2000CET4完形填空_cet4完形填空

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#2000年1月CET4完形填空

In a telephone survey of more than 2，000 adults，21% said they believed the sun revolved around the earth.An additional 7% did not know which revolved around which.I have no doubt that virtually all of these people were taught in school that the earth revolves around the sun；they may even have written it on a test.But they never altered their incorrect mental models of planetary motion because their everyday observations didn’t support what their teachers told them: People see the sun moving acro the sky as morning turns to night，and the earth seems stationary while that is happening.Students can learn the right answers by heart in cla，and yet never combined them with their working models of the world.The objectively correct answer the profeor accepts and the student’s personal understanding of the world can exist side by side，each unaffected by the other.Outside of cla，the student continues to use the personal model because it has always worked well in that circumstance.Unle profeors addre specific errors in students’ personal models of the world，students are not likely to replace them with the correct one.#2001年1月CET4完形填空

For the past two years, I have been working on students’ evaluation of claroom teaching.I have kept a record of informal conversations involving some 300 students from at least twenty one colleges and universities.The students were generally frank and direct in their comments on how course work could be better presented.Most of their remarks were kindly made—with tolerance rather than bitterne—and frequently were softened by the case that the students were speaking about some, not all, instructors.Neverthele, as the following suggestions and comments indicate, students feel diatisfied with things as they are in the claroom.Profeors should be discouraged from reading lecture notes.“It makes their voices monotonous.”If they are going to read, why not give out copies of the lecture? Then we shouldn’t need to go to cla.Profeors should avoid repeating in lectures material that is in the textbook.Once we’ve read the material, we want to discu it or hear it elaborated on, not repeated.“A lot of students hate to buy a required text that the profeor has written only to have his lectures repeat it.”

#2001年6月CET4完形填空

More than forty thousand readers told us that they looked for in close friendships, what they expected of friends, what they were willing to give in return, and how satisfied they were with the quality of their friendships.The expectations give little comfort to social critics.Friendship appears to be a unique form of individual bonding.Unlike marriage or the ties that bind parents and children, it is not defined or regulated by law.Unlike other social roles that we are expected to play—as citizens, employees, members of profeional societies and other organizations—it has its own principle, which is to promote feelings of warmth, trust, love, and affection between two people.The survey on friendship appeared in the March iue of Psychology Today.The

findings confirm that iues of trust and betrayal are central to friendship.They also suggest that our readers do not look for friends only among those who are most like them, but find many who differ in race, religion, and ethnic background.Arguably the most important conclusion that emerges from the data, however, is not something that we found—but what we did not.#2002年1月CET4完形填空

One summer night, on my way home from work I decided to see a movie.I knew the theatre would be airconditioned and I couldn’t face my hot apartment.Sitting in the theatre I had to look through the opening between the two tall heads in front of me.I had to keep changing the angle every time she leaned over to talk to him, or he leaned over to ki her.Why do Americans display such affection in a public place? I thought the movie would be good for my English, but as it turned out, it was an Italian movie.After about an hour I decided to give up on the movie and concentrate on my popcorn.I’ve never understood why they give you so much popcorn!It tasted pretty good, though.After a while I heard no more of the romanticsounding Italians.I just heard the sound of the popcorn crunching between my teeth.My thought started to wander.I remembered when I was in South Korea, I used to watch Kojak on TV frequently.He spoke perfect Korean—I was really amazed.He seemed like a good friend to me, until I saw him again in New York speaking informal English instead of perfect Korean.He didn’t even have a Korean accent and I felt like I had been betrayed.When our family moved to the United States six years ago, none of us spoke any English.Once we had begun to learn a few words, my mother suggested that we all should speak English at home.Everyone agreed, but our house became very quiet and we all seemed to avoid each other.We sat at the dinner table in silence, preferring that to speaking in a difficult language.Mother tried to say something in English but it came out all wrong and we all burst into laughter and decided to forget it!We’ve been speaking Korean at home ever since.#2003年1月CET4完形填空

A language is a signaling system which operates with symbolic vocal sounds, and which is used by a group of people for the purpose of communication.Let’s look at this definition in more detail because it is language, more than anything else, as distinguishes man from the rest of the physical world.Other animals, it is true, communicate with one another by means of cries: for example, many birds utter warning calls at the approach of danger;monkeys utter different cries, such as expreions of anger, fear and pleasure.But these various means of communication differ in important ways from human language.For instance, animals’ cries do not expre thoughts and feelings clearly.This means, basically, that they lack structure.They lack the kind of structure that enables us to divide a human utterance into words.We can change an utterance by replacing one word in it with another: a good illustration of this is a soldier who can say, e.g., “tanks approaching from the north”, and who can change one word and say “aircraft approaching from the north” or “tanks approaching from the west”;but a bird has a single alarm cry, which means “danger!”

This is why the number of signals that an animal can make is very limited: the great tit is a case in point;it has about twenty different calls, whereas in human language the number of poible utterances is limitle.It also explains why animal cries are very alike in meaning.#2004年1月CET4完形填空

It’s an annual backtoschool routine.One morning you wave goodbye, and that very evening you’re burning the latenight oil in sympathy.In the race to improve educational standards, schools are throwing the books at kids.Even elementary school students are complaining of homework fatigue.What’s a wellmeaning parent to do?As hard as it may be, sit back and chill, experts advise.Though you’ve got to get them to do it, by helping too much, or even examining answers too carefully, you may keep them from doing it by themselves.“I wouldn’t advise a parent to check every single aignment,” says psychologist John Rosemond, author of Ending the Tough Homework.“There’s a lack of appreciation for trial and error.Let your children earn the grade they deserve.”

Many experts believe parents should gently look over the work of younger children and ask them to rethink their mistakes.But “you don’t want them to feel it has to be perfect,” she says.That’s not to say parents should ignore homework—first, they should monitor how much homework their kids have.Thirty minutes a day in the early elementary years and an hour in grades four, five, and six is standard, says Rosemond.For juniorhigh students it should be “ no more than an hour and a half,” and two for highschool students.If your child consistently has more homework than this, you may want to check with other parents and then talk to the teacher about reducing aignment.#2004年6月CET4完形填空

Historians tend to tell the same joke when they are describing history education in America.It’s the one about the teacher standing in the schoolroom door waving goodbye to students for the summer and calling after them, “By the way, we won World War II.”

The problem with the joke, of course, is that it’s not funny.The recent surveys on historical illiteracy are beginning to numb: nearly one third of American 17yearolds cannot even identify which countries the United States fought against in that war.One third have no idea when the Declaration of Independence was signed.One third thought Columbus reached the New World after 1750.Two thirds cannot correctly judge the Civil War between 1850 and 1900.Even when they get the answers right, some are just gueing.Unlike math or science, ignorance of history cannot be directly connected to lo of international community.But it does affect our future as a democratic nation and as individuals.The good news is that there is growing agreement on what is wrong with the teaching of history and what needs to be done to fix it.The steps are tentative or yet to be felt in most clarooms.#2005年1月CET4完形填空

Wise buying is a positive way in which you can make your money go further.The way you go about purchasing an article or a service can actually save your money or can add to the cost.Take the simple example of a hairdryer.If you are buying a hairdryer, you might think that you are making the best buy if you choose one whose look you like and which is also the cheapest in price.But when you get it home you may find that it takes twice as long as a more expensive model to dry your hair.The cost of the electricity plus the cost of your time could well make your hairdryer the most expensive one of all.So what principles should you adopt when you go out shopping?

If you keep your home, your car or any valuable poeion in excellent condition, you’ll be saving money in the long run.Before you buy a new appliance, talk to someone who owns one.If you can, use it or borrow it to check if it suits your particular purpose.Before you buy an expensive item, or a service, do check the price and what is on offer.If poible, choose from three items or three estimates.#2006年1月CET4完形填空

As a physician who travels quite a lot, I spend a lot of time on planes listening to that dreaded “Is there a doctor on board?” announcement.I’ve been called only once—for a woman who had merely fainted.But the Accident made me quite curious about how often this kind of thing happens.I wondered what I would do if confronted with a real midair medical emergency—without acce to a hospital staff and the usual emergency equipment.So while the New England Journal of Medicine last week published a study about inflight medical events, I read it with interest.The study estimated that there are a(n)average of 30 inflight medical emergencies on U.S.flights every day.Most of them are not serious;fainting and dizzine are the most frequent complaints.But 13% of them—roughly four a day—are serious enough to require a pilot to change course.The most common of the serious emergencies include heart trouble, strokes, and difficult breathing.Let’s face it: plane rides are streful.For starters, cabin preures at high altitudes are set at roughly what they would be if you lived at 5,000 to 8,000 feet above sea level.Most people can tolerate these preures pretty easily, but paengers with heart disease may experience chest pains as result of the reduced amount of oxygen flowing through their blood.Another common inflight problem is deep venous thrombosis—the socalled economy cla syndrome.Whatever happens, don’t panic.Things are getting better on the inflightemergency front.Thanks to more recent legislation, flights with at least one attendant are starting to install emergency medical kits to treat heart attacks.#2006年6月CET4完形填空

The part of the environmental movement that draws my firm’s attention is the design of cities’ buildings and products.When we designed America’s first so-called “green” office building in New York two decades ago, we felt very alone.But today,thousands of people come to green building conferences, and the idea that buildings can be good for people and the environment will be increasingly influential in years to come.Back in 1984 we discovered that most manufactured products for decoration weren’t designed for indoor use.The “energy-efficient” sealed commercial buildings constructed after the 1970s energy crisis revealed indoor air quality problems caused by materials such as paint, wall covering and carpet.So far 20 years, we’ve been focusing on these materials down to the molecules, looking for ways to make them safe for people and the planet.Home builders can now use materials-such as paints that release significantly reduced amounts of organic compounds-that don’t destroy the quality of the air, water, or soil.Ultimately, however, our basic design strategy is focused not simply on being “le bad” but on creating completely healthful materials that can be either safely returned to the soil or reused by industry again and again.As a matter of fact, the world’s largest carpet manufacturer has already developed a carpet that is fully and safely recyclable.Look at it this way: No one starts out to create a building that destroys the planet.But our current industrial systems are inevitably causing these conditions, whether we like it or not.So instead of simply trying to reduce the damage, we are adopting a positive approach.We’re giving people high-quality, healthful products and an opportunity to make choices that have a beneficial effect on the world.It’s not just the building industry, either.Entire cities are taking these environmentally positive approaches to design, planning and building.Portland, Seattle and Boston have said they want to be green cities.Chicago wants to be the greenest city in the world.