祈使句_祈使句用
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(一)祈使句用法讲解
祈使句指的是表示命令、请求、建议或劝告的句子。其主语you常省略,谓语动词用原形,句末用感叹号或句号,读降调。1.肯定的祈使句(1)动词原形+其他
Stand up, please.= Please stand up.请起立。(2)Be + n./adj.Be a good boy!要做一个好孩子!
Be careful!= Look out!= Take care!小心 / 当心!(3)Let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分
Let me help you.让我来帮你。
Let’s go to school together.咱们一起上学去吧。
2.否定的祈使句(1)Don't + 动词原形
Don't stand up.别站起来。
Don't be carele.别粗心。
Don't let them play with fire.别让他们玩火。
(2)Let型的否定式有两种:“Don't + let + 宾语 + 动词原形 + 其它成分”和“Let + 宾语
+ not + 动词原形 + 其它成分”。
Don't let him go./ Let him not go.别让他走。
Let them not play with fire.别让他们玩火。(3)no开头,用来表示禁止性的祈使句。
No smoking!禁止吸烟!No fishing!禁止钓鱼!
3.祈使句的强调形式,通常在肯定祈使句式前加上助动词Do。
例如:Do shut up!快住口!
4.祈使句的回答
祈使句的动作通常是表示将来发生的动作,所以回答祈使句时,一般用
will或won’t。
在回答具有否定意义的祈使句时,要注意两点:
1)形式一致(即Yes与will保持一致;No与won’t保持一致)2)意思相反(即Yes是 “不”的意思;No是 “是”的意思)。
在回答时,要注意分析上下文语境中所提供的条件。
如:---Don’t go out, please.It’s raining heavily outside.请不要出去。外面雨下得很大。
----Yes, I will.I have to meet my brother at the airport.不行,我得去机场接我弟弟。
(二)易错点讲解
1、放句首时,要注意Don’t后面要用动词原形;
2、当人称后面有标点符号时,要注意是用祈使句还是用三单。如:Lucy, don’t be late again.Lucy, a 17-year-old girl, is not late again.3、祈使句与or的搭配,如:Hands up, or we’ll shoot.【趁热打铁】
1._______ late again, Bill!
A.Don't to be
B.Don't be
C.Not be
D.Be not 2._______ cro the road until the traffic lights turn green.A.Not
B.Won't
C.Doesn't
D.Don't 3.Kate, _______ your homework here tomorrow.A.bring
B.brings
C.to bring
D.bringing 4.________ me the truth, or I'll be angry.A.Telling
B.To tell
C.Told
D.Tell 5.Her doctor said: “________ work so hard”
A Stop
B Don’t
C Can’t
D No
6.Sindy, ________ to be here at 8 o’clock
A is sure
B is sure that
C will be sure
D be sure
7.________ when you cro the road.A Do care
B Care
C Do be careful
D To be careful
8.________ in bed.It’s bad for your eyes.A Not to read
B Don’t read
C Don’t to read
D Not read 9 ______ tell a lie.A Hardly
B Not
C No
D Never
(一)should用法讲解
1.用于第一人称疑问句,表征询意见。如:Should I open the window? 我可以开窗户吗? 2.should表义务,可用于各种句式,通常指将来。
如:You should do what your parents tell you.你应该照你父母的话去做事。
He should do some work, but he doesn’t want to.他应该做些工作,但是他不想做。也可指现在。如:
You shouldn’t be sitting in the sun.你不应该坐在阳光下。3.should表推测,暗含很大的可能。如:
It’s 4:30.They should be in New York by now.现在是四点半,他们应该到达纽约了。
(二)had better用法讲解 1.had better的基本用法特点 其意为“最好”、“应该”,后接动词原形,与情态动词should用法相似,其中的had通常缩略为 ‘d。如:
You’d better get some sleep.你最好去睡一会儿。
We had better go before it rains.我们最好在下雨前就去。2.had better如何构成否定式和疑问式
构成否定式时,通常将not置于had better之后(而不是had之后);而构成疑问式时,则通常将had(而不是had better)置于主语之前。如: I’d better not disturb him.我最好别去打扰他。What had we better do? 我们最好怎么办?
【注】在否定疑问句或反意疑问句中可将not与had连用。如: Hadn’t we better go now? 我们是不是现在就去呢? 3.had better后接进行式
有时后接动词的进行式,表示最好马上做某事如: I think I’d better be going.我想我最好还是马上走。
You’d better be getting your clothes ready.你最好马上把衣服准备好。
【趁热打铁】
一、句式转换:
1、You should go to school on time.(否定句)_________________________________________________________________
2、You had better get here early.(否定句)_________________________________________________________________
3、You should dre neatly.(同义句)
_________________________________________________________________
4、We’d better put the rubbish in the bin.(划线提问)
二、单选
()1.This dictionary belongs to Rita.You ____________ it home without letting her know.A.had better not to take
B.shouldn’t take C.needn’t take D.shouldn’t be taking()2.This is a very important project,so you _______ plan it very carefully.A.should
B.will
C.dare
D.need()3.You had better ________ football near the street,it’s very dangerous.A.not to play
B.don’t play
C.not play
D.to not play()4.Our money is very limited,so you ___________ so much money on so dear a skirt.A.shouldn’t spent
B.shouldn’t be spending C.needn’t spent
D.won’t spend
五、may的用法
1、can, could的用法
1.表能力,意为“能、会”。
例:Can you play basketball? 你会打篮球么? 2.表怀疑、猜测,常用于否定句和疑问句中。例:He can’t be in the room.他不可能在房间里。3.表请求或允许,多用于口语中,意为“可以”,相当于may.例:You can(may)go now.你现在可以走了。
4.could是 can的过去式,可以表示过去的能力。
例:I can swim when I was seven years old.我七岁时就会游泳。–Could I go to the movie this weekend, Dad?--Yes, you ______.But you have to come back before nine.A.shall
B.must
C.need
D.can2、may的用法
1.表推测,意为“可能,也许”,用于肯定句中。He may come tomorrow.他明天可能会来。2.表请求、许可,意为“可以”。
例:May I borrow your book? 我可以借用你的书么?
注意:may表请求,用于主语为第一人称的一般疑问句时,其否定回答用mustn’t或can’t, 不用may not, 意为“不可以,不允许,禁止”。例:--May I go now? 我现在可以走了么?--No, you mustn’t.不,不可以。
3.can 和may均可用来表示征求意见或允许,意为“可以”,一般可互换使用。may 的基本用法就是表示请求时的“可以”和猜测时的“可能”,但要再次强调may 表示 猜测时是可以用在肯定句、否定句中的。另外,may引起的一般疑问句,其回答需要注意:肯定回答可以使用may或者can都可以,但否定回答则不能用may not, 只能用can’t 或者mustn’t.--_____ I take the newspaper away?--No, you mustn’t.You _____ read it only here.A.Must, can
B.May, can
C.Need, must
D.Must, must 【趁热打铁】
1.The man in the office ________ be Mr.Black, because he went home just now.A.mustn’t
B.may not
C.can’t
D.needn’t 2.John___ come to see us tonight, but he isn't very sure yet.A.may
B.can
C.has to
D.must 3 —May I take this book out? —No, you___.A.can't
B.may not
C.needn't
D.aren't 4.—He___ be in the claroom, I think.—No, he ___ be in the claroom.I saw him go home a minute ago.A.can;may not B.must;may not C.may;can't
D.may;mustn't 5.___ I take this one?
A.May
B.Will
C.Are
D.Do