲剧观的主要原因。
（二）个人信仰。
整个中世纪及中世纪以前，欧洲及中亚地区宿命论的书籍广泛流传。大量阅读的哈代深
受其影响。除此之外，哈代这位虔诚的基督教徒深信《圣经》中所说的人类生来就是有罪的。因此在他看来，人类是生来就注定要经受困苦和折磨的。芸芸众生都要以此种方式来赎罪。这也促进了哈代的悲剧观的形成。
鉴于以上这两点原因，哈代的悲剧观形成了，而这也成为了他以后进行创作的主线，也是哈
代多数作品中的主题。
实际上，哈代正式的悲剧创作应是从1847年《远离纷攘的人群》开始的。从那以后，无论是他的《回乡》还是《卡斯特桥市长》，《德伯家的苔丝》还是《无名的裘德》，他的悲
观主义观点都随处可见。本文主要从人物命运，情节发展以及对景物描写这三个方面来探讨
其悲剧观在《卡斯特桥市长》中的体现。
6.个人感想
小说围绕男主人公亨察尔的悲剧命运展开，造成其悲剧命运的原因被人们广泛讨论。评
论界很多人认为《卡斯特桥市长》这部小说受到古希腊悲剧的影响，造成亨察尔的悲剧是由
于他类似于古希腊悲剧英雄的多重性格。但是，我也同意有些评论家的说法，他们认为亨察
尔的悲剧不仅仅是其多重性格造成的，社会的变革也是造成其悲剧的重要因素。在这部小说
中，哈代对19世纪末的英国农村社会的命运通过亨察尔这个人物进行了严肃认真的探索，描写了19世纪英国农村旧的社会制度被资本主义经济体系逐渐取代的过程。
因此，小说中的主人公亨察尔的悲剧比以前哈代作品中的任何人物的悲剧都要具有更广
泛和深刻的社会意义。
故事中的主人公——性格鲁莽倔强的亨查德年轻时曾经在酒后犯了大错，将妻女卖给了
一个水手。若干年后他当了卡斯特桥市长，他的妻女突然出现，一家人团圆，此后他还找到
了一个能干的苏格兰人做助手。
然而他性格上的弱点再一次击垮了他。他一步步落魄，直至众叛亲离，凄凉死去。作者
借故事的各种阴差阳错和戏剧性冲突，抒发了“性格即命运”和“幸福不过是一段偶然的插
曲”的感叹！
Sarah
英语1003班
03
