高考英语考纲词汇表(用法版)_高考英语考纲词汇详解

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高考英语考纲词汇表(用法版)

A

a[], an[] art.1.一(个,件,„)2.任何„都3.每(一)4.某,某一个:I have got a ticket.我有一张票。/ an awful noise 一种可怕的噪音 / A bird can fly.鸟会飞。/ We often go to school two times a day.我们常常一天两次去学校。/ A Mr.Brown wishes to see you.一位叫布朗的先生想见你。

【注意】1.单数可数名词若泛指,其前需加 a / an,不要从汉语习惯出发,漏掉此不定冠词(高考短文改错中常考查此知识点,许多同学在做书面表达时也常犯此错),如不能说Mr.Smith is interesting man.(需在 is后 加 an)2.在序数词之前使用a(an),可以表示数量或序数的增加:Do you want to read it a third time? 你还想看第三次吗?

able[] adj.能„的,有才能的,能干的,能够的:She’s as clever and able as her sister.她像她姐姐一样聪明能干。【句型】be able to do sth 能做某事

【说明】比较级和最高级可以是 abler 和 ablest 或 more able, better able 和 most able,但不如前者常见。

【辨析】be able to 与 can的区别,见 can。

about[] prep.在附近,关于,在„周围,忙于 adv.附近,大约,转向,左右,周围:She sat up and looked about her.她坐了起来,环顾四周。/ I had no money about me.我身边没有带钱。/ She likes to walk about.她喜爱四处走走。/ There were few people about.附近几乎无人。

【句型】1.be about to do 即将,就要(不能与 tomorrow 等具体时间状语连用)2.How [What] about…(你认为)„怎么样?

【辨析】about与on:前者指泛泛地或非正式地谈论某事,后者指比较系统、深入地论述某事:It is a book on birds.那是一本论及鸟类的书。(可能是一本学术著作)/ It is a book about birds.那是一本关于鸟的书。(可能是一本供小孩看的关于鸟类的故事书)above[] prep.在„上方,过于,超出 adv.在上面 adj.上面的,上述的,上文的:We were flying above the clouds.我们在云层上面飞行。/ Health is above wealth.健康胜过财富。/ He is above doing such things.他不至于做出这样的事来。

【辨析】above与over:over 表示垂直在上的正上方,above 则不一定表示正上方(即表示正上方时两者均可用,不表示正上方时要用 above)。

abroad[] adv.到(在)国外:He has gone abroad.他出国了。/ He has just returned from abroad.他刚从国外归来。

【用法】1.是副词,不是形容词,不置于名词前作定语,但可置于名词后作定语:one’s recent tour abroad 某人最近的国外之行。2.是副词,不是名词,所以不说 go to abroad之类的。accept[] vt.接受,承认:Much to my regret, I’m unable to accept your kind invitation.我不能接受你盛情的邀请, 非常遗憾。【辨析】accept 与receive:前者指主观上接受,后者指客观上收到:He received the gift, but he did not accept it.他收到这件礼物,但没有接受。

accident[] n.[C]事故:She was injured badly in an accident during the work.她在一次工伤事故中受了重伤。【短语】by accident偶然,无意中

according to[] prep.按照,根据:from each according to his ability, to each according to his needs 各尽所能,按需分配 / According to my watch it is 10 o’clock.按我的表是10点钟。

【注意】1.不能用于第一人称,即不能说according to me(us)。2.其后不能接view, opinion等表示观点或看法的词,要表示类似意思可改用in one’s opinion等。

ache[] n.[C]疼痛 vi.痛;渴望:Her head ached all night.她的头整夜都疼。/ I am aching to join in the game.我渴望参加比赛。

achieve[] v.1.达到,取得 2.完成,实现:He hopes to achieve all his aims soon.他希望尽快达到所有目标。

acro[] prep.& adv.穿过,在另一边,在对面:We swam acro the river.我们游到河对岸。/ Acro the street from the school is the library.从学校穿过大街就是图书馆。

【辨析】acro与cro:前者为介词或副词,后者为动词。

act[] n.[C]动作;举动;节目;(戏剧的)幕;法案,法令 vi.行动;产生„的效果;表演;表现;见效 vt.扮演(角色):People praised his brave act.人们赞扬他的勇敢行为。/ Think before you act!三思而后行!/ Does the drug take long to act? 这药要很久才能起作用吗?

【短语】act as 充当 / act for 代理,代表

active[] adj.积极的,活泼的,活跃的:She is very active.她非常活跃。/ He is an active member of the club.他是俱乐部的积极分子。actor[] n.[C](男)演员:profeional actor 专业演员

actre[] n.[C]女演员:an experienced actre有经验的女演员

actual[] adj.实际的,真实的,现实的,目前的:I can not give the actual figures.我不能举出实际数字。/ What’s the actual price? 实价多少?

add[] vi.&vt.加,增加,增进,补充说:“I felt sorry for her,” Bob added.“我为她感到惋惜,”鲍勃又说道。

【短语】add in 包括 / add to 增加 / add up 加起来 / add up to 加起来等于,总之就是„ addre[] n.[C]住址,通迅处 vt.向„致辞,演说,写姓名地址:What’s your home addre? 你的家庭住址呢? / Write the addre clearly.地址请写清楚。

admire[] vt.钦佩,赞美,羡慕:I admire her for her bravery.我钦佩她的勇气。

【注意】其后不能接双宾语,也不接that 引导的宾语从句。

admit[] vt.接纳,让„进入,承认:He admitted that it was really his fault.他承认这确实得怪他。

【用法】后接动词要用动名词,不用不定式:She admitted having read the letter.她承认看过这封信。advance[] vi.前进,进展 vt.推进,促进,提升,提前,预付 n.[C,U]前进,进展,进步,提升,预付款:The general commanded his men to advance.将军命令他的士兵向前挺进。

【短语】in advance 在前头,事先,提前 / in advance of 在„前面,比„进步,超过 / on the advance(物价)在上涨 / advance on 朝„前进

advantage[] n.[C,U]优势,长处,有利条件,利益:A better education gave us the advantage.良好的教育使我们处于有利地位。/ The advantage of the idea was its simplicity.这个主意的优点就在于它简单明了。

【短语】have [gain, get] the [an] advantage over [of] 胜过,优于 / take advantage of 乘机利用,利用别人的弱点,占便宜

adventure[] n.[C,U]冒险,冒险活动,奇遇 v.冒险,胆敢:He lived for adventure.他平生喜欢冒险。/ No man would adventure it.没有人敢冒险做这种事。【用法】表示抽象意义的“冒险”,不可数;表示具体意义的“冒险的经历或事件”,则可数。

advice[] n.[U]忠告,建议:Your advice was a great help to me.你的建议对我有很大的帮助。/ I don’t know who ask advice from.我不知道该向谁讨教。【用法】1.不可数,不与不定冠词或数词连用,也不用复数形式,如说a piece of advice, some advice,但不说an advice, some advices。2.表示征求意见,通常用ask(for)advice;表示听从或接受某人的意见,通常用follow [take] one’s advice。

advise[] vt.劝告,建议:Be advised!接受意见吧!/ They will advise you what to do.他们将给你出主意怎么办。

【用法】1.其后接动词作宾语,要用动名词,不能用不定式,即说advise doing sth,不说 advise to do sth。2.表示建议某人做某事,要用 advise sb to do sth(此时的不定式作宾语补足语);若表示建议某人不要做某事,则用advise sb not to do sth 或 advise sb against doing sth。3.后接 that 引导的宾语从句时,从句谓语要用“should+动词原形”这样的虚拟语气:We advised her that she(should)wait.我们劝她等。

affair[]n.[C]事件,事情,事务,私事,恋爱事件:foreign affairs 外交事务 / school affairs 校务 / How are your affairs going? 你的情况怎么样?

afford[] vt.买得起,经受得住,承担得起:I can’t afford to buy a car.我买不起汽车。/ We can’t afford to pay such a price.我们付不起这个价钱。

【用法】1.常与can, could, be able to 连用。2.其后可接名词、代词或不定式作宾语,若意思明确,可省略有关成分:afford to buy a car =afford a car 买得起小车 / afford the time for a holiday=afford a holiday 抽得出时间去度假

afraid[] adj.(用作表语)害怕的,担心的;恐怕:Don’t be afraid.不用怕。/ He is afraid to say that.他不敢说那事。/ I was afraid of waking him.我担心会把他吵醒。/ I’m afraid you’re wrong.恐怕是你错了。

【比较】1.be afraid to do sth与be afraid of doing sth:前者指害怕(不敢)做某事,而后者有两个意思,一是表示害怕做某事(此时可be afraid to do sth 互换),二是表示担心会发生某情况(所担心的情况不一定会发生,此时不能与 be afraid to do sth 互换)。2.I’m afraid not 与 I’m not afraid:前者为委婉的否定回答,意为“恐怕不„”;后者意为“我不怕”。Africa[]n.非洲:Africa is a continent.非洲是个大陆。African[] adj.非洲的,非洲人的 n.[C]非洲人

after[] prep.在„后面 conj.在„以后 adv.在后,后来:What did you do after leaving school? 离开学校之后你干什么了? / I will tell them after you leave(have left).你走了之后我再告诉他们。/ We arrived soon after.我们随后就到了。

【辨析】1.after与behind:前者指位次的先后,后者指位置的前后。2.after与in:前者以过去时间为起点,通常连用过去时态;而in 则以现在时间为起点,通常连用将来时态。但是,若表示在某一点时间之后,则只能用after(无论是现在还是过去):I’ll leave here after 6 o’clock.我6点后离开这儿。

afternoon[] n.[C,U]下午,午后:He returned in the late afternoon.他是在傍晚时分回来的。/ This afternoon will be cloudy, turning clear.今天下午阴转晴。again[] adv.再一次,又,再:After the storm it became calm again.暴风雨过后,天气又恢复平静无风。/ Look to it that this doesn’t happen again.注意不要再发生这种事。

【短语】again and again 再三地,反复地 / once again 再一次

against[] prep.相反,反对,逆着,靠着,倚着:Are you for or against it? 你是支持它还是反对它? / Drug taking is against the law.吸毒是违法的。/ It is a great joy to battle against nature.与大自然作斗争,其乐无穷。

【注意】against 是介词,不是动词,所以不能说 Do you against„之类的。

age[] n.年龄,时代,(用复数表示)长时间:What is your age? 你年纪多大?/ She died in 1936 at the age of 84.她死于1936年,享年84岁。/ I haven’t seen him for ages.我已好长时间没有见到他了。

【注意】不要按汉语习惯将“他年纪轻”说成He age is young.可说成 He is young.ago[] adv.以前:That was some twenty years ago.那大约是20年前。/ We came a week ago, since when the weather has been bad.我们一星期前来到这里,从那时起天气一直不好。

agree[] v.同意,赞成,答应:She agreed to my idea.她同意我的想法。/ I quite agree with what you say.你所说的我很赞成。/ If you agree, so;if not, so.如果你同意,就这样;如果你不同意,也这样。

【比较】agree to do sth 同意做某事 / agree with sb 赞成某人的意见,与某人意见相同 / agree on(upon)对„持相同观点 / agree to 同意(某项计划、建议、安排等)

【注意】不要将汉语的“同意某人做某事”直译为agree sb to do sth,可改说agree to let sb do sth等。

agriculture[] n.[U]农业,农艺,农学:United States Department of Agriculture 美国农业部

ahead[] adv.在前面,向前:Walk straight ahead until you reach the river.一直朝前走到河边。

【短语】ahead of 在„之前;超过 / ahead of time [schedule] 提前 / Go ahead!前进,有进展,继续干下去

【注意】ahead 是副词,不是名词,所以不能说 in the ahead, at the ahead等。aim[] n.[U]瞄准,对准 [C]目标 v.瞄准,对准,以„为目标:It is now our aim to set up a factory.我们现在的目标是创办一座工厂。/ I aim to be a lawyer.我要当个律师。

【用法】1.表示“瞄准”时,不可数,所以在 take aim at, take careful aim at 这类短语中没有不定冠词。2.表示“想做某事”或“以做某事为目标”,动词aim后可接不定式或接at doing sth,即aim to do sth=aim at doing sth。

air[] n.[U]空气,大气,天空,空中 [C]样子,神态,气氛:Birds fly in the air.鸟在空中飞翔。/ Better let in some fresh air.最好放些新鲜空气进来。/ He came into the room with an air of importance.他带着一副了不起的神情走进室内。

aircraft[] n.[C]飞机,航空器:There are enemy aircraft on the radar screen.雷达荧屏上出现了敌人的飞机。

【注意】单复数同形,所以不要说 five aircrafts,some aircrafts 之类的。

airport[] n.[C]航空站,飞机场:At the airport, the customs officers searched his case.在机场,海关人员检查了他的箱子。

alive[] adj.活着的,活跃的,充满„的,通着电流的:The fish we caught is still alive.我们捉的鱼还活着。/ The wire is alive.这条电线带电。

【注意】1.可用作表语,不作前置定语,但有时可用作后置定语:the greatest man alive当今伟人 2.通常不用 very 修饰,但可用 much 或 very much 修饰。

all[] adj.全部的,所有的 pron.全体,全部 adv.全部地,都,更加:Are all the students here today? 今天所有的学生都到了吗? / I know that all is well with her.我知道她一切都好。/ She is all in favor of my suggestion.她完全赞同我的建议。/ She hated him all the more.她更加恨他了。

【短语】all along 自始至终 / all the same 依然,仍然 / not„at all 一点也不,从来不 / all over 到处,结束 / in all 总计,全部 / above all 首先,最重要的是 / after all 毕竟,终究

allow[] v.允许,准许:Smoking is not allowed here.此处不准吸烟。/ He doesn’t allow cats in the room.他不允许猫进入房内。

【用法】可接不定式作宾语补足语,但不接不定式作宾语,即可说allow sb to do sth,但不说allow to do sth(可改为 allow doing sth)。

【辨析】allow 与 permit:permit 通常指上级、规则或法令等表示的准许,其语气较重;而 allow 通常指消极地不加反对,有时含有听任或默许之意,语气较轻。如:Nothing is permitted;everything is allowed.一切都没明文规定可以做,但一切做了也无妨。almost[] adv.几乎,差不多:It was almost dark when they got there.他们抵达那里时,天几乎黑了。

【辨析】almost与nearly:almost 可用于 any 以及 no, none, nobody, nothing, never 等否定词之前,但 nearly 一般不这样用。而nearly 前可用 very, pretty, not 等词修饰,但 almost 之前不能用这些词。

alone[]adj.单独的,独自的adv.独自,单独,仅仅:She watches TV when she is alone.独自一人时,她便看电视。/ He alone knows the secret.只有他一人知道秘密。【短语】leave„alone 听其自然,不要去管 / let alone 至于,更不必说【用法】用作副词表示“仅仅”时,要放在被修饰词语之后,比较:He can do it alone.他一个人可以做此事。/ He alone can do it.只有他能做此事。

along[] prep.沿着,顺着 adv.向前,往前;一起:We walked along the river.我们沿着河走。/ I took my brother along.我带着弟弟。

【短语】all along一直,始终 / along with 和„一起[一道],随着,除„以外(还)aloud[] adv.出声地,大声地:He read the poem aloud.他高声朗诵那首诗。【短语】think aloud 自言自语

already[] adv.已经:I’ve already forgiven you.我已经原谅了你。/ It is already the middle of summer.现在已是仲夏了。/ She had already gone when I arrived.我到的时候她已经走了。

【注意】一般用于肯定句,不用于否定句或疑问句(此时用 yet),不过有时在疑问句中也用它,用于表示惊讶(且多用于句末)。

also[] adv.也 conj.又,并且:He also asked to join the army.他也要求去参军。/ Also, he has gone abroad.而且,他已去了国外。【短语】not only„but also „不但„而且

【用法】用于肯定句或疑问句,但通常不用于否定句(在否定句中用either)。

although[] conj.虽然,然而:Although he was ill, he worked hard.他虽然生病,但仍努力工作。/ I did not know that then, although I learned it later.当时我不知道那件事,但我后来知道了。

【用法】不能按汉语习惯在主句前用连接词 but, 但可用副词yet, neverthele 等。altogether[] adv.完全地,总共:I am altogether on your side in this matter.在这个问题上我完全支持你。/ Altogether there were 36 people in the bus.在公共汽车上一共有36人。

【注意】altogether与 all together不同,后者表示“一起”、“同时”。

always [] adv.总是,永远:He always keeps to his promises.他总是说话算数的。

【注意】与否定词连用构成部分否定(not always=并非总是),且只能位于否定词之后:Money doesn’t always bring happine.财富并不一定总带来幸福。

America[] n.美国,美洲:the Voice of America(VOA)美国之音 / Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。

American[] n.[C]美国(洲)人 adj.美国(洲)的:American English 美国英语 / He’s an American citizen but lives in Canada.他是美国公民,但住在加拿大。among[] prep.在„中间,在(三者或三者以上)之间,„之一:They live among the mountains.他们住在群山之中。/ Baseball is very popular among Americans.棒球运动很受美国人的欢迎。/ She is among the best of our typists.她是我们最好打字员之一。【辨析】among与between:前者主要用于三者或三者以上之间,后者主要用于两者之间。and[] conj.和,又;然后,接着:Let’s go and play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。/ She read for an hour and went to bed.她读了一小时的书,然后就去睡了。【用法】1.用于连接两个比较级,表示“越来越”:colder and colder 越来越冷 2.用于 good, nice, fine 等之后,表示“很”、“挺”:good and fast 很快anger[] n.[U]生气,愤怒 v.(使)发怒:Anger showed in his face.他脸上露出怒容。/ His loud radio angered me.他大声放收音机使我很生气。

angry[g] adj.生气的;愤怒的:He changed his mind, which made me very angry.他改变了主意,这使我很生气。

【用法】注意其后所接介词:be [get] angry at sth 因某事而生气 / be [get] angry about sth 因某事而生气 / be [get] angry with sb 生某人的气(注:不要想当然地用be angry to sb 来表示此义)。

animal[] n.[C]动物,兽 adj.动物的:plants and animals 动植物(注意词序)/ The lion is a wild animal.狮子是一种野生动物。

announce[] vt.宣告,宣布,发表:He announced the good news to her.他向她宣布了这个好消息。/ He announced to her that he would go soon.他告诉她不久就离开。

【注意】不能后接双宾语,即不用于announce sb sth,要表示类似意思可用announce sth to sb。

another[] adj.再一,另一,别的 pron.另一个:Please give me another.请给我另一个。/ You’d better stay in hospital for another few days.你最好在医院再住几天。【用法】1.泛指不确定数目中的“另外任何一个”;若特指两个当中的另外一个,不用 another,而用the other:Please show me another.请再拿一个给我看看(至少已看过一个)。2.在一般情况下,其后不能接复数名词,而接单数可数名词(表泛指),但若复数名词之前有数词或few修饰,则可用它修饰:another five students 另外5个学生

【短语】one after another 一个又一个地,一个接一个地,相继地 / one another 互相,彼此

answer[] v.回答,答复;回信;满足于n.[C]答案;回应:Please answer the telephone.请接电话。/ This tool will answer our needs.这工具能满足我们的需要。

【短语】answer back 回嘴,顶嘴 / answer for 对„担保,为„的后果承担责任 / answer to 符合,适合 / in answer to 为了回答(响应),听(接)到„后就

anxious[] adj.忧虑的,担心的;渴望的:People all over the world were anxious to have peace.全世界人民都渴望和平。

【用法】表示为某事担心,其后可接介词 about / for;表示渴望得到某物,其后通常接for,而不用about,当然也可接不定式:He’s anxious for [to know] the result.他急于想知道结果。

any[] adj.(用于疑问句,否定句等)什么;一些,任何的 pron.(无论)那些;(无论)哪一个 adv.略微,一点:Have you any money with you? 你身上带钱了吗? / I’m too tired to walk any further.我太累了,不能再往前走了。

【用法】1.用作代词时,只能用于三者或三者以上,不能用于两者(表示两者中的任意一个,可用either),如不能说 any of my parents,但可说 either of my parents。2.用于否定句时,只能用于否定词之后,即可说not„any,不说any„not。

anybody[i] / anyone[] pron.任何人:Hello!Is anybody here? 喂!有人吗?/ You mustn’t tell anybody about this;it’s secret.这件事你不能告诉任何人,这是秘密。anyhow[] adv.无论如何,不管怎样;随便:Anyhow, I will see you tonight.无论如何, 今天晚上我要见你。

anything [] pron.东西,任何事物,无论什么:You can’t believe anything she says.你不能相信她说的话。/ I want something to eat, and anything will do.我想弄点东西吃,什么都行。

【短语】anything but 绝不,并不 / if anything 如果有什么不同的话

【用法】1.受形容词的修饰时,形容词应置于其后。2.用于否定句时,只能用于否定词之后,即可说not„anything,不说anything„not。

anywhere[] adv.无论何处,任何地方:Did you go anywhere yesterday? 你昨天去没去过什么地方?/ You can go anywhere you like.你可以去你喜欢的任何地方。apologize / apologise[] vi.道歉:You might at least apologize.你至少应该道个歉吧。/ I have come to apologize to you.我是来向您道歉的。/ I must apologize for calling you so late.实在抱歉,这么晚给您打电话。

appear[] vi.出现,看来,似乎:It appears that he is ill.=He appears to be ill.他似乎病了。/ There appears to be something the matter with her.她好像出了什么事似的。【用法】1.不及物,不能有宾语,也不能用于被动语态。2.与look, seem 后可接介词 like 不同,appear 后不接介词like。

apple[] n.[C]苹果:the apple of sb’s eye 珍爱之物

April[] n.四月(略作Apr.):April fool=April Fools’ Day 愚人节(4月1日)area[] n.[C,U]面积,地区,区域:Teachers are in demand in this area.在这个地区很需要教师。/ Parking is prohibited in this area.此处禁止停车。

【用法】表示某地面积大小的方法很多,如要表示“我们庭园的面积为20平方米”,可说成:Our garden has an area of twenty square meters./ The area of our garden is twenty square meters./ Our garden is twenty square meters in area./ Our garden covers an area of twenty square meters.argue[] v.争论,说服,证明:He argued for(against)the plan.他赞成(反对)这个计划。/They always argue about [over] money.他们总是为钱争吵。

arm[] n.[C]手臂,胳膊;(用复数)武器 v.武装,装备:He was wounded in the arm.他的胳膊受伤了。/ She held [took] her handbag in her arms.她双手把手提包抱在怀里。【短语】arm in arm 臂挽着臂 / be armed to the teeth 全副武装

army[] n.军队;大群:He also asked to join the army.他也要求去参军。/ an army of bees 一大群蜜蜂

【用法】用作主语,谓语动词用单数(从整体考虑)或复数(从个体考虑)均可:The army was [were] wiped out.这支军队被消灭了。

around[] prep.在„周围;环绕;大约 adv.(在)各处,(在)附近,到处,在周围:There was a wall around the park.公园四周有围墙。/ Will you please wait around for me? 请在附近等我好吗?

arrival[] n.[U]到达 [C]到来的人或物:On my arrival at [in] Paris I went to see her.我一到巴黎,就去看她了。/ Come and meet the new arrivals.来见见新来的人。arrive[] vi.到达,(时间)到来,得出(结论),(婴儿)出生,来到:He was the first to arrive.他第一个到。/ It took a long time to arrive at a conclusion.花了很长时间才达成一个结论。/ Her baby arrived during the night.她的小孩是夜里生的。【用法】不及物,后接地点,需借助介词at或in(地方较小用at,较大用in)。

art[] n.[U,C]艺术,美术;技艺,技术;(用复数)人文学科:Art is long;life is short.(谚语)艺术长久,人生短暂。/ a work of art 一件美术品 / Language teaching is both a science and an art.语言教学既是一门科学又是一门艺术。

article[] n.[C](尤指报刊杂志上的)文章;物品,物件;冠词:What does the article discu? 这篇文章讲的是什么? / an article of clothing 一件衣服

artist[] n.[C]美术家:He has no wish to be an artist.他不想做艺术家。as[] conj.当„的时候;由于;尽管;随着,与„一样 prep.作为,当作adv.同样,相同 pron.正如:He dropped the gla as he stood up.他站起来时,把杯子摔了。/ This is the same as it was before.这个与以前一样。/ As you are tired, you had better rest.你累了,最好休息一下。/ As the wages advanced, so did the cost of living.随着工资的提高, 生活费用也提高了。

【短语】as„as 与„一样 / not as [so]„as 不像,不如 / as if=as though 好像,好似 / as yet 迄今,到目前为止 / as [so] long as 只要 / as soon as 一„就 / as to 关于,至于 【用法】1.用作连词,表示“尽管”时,要用于倒装句,且倒装后位于句首的名词通常不用冠词(等于though):Child as[=though] he was, he did quite well.他虽是个孩子, 但已干得很不错。2.用作关系代词,有两种用法:一是用于such, the same, as等之后引导限制性定语从句:Such men as(=Those men who)heard of him praised him.听说过他的人都赞扬他。二是单独用作关系代词,引导非限制性定语从句,可放在主句之前(常译为:正如)或之后(常译为:这一点),且主从句之间一般要用逗号隔开:He was absent, as is often the case.他缺席了,这是常有的事。

ash[] n.灰,(常用pl)灰烬,骨灰,遗体:The house(was)burned to ashes.房子烧成灰烬了。

【用法】表示“灰”时本来不可数,但有时可用复数形式代替单数形式,且意思不变:cigarette ash [ashes] 烟灰

ashamed[] adj.惭愧,害臊:I am half ashamed to do so.这样做我有些不好意思。/ You really ought to be ashamed of that.你实在应该对此感到惭愧。/ Not feel ashamed to ask and learn from people below.不耻下问。

Asia[] n.亚洲:China is in the east of Asia.中国位于亚洲东部。/ Our factory exports to Southeast Asia.我厂向东南亚出口产品。

Asian[] n.[C]亚洲人 adj.亚洲的,亚洲人的:The First East Asian Games were held in Shanghai in 1993.第1届东亚运动会于1993年在上海举行。

ask[] v.问,要求;请求:Since you ask, I will tell you.你既然问,我就告诉你。He asked to see the manager.他求见经理。

【短语】ask for sth 请求,向„要 / ask sb for sth 请某人给某物 / ask after 问候(身体健康)/ ask about 打听,查询

asleep[] adj.睡着的:He fell asleep during the leon.他在上课时睡着了。【用法】1.通常只用作表语,不能单独放在名词前作定语,不说 an asleep child,可改说a sleeping child。2.汉语说“睡得很熟”,英语习惯上用 fast [sound] asleep,而不说 very(much, very much)asleep。

aistant[] n.[C]助手,助教,图书馆管理员:shop aistant 店员 / aistant engineer 助理工程师 / aistant manager 副经理

astonish[]vt.使惊讶,使吃惊:The news astonished everybody.这消息使人人感到惊讶。/ I was astonished at [by] the news.=I was astonished to hear the news.听到这消息我很吃惊。

at[] prep.在,于;向,对准;因为,由于;在„方面;(表示速度、程度、价格等)以,按:He lives at 35 Manchester Road, London.他住在伦敦曼彻斯特路35号。/ Everybody, we begin at page 50 today.各位,我们今天从第50页开始。/ At the news he became excited.一听到这消息,他变得很激动。/ He bought it at(the price of)50 dollars.他以50美元的价格买下了它。

attack[] v.攻击 n.[C,U]进攻;(疾病)侵袭,发作:Wolves will not usually attack humans.狼通常不会袭击人。

attempt[] v.& n.尝试,试图:She made every attempt.她尽一切努力。/ She attempted to get [getting] in touch with them.她企图和他们联系上。

【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时,该动词可用不定式,也可用动名词。2.make an attempt 后接动词表示试图做某事时,该动词可用不定式或用at doing sth 的形式。

attend[] v.出席,参加;看护,照料,护理;注意:He didn’t attend the meeting because he was ill.他因病没有出席会议。/ I’ll attend to the matter.这事我来处理。/ I’m too busy.I can’t attend to you now.我很忙,现在不能接待你。

attention[] n.[U]留心,注意:Please give it your attention.请关注此事。/ He called our attention to what he said.他提醒我们注意他说的话。

【用法】在 pay [give, bring] attention to 等短语中的 to 是介词,后接动词时用动名词:He gives all his attention to making money.他的注意力完全集中在赚钱上。

attract[] vt.吸引、引起(兴趣,注意),招引:The film attracts a large audience.这部电影吸引很多观众。/ Newton found that all maes attract each other.牛顿发现所有的物质都相互吸引。

August[] n.八月(缩写Aug.):August 1 is our Army’s Day.8月1日是我国建军节。

aunt[] n.[C]姨,姑,伯母,舅母,婶:Aunt Polly 波莉姑妈

Australia[] n.澳洲,澳大利亚:Don’t confuse Austria with [and] Australia.不要把奥地利与澳大利亚弄混淆了。

Australian[] n.[C]澳大利亚人 adj.澳大利亚(人)的:The Australians speak English.澳大利亚人说英语。

author[] n.[C]作家,创造者:The book has a preface written by the author.该书有作者写的序言。

autumn[] n.[C,U]秋天,秋季:In autumn the leaves change from green to brown.秋天树叶由绿变黄。/ the Moon Festival=the Mid-autumn Festival 中秋节average[] n.[C]平均(数)adj.平常的,平均的 v.平均为,求„的平均数:An average of 10 students are absent each day.平均每天有10个学生缺席。/ What was the average temperature yesterday? 昨天的平均气温是多少? / He is just an average student.他只是个普通的学生。/ He averages two trips a year.他平均每年旅游两次。【短语】above the average 中上 / below the average 中下 / on(the, an)average 平均,按平均数计算,一般地说

awake[] v.(awoke, awoken / awaked)醒,唤醒;使醒adj.(作表语)醒着的:The baby is awake.婴儿是醒的。/ He is awake to the serious problem.他已意识到了这个严重的问题。

【用法】1.用作动词时,相当于 wake up,但本身通常不与副词 up 连用。2.用作形容词时,只用作表语,不作定语;要表示“完全醒着”,不用 very 修饰,而用 wide, fully, thoroughly 等修饰。

away[] adv.离开;远离:My birthday is two months away.我的生日还有两个月。【短语】right away 马上 / straight away 马上 / far away 在远处

B

她就要生小孩了。/ a baby elephant 小象

a minute.我马上就回来。/ Let’s try knocking at the back door.咱们敲后边的门试试。baby[] n.[C]婴儿,幼畜,幼鸟 adj.婴儿的,微型的:She is going to have a baby.back[] n.[C]背部,后面 adv.向后,回(原处)adj.后面的 v.(使)倒退:I’ll be back in 【短语】at back of 在„后面 / at the back of 在„的后面(范围之外);在„的后部(范围之内)/ in the back of 在„后部 / back to back 背靠背

bad[] adj.(worse, worst)坏的,不正确的;使人不愉快的;严重的:He’s got a bad cold.他得了重感冒。/ Smoking is bad for health.抽烟对身体有害。

badly[]adv.(worse, worst)坏地,恶劣地:I slept very badly last night.昨天夜里我睡得很不好。/ He spoke badly of his bo.他说他老板的坏话。

【用法】在口语中,可用于表示“迫切地”、“非常”,通常与 want, need, be in need of 等连用:He wants to come badly.他非常想来。

bag[] n.[C]书包,提包,袋子:a shopping bag 购物袋

baggage[] n.[U](美)行李:They examined all baggage at the airport.他们在机场检查了所有行李。

【用法】不可数,没有复数形式,也不能与不定冠词、数词以及 many, few, a few, several 等词连用。若要表示行李的具体数量, 可用单位词 piece(article):five pieces [articles] of baggage 五件行李

bake[] v.烤,烘,焙:baked chicken 烤鸡肉

ball[] n.[C]球;舞会:He paed [threw] the ball to me.他把球传给了我。balloon[] n.[C]气球:He croed the river in a balloon.他乘气球过河。banana[] n.[C]香蕉:a banana 一根香蕉 / three bananas 三根香蕉 bank[] n.[C]银行,(河,海湖的)岸,堤:He lives on the south bank of the river.他住在河的南岸。/ He put his money in the bank.他把钱存入银行。bargain[] n.[C]协议,合同;(经过讨价还价之后)成交的商品,廉价货v.议价,讨价还价;提出条件:It’s a real bargain.真便宜。/ That’s [It’s] a bargain.就这么说定了(或一言为定)。/ If you bargain with them they might reduce the price.你讲讲价,他们可能会把价钱降低。

base[] n.[C]基础,基地,根据地 vt.基于,以„作根据:This news report is based on fact.这篇新闻报导是根据实际情况写成的。

basic[] adj.基础的,基本的:Now I have a basic understanding of the matter.现在我对这事有了基本的了解。

basin[]n.[C]脸盆,水盆;流域:Go and get a basin of hot water.去弄盆热水来。/ The Amazon Basin is very large.亚马逊河流域很大。basket[] n.[C]篮子:a wastepaper basket 字纸篓

basketball[] n.[C]篮球 [U]篮球运动:Let’s go and play basketball.我们去打篮球吧。/ This basketball is better than that one.这个篮球比那个好。bath[] n.[C]洗澡;澡盆 v.洗澡,给(孩子)洗澡:He had a bath and then went to bed.他洗了个澡,然后睡觉了。/ I usually bath at night.我通常晚上洗澡。

bathe[] v.浸,洗,(在河或海里)洗浴,游泳 n.(用单数)游泳:Tears bathed his cheeks.他泪流满面。/ Will you help me bathe the baby? 你能帮我替孩子洗澡吗?

【辨析】bath与bathe:前者主要指在室内“洗澡”,后者则通常指到室外的河里或湖里等去游泳:go for a bathe 去游泳

bathroom[] n.[C]浴室,(美)厕所,澡堂:The bathroom is upstairs.洗澡间在楼上。/ She went into the bathroom and took a shower.她到浴室去淋浴。battle[] n.[C]战斗,竞争 v.战斗,作战,竞争:He has proved his courage in battle.他已在战斗中证明了自己的勇气。/ The sailors battled with the winds and waves.水手们与风浪搏斗。

be[]v.(am, is, are, was, were, being, been)是;在;成为

beach[] n.[C]海滩,(海,河,湖等)滨:The children are playing on [at] the beach.孩子们在海滩玩耍。/ I spent a day on [at] the beach.我在海滩上度过了一天。bear[] n.[C]熊v.忍受;载运,负荷;有,显示;怀有;生(孩子),生产(农作物或水果):He was born of a wealthy family.他出身富门。/ Different trees bear different fruits.什么样的树结什么样的果。

【用法】1.用于 can’t bear,意为“不能忍受”,其后接不定式或动名词均可:I can’t bear living [to live] alone.一个人独居我受不了。2.表示“出生”时,用be born,其他过去分词用borne:He was borne by an English woman.他是一个英国妇女生的。beard[] n.[C]胡须,络腮胡子:He wears [grows, has] a long beard.他留有长胡子。

【辨析】beard 指下巴上的“胡须”,moustache 指嘴上的“胡须”,whiskers 指腮上的“胡须”。

【用法】a beard指一个人的所有胡须,而不是指一根胡须;类似地,其复数形式 beards 指的是多个人的胡须,而不是指多根胡须。beat[] v.(beat, beaten)敲打,(脉,心脏)跳动,打胜,打赢:My heart beat fast at the sight of him.一看见他,我的心跳就加快。/ He beat me in maths.他的数学比我学得好。

【辨析】beat与win:见win。

beautiful[] adj.美丽的,漂亮的,优美的:The scenery in the mountains is very beautiful.山里的景色非常美。/ That’s a beautiful shot.那一枪打得真准。beauty[] n.[U]美 [C]美人:She is really a beauty.她的确是个大美人。because[] conj.因为,由于:He was angry because we were late.他很生气因为我们迟到了。

【用法】1.because与because of不同:前者为连词,引导从句;后者为复合介词,后接名词、代词或相当于名(代)词的成分(包括what从句)。2.不要将汉语中的“因为„所以„”直译为because„so„。

become[] v.(became, become)变得,成为;适合(某人),与„相称:She has become a doctor.她已成为一名医生。/ This color becomes you.这颜色适合你。【用法】其后不接不定式表示“逐渐”,可改用come [begin]+不定式:He began [came] to like the girl.他开始喜欢起这个女孩来。(不能用became)bed[] n.[C,U]床,卧床,睡觉:She lay down on her bed.她躺在床上。【用法】1.表示“睡觉”时,通常不用冠词或其他限定词;表示实实在在的“床”时,则可用。2.与介词in, into, out of等连用时,通常不用冠词:lie in bed 躺在床上 / get into bed 上床 / jump out of bed 跳下床

bedroom[]n.[C]卧室:They have a large bedroom.他们有一间大卧室。bee[] n.[C]蜜蜂:He is as busy as a bee.他忙得团团转。beef[] n.[U]牛肉:The beef is overdone.牛肉煮得太老。

beer[] n.[U,C] 啤酒,一杯(一瓶)啤酒:Would you like a(gla of)beer? 您要不要喝(杯)啤酒? / Three beers, please.请来三杯啤酒。

before[] prep.在„前面,在„以前 conj.在„之前adv.以前:Knock on the door before you enter.进屋之前要先敲门。/ I have never met him before.以前我从来没有见过他。

【比较】before long 不久以后 / long before 很久以前

begin[] v.(began, begun)开始,着手:The bell rang for the leon to begin.开始上课的铃响了。/ Once you begin you must continue.你一旦开始,便不可停下来。【用法】1.有时用于进行时态,表示“慢慢开始”、“逐渐”:He was beginning to mi her.他慢慢开始想念她了。2.其后接不定式或动名词均可,含义基本相同:The band began to play [playing].乐队开始演奏。但是,当begin 本身是-ing形式时或后接表心理活动的动词时,则只能接不定式:He began to like poetry when he was a boy.他还是孩子时就开始喜欢诗歌。

beginning[] n.[C]开始,开端,起源:Of course that’s only a beginning.当然这只是一个开头。

【短语】at [in] the beginning 起初,在开始时 / at the beginning of 在„之初,在„开始时 / from the beginning 从开始,从一开始behind[] prep.在„后面 adv.在后面:He was behind the others in ability.他的能力比其他人差。/ If winter comes,can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

【短语】fall [drop] behind 落在后面,落后

believe[] v.相信,想,认为:You can’t believe anything she says.你不能相信她说的话。/ I believe he has come.我想他已经来了。

【比较】believe sb=相信某人的话是真的,believe in sb=相信某人为人可靠,believe in sth=相信„的存在,相信„的真实性

bell[] n.[C]钟,铃,钟(铃)声,钟形物:He rang the bell but no one came to the door.他按了门铃,可是没有人来开门。

belong[] v.属于,为„所有:They belonged to a younger generation.他们属于年轻的一代。

【用法】1.不及物,不用于被动语态,也不用于进行时态。2.表示“属„所有”时,其后接介词to,但若表示“某物应归入(位于)„”,则后接介词 in, under, with等:The pan belongs under the sink.锅应放在洗碗池下面。

below[]adv.在下面,向下 prep.在„下面:The temperature was 20 degrees below zero.温度为零下20度。/ He was below the standard required.他没达到要求的水平。【辨析】below与under:under 主要表示垂直在下的正下方,而 below 则不一定表示正下方(即可以是正下方或非正下方)。

belt[] n.[C]腰带,带 vt.系上:a waist belt 腰带 / safety belt 安全带 bench[] n.[C]长凳,工作台:repair bench 修理台

bend[] v.(bent, bent)使弯腰,弯曲,专心于:He bent down [over] to tie his shoe.他弯腰系鞋带。/ He bent his mind to the job.他专心于他的工作。

beside[] prep.在„旁边,在„附近:Standing beside the table was an interpreter.站在桌旁的是一位翻译。

besides[]adv.此外,而且 prep.除„之外:To begin with, it is too cold.Besides, we’ve no money.首先,天气太冷,再者我们也没有钱。/ We all agreed besides him.除了他之外,我们也都同意。

【辨析】besides与except:besides 表示一种累加关系,意指“除了什么之外,还有„”;而 except表示一种排除关系,意指“除了什么之外,不再有„”。

best[] adj.& n.最好的(人或物):I think it best that you should stay here.我认为你留在这里最好。

【短语】do one’s best 尽最大的努力 / make the best of 尽量利用,善用 / at(the)best 充其量,至多 / had best 最好,应该(=had better)better[] adj.较好的,更好的:Any is better than none.有点总比没有好。【短语】had better 最好,应该(后接动词原形)between[] prep.在(两者)之间;在„中间:I sat between them.我坐在他们两人之间。/ He had to choose between death and dishonour.他必须在死亡和屈辱之间做出选择。beyond[] prep.在„那边,晚于,超出 adv.在(往)更远处:The house is beyond the bridge.房子在桥那边。/ The explanation you give is beyond me.你做的解释我不懂。/ Good advice is beyond price.(谚)有益的忠告是无价之宝。

bicycle[] / bike[]n.[C]自行车,脚踏车:She goes to work on her [by] bicycle.她骑自行车上班。

big[] adj.大的;重要的:Ours is a big family.我们家人口很多。/ He made a big mistake.他犯了个大错误。

bill[] n.[C]账单,清单,法案,议案,告示,(美)钞票,纸币 vt.通告,宣布:Waiter, bill please.服务员,买单。/ Mary won’t pay this bill.玛丽不肯付这笔钱。/ The bill was paed.这法案获得通过。

【用法】表示账单的数额,其后通常用介词for:The shop sent me a bill for $800.商店给我送来了一张800元的账单。

billion[] num.(英,德)百亿,兆,无数(美,法)十亿:Billions of stars twinkled in the sky.无数星星在天空闪烁。

biology[] n.[U]生物学:He is a biology profeor.他是生物教授。bird[] n.[C]鸟,禽类:Most birds can fly.多数的鸟会飞。

birth[] n.[C,U]出生,诞生:The exact date of his birth is not known.他出生的确切日期无人知道。/ He is a man of low birth.他出身低微。【短语】give birth to 生产(小孩)/ by birth 在血统上,生来,天生地

birthday[] n.[C]生日:Happy birthday to you!祝你生日快乐!/ Today is my grandfather’s sixtieth birthday.今天是我爷爷的60大寿。birthplace[] n.[C]出生地,(重要事件的)发源地

biscuit[] n.[C](英)饼干,(美)果料小点心:a box of biscuits一盒饼干 / They fed him on biscuits.他们用饼干喂他。

bit[] n.少量,一点,一些:She is a bit like my sister.她有点像我姐姐。/ He’s feeling a bit [=a little] better.他感觉好些了。

【短语】a bit of 一点儿,有点儿 / bit by bit=by bits 一点一点地,逐渐地

【比较】a bit 与 a little:在肯定句中两者意思比较接近,但在否定句中意思区别很大:I’m not a bit tired.我一点也不累。/ I’m not a little tired.我很累。

bite[] v.(bit, bitten)咬,迷住,(鱼)上钩 n.[C]咬,伤痛:Barking dogs seldom bite.(谚)爱叫的狗很少咬人。/ There seems to be a bite to his words.他话里似乎带刺。bitter[] adj.有苦味的,苦的;刺痛的(寒冷,风等);痛苦的;悲伤的:The medicine tastes bitter.这药有苦味。/ She has a bitter tongue.她说话刻薄。

blackboard[] n.[C]黑板:Please look at the blackboard.请看黑板。blame[] vt.责备,谴责 n.[U]过失,责备:I don’t blame you for doing that.我不责备你做了那事。/ He put [laid] all the blame on me.他把一切都归咎于我。【用法】1.下面两句结构不同,但意思相同:He blamed the failure on me.= He blamed me for the failure.他把失败归咎于我。2.be to blame 虽为主动形式,却表示被动意义:You are not to blame for what happened.对所发生的事不该怪你。

blanket[] n.[C]毯子,毛毯:Cotton blankets are generally cheapest.棉毛毯一般最便宜。blind[] adj.瞎的,缺乏理解力的:He is blind in both eyes.他双目失明。/ The blind are leading the blind.盲人在给盲人领路。

block[] n.[C]大块;一组,一批;街区;阻塞vt.阻塞,拦阻:The store is three blocks away.那家商店距此三条街。

blood[] n.[U]血:Blood is thicker than water.血浓于水。

blouse[] n.[C](妇女穿的)短上衣,女衬衫:A button of my blouse has come off.我上衣的一个纽扣掉了。

blow[]v.(blew, blown)吹,刮风,吹气 n.[C]打,打击:Two trees were blown down in the storm.在暴风雨中两棵树被风刮倒。/ He gave me a blow in the eye.他冲着我的眼睛打了一拳。

【用法】用作名词可表示“打击”,但用作动词时并无此意,如“他给我重重地一击”可译为He struck me heavily 或 He gave me a heavy blow,但不能译为He blew me heavily.blue[] n.[C,U]蓝色 adj.蓝色的,沮丧的,忧郁的:She has got blue eyes.她有一双蓝眼睛。/ I’m feeling rather blue today.我今天觉得很沮丧。

board[] n.[C,U]木板;膳食费用;委员会,董事会vt.上(船,飞机等):We will provide room and board for them.我们将提供他们的食宿。/ Paengers checked their baggage before boarding the plane.旅客上飞机前托运了行李。

boat[] n.[C]小船,小艇 vi.划船,乘船:We croed the river in a boat.我们乘一条小船过了河。/ We shall go boating on the lake on Saturday.我们星期六到湖上去划船。

body[] n.[C]身体,躯体,尸体,正文:He loves her body and soul.他真心实意爱她。/ He does his work body and soul.他全心全意地工作。

【说明】body是相对于精神(mind, spirit, soul)的身体以及侧重指躯体的身体,不用于指健康状况的“身体”,如“他身体健康”不能译为His body is healthy,可译为He is in good health.或 He is healthy.boil[] v.(水,液体)沸腾;(水)开,用开水煮;使(水,液体)沸腾:boiling water 正在沸腾的水 / boiled water 开水(已经开过的水)bone[] n.[C]骨(头),(鱼)刺:She is all skin and bones.她骨瘦如柴。book[] n.[C]书,本子 vt.预定(房间,票等):Here is the telephone book.电话簿在这。/ I want to book a ticket for Beijing.我想订一张去北京的票。

born[] v.(动词bear的过去分词)出生 adj.天生的,生来的:I was born in 1962.我生于1962年。/ He is a born poet.他是天生的诗人。

borrow[] v.(向别人)借,借用:Can I borrow two books at a time? 我能一次借两本书吗?

【用法】1.一般不接双宾语,若要表示类似意思可用 borrow sth from sb。2.有时与一段时间连用,表示借来使用的时间:He borrowed a car from a friend for a few days.他借朋友的车子用了几天。

bo[] n.[C]老板,领班:Don’t call me “bo”.不要叫我“老板”。/ He wants to marry his bo’s daughter.他想娶他老板的女儿。

both[] adj.两,双 pron.两者,两人,双方:Why not use both? 何不两者都用? / He speaks both English and French.他既说英语也说法语。bother[] v.& n.打扰,烦扰,麻烦:Don’t bother him to do it for you.别去麻烦他去为你做这事。/ They didn’t bother about [with] that.他们对那件事并不感到焦急。/ Did you have much bother(in)finding his office? 你是不是费了很大的劲才找到他的办公室?

【用法】后接动词时,用不定式或动名词均可:Don’t bother to lock [locking] the door.别费事锁门了。

bottle[] n.[C]瓶子(连用the)酒 v.用瓶子装:John’s on the bottle again!约翰又在喝酒了!/ This is where they bottle the milk.在这里他们用瓶子装牛奶。

bottom[] n.[C]底;末端:He is at the bottom of the cla.他在班上排名最后。bowl[] n.[C]碗:A bowl of hot chicken soup is good for you.喝一碗热鸡汤对你有好处。

box[] n.[C]箱子,盒子,匣子 v.拳击:We used boxes for chairs.我们用箱子当椅子坐。/ They boxed(with)each other.他们互相拳击。

boy[] n.[C]男孩,男仆:The boy cried for help.男孩大声呼救。

brain[] n.[C,U]脑子,大脑;(复)头脑,脑力:He hasn’t got much brain.他没什么头脑。/ He has very little brains.他没什么头脑。/ Use your brain(s).动动脑子。/ Where’s your brains? 你的脑子到哪里去了(你怎么不动动脑子)?

【用法】表示“头脑”、“智力”等,不可数,但也可拼为 brains(仍不可数),如可说 much brain(s)或 little brain(s),但不说 many brains 或 few brains。不过值得注意的是,brain 表示此义时虽为不可数名词,但却可与不定冠词连用:He has a good brain.他头脑好。branch[] n.[C]树枝;分部,分支,部门;支流:This river has two main branches.这条河有两条主要的支流。/ Her father is the secretary of the Party branch.她父亲是这个党支部的书记。

brave[] adj.勇敢的:It was brave of him to enter the burning building.=He was brave to enter the burning building.他敢进入那燃烧的建筑,真是勇敢。

bread[] n.[U]面包,生计:He doesn’t just write for fun.Writing is his bread and butter.他写作不只为了乐趣,写作是他的饭碗。

break[] v.(broke broken)打破,折断,打碎n.[C]休息:I admitted breaking the window.我承认打破了窗子。/ Let’s take a short break for lunch.我们休息一下吃中饭。【短语】break away(from)突然逃掉;脱离;破除 / break down 坏,失败,中断 / break in 突然进来;插嘴 / break into 强行进入;插嘴 / break out(火灾、战争等)突然发生,爆发(不用于被动语态)/ break up 解散;结束;破裂;绝交

breakfast[] n.[C,U]早饭,早餐:Is breakfast ready? 早餐准备好了吗? / After breakfast it began to snow.早饭后开始下起雪来。

【用法】1.其前通常不用冠词,但若特指,则用定冠词;若受到形容词的修饰表示具有某种特点的“早餐”,则用不定冠词:Thank you for the breakfast.谢谢你的这顿早餐。/ After a quick breakfast, he hurried to the station.匆匆忙忙吃完早餐,他就赶到车站去了。2.要表示“吃”早餐,英语通常用 have,有时也可用 take 或eat(但较少见)。3.at breakfast 与 for breakfast 不同: 前者表示在吃早餐或在吃早餐的时候,后者表示为早餐而吃东西:I always drink tea at breakfast.我总是用早餐时饮茶。/ I have an egg for breakfast.我早餐吃1只鸡蛋。(注:lunch, supper 也具有类似用法)17 breath[] n.[C,U]呼吸,气息:Let me get my breath back.让我喘口气。/ I’ll love you as long as I have breath.我终身爱你。

【短语】hold one’s breath 屏住气 / out of breath 上气不接下气

breathe[] v.呼吸:Lie down flat and breathe deeply.平躺下,做深呼吸。/ I want to go out and breathe the fresh air.我想出去呼吸新鲜空气。

brick[] n.[C,U]砖块,砖形物:He built his own house brick by brick.他的房子是他自己一砖一瓦建成的。

bridge[] n.[C]桥:Don’t cro the bridge until you come to it.不要杞人忧天。bright[] adj.明亮的,明朗的,晴朗的;鲜明的;聪明的;伶俐的;美好的;有希望的:It was a bright day.那是一个晴朗的日子。/ Her face was bright with happine.她喜气洋洋。/ You have a bright future.你的前途是光明的。

bring[] vt.(brought, brought)带来;传到;拿来;引起:What brings you here today? 今天是什么风把你吹来了? / And it will bring more trouble.这会带来更多的麻烦。/ You are welcome to bring your wife to the party.欢迎你带你的妻子来参加聚会。【短语】bring about 引起,实现,导致 / bring(a)round 使改变观点或看法;使苏醒;顺便把某人带来串门 / bring back 送还,带回;使想起,使恢复 / bring down 击落或打落(飞机等);降低(温度、价格等)/ bring on 带来,引起;促使成长或提高 / bring out 取出;显示出;衬托出;出版(书刊等),推出(作品等)/ bring through 使渡过(困难,危机等)/ bring together 使和解 / bring up 提出;培养;呕吐

Britain[] n.不列颠(英格兰、威尔士和苏格兰的总称),英国:In Britain police do not carry guns.在英国警察不带枪。

British[] adj.英国的,英国人的,大不列颠的:British English 英国英语 / the British Museum 大英博物馆

【用法】the British 相当于名词,指全体英国人,用作主语时,谓语用复数:The British drink a lot of tea.英国人喝很多茶。

broad[] adj.宽的,阔的;广泛的;概括的;明显的:How broad is the street(river)? 街(河)有多宽? / It’s as broad as it is long.半斤八两;彼此相同。

broadcast[] v.(broadcast or broadcasted)广播 n.[C]广播,播音:The BBC broadcasts every day.英国广播公司每天广播。

broom[] n.[C]扫帚:A new broom sweeps clean.新扫帚扫得干净(新官上任三把火)。

brother[] n.[C]兄,弟:elder brother 哥哥 / younger brother 弟弟

brown[] adj.& n.棕色(的),褐色(的):dark brown 深褐色 / brown paper 牛皮纸,包装纸 / brown sugar 红糖

brush[] n.[C]刷子,毛刷,画笔;(一)刷v.刷,擦:He was painting with a brush.他在用刷子刷漆。/ Give my coat a brush.把我的大衣刷一刷。bucket[] n.[C]水桶;铲斗:a bucket of milk一桶牛奶

build[] v.(built, built)建筑(造);建设(立):They decided to build a new school.他们决定盖一所新学校。/ We are building socialism.我们在建设社会主义。building[] n.[C]建筑物,房屋:This office building is 25 stories high.这幢办公楼高18层。burn[]v.燃烧 n.[C]烧伤;灼伤:I smelled something burning.我闻到东西烧焦的味道。/ Dad has had his hands burned.爸的手给烫了。

【用法】过去式和过去分词有burned和burnt两种形式:作定语时只用burnt;作不及物动词时通常用burned,作及物动词时两者均可用。

burst[] v.(burst, burst)(使)破裂,突然发生,爆炸 n.[C](感情等的)爆发:She burst through the door.她突然闯进门。/ Everyone burst out laughing.大家都哄堂大笑。/ She burst into tears.她突然哭了起来。

【用法】burst into和burst out都可表示突然进入某种状态或发生某种情况,但前者通常后接名词,后者通常后接动名词。

bury[] v.埋葬:He was buried alive.他被活埋了。/ He buried himself in his work(studies).他埋头于工作(学习)。

bus[] n.[C]公共汽车:I went there by bus.我乘公共汽车去那儿。/ He had to run to catch the bus.他不得不跑着去赶搭公共汽车。

bush[] n.[C]灌木丛:The hare hid itself in the bush.野兔藏在灌木丛中。busine[] n.[C,U]工作,职业;生意;商店,公司;职责,本分;事务,事情:It’s time we got down to busine.我们该认真办事了(讨论实质问题了)。/ Mind your own busine.=It’s none of your busine.这不关你的事(你少管闲事)。/ I’m here on busine, not for pleasure.我是来办公事,不是来玩的。

busy[] adj.忙,繁忙的:He is as busy as a bee.他很忙。/ She was busy writing letters.(当时)她正忙着写信。/ He is busy with [at, in, over, about] his work.他在忙于工作。

【注意】要表示“忙于做某事”,be busy要接动名词,不接不定式。

but [] conj.但是 prep.除了:I was going to write, but I lost your addre.我本来要写信的,可是把你的地址弄丢了。/ We had no choice but to wait.我们除了等待之外别无其他选择。

【短语】can but 只能,只好(后接动词原形)/ cannot but 不得不,禁不住(后接动词原形)/ but for 若不是,要不是(通常连用虚拟语气)/ nothing but 只有 / anything but 绝不,并不

butcher[] n.[C]肉店,屠夫 vt.屠宰(动物),残杀(人):I’m going to the butcher’s(shop).我到肉铺去。/ They butchered the prisoners.他们残杀囚犯。

butter[] n.[U]黄油,奶油:A pound of butter, please.我要一磅黄油。button[] n.[C]纽扣,(电铃等的)按钮 v.扣(纽扣):A button of my blouse has come off.我上衣的一个纽扣掉了。

buy[] v.(bought, bought)购买:Buy whichever is cheapest.买最便宜的。/ He bought me a bike.=He bought a bike for me.他给我买了辆自行车。

by[] prep.靠近,经过;在„时间,在„旁,(指时间)不迟于,(用于被动语态)被,(表示方法,手段)用;由(指交通工具等)乘,用adv.在附近,经过:Sit by me.挨着我坐吧。/ The thief was caught by the police.小偷被警察抓住了。/ He came here by water, not by land.他是从水路来的,不是从陆路来的。/ He came in by the back door.他从后门进来。/ She held the child by the hand.她抓住小孩的手。/ I shall have finished thework by the time you come back.你回来时,我会已经把工作完成了。/ They are paid by the hour.他们所得报酬按小时计。

bye(-bye)[] interj.(口语),再见,回头见,再会:Bye!See you tomorrow.明天见。/ She waved her hand to say good-bye.她挥手告别。

cabbage].她买了两棵卷心菜。

C 出笼子。cabbage[] n.[C,U]卷心菜,洋白菜:She bought two cabbages [two heads of café[] n.[C]咖啡馆,餐馆:It was very quiet in the cafe.在咖啡店很安静。cage[] n.[C]笼,鸟笼,兽槛:She loosed the bird from the cage.她把小鸟放cake[] n.[C,U]蛋糕,饼:It’s a piece of cake.这很容易(这是小菜一碟)。call[] n.[C]叫,喊;(一次)电话,通话 v.称呼,取名;呼唤,叫喊:The moment I have finished I’ll give you a call.我一干完就给你打电话。/ He called a taxi for me.他为我叫了出租车。/ Get out before I call the police.滚开,否则我叫警察。【短语】call for 去取(某物),去接(某人);要求,号召 / call at 访问(某地)/ call in 召来,召集 / call on 拜访(某人)/ call away 叫走;转移(注意力等)/ call back 唤回;回电话 / call off 叫走,转移开;取消 / call(up)on sb to do sth 叫(请)某人做某事,号召某人做某事 / call out 大声叫(喊),召唤 / call up(给„)打电话;想起

calm[] adj.镇静,沉着;风平浪静的 v.(使)安静,镇定:The sea was calm after the storm.经过这场风暴后,大海平静下来了。/ The crying child soon calmed down.哭闹的小孩不多一会就安静下来。

camera[] n.[C]摄影机,照相机:The camera clicked and their picture was taken.照相机“卡嗒”一声照下了他们的相片。

camp[] n.[C]野营,营地 v.(使)扎营:Those who are going camping please gather at the gate.要去露营的人请在大门口集合。

can[]v.& aux.(could)能够,可以,可能,会 n.[C](美)罐头,听头,一罐之量:Difficulties can and must be overcome.困难能够而且必须克服。/ He drank four cans of beer.他喝了四罐啤酒。

【用法】1.表推测时,通常只用于否定句和疑问句,一般不用于肯定句。2.若对过去可能已经发生的情况作推测,不能只用can的过去式could,而应后接动词的完成式:She can’t [couldn’t]have left so soon.她不可能走得这么早。

Canada[] n.加拿大:Canada is north of the United States.加拿大在美国的北面。

Canadian[] adj.加拿大(人)的 n.[C]加拿大人:She’s Canadian, but her Chinese is excellent.她是加拿大人,但她的汉语非常出色。

candle[] n.[C]蜡烛:Man’s life is often compared to a candle.人生常被喻为蜡烛。/ burn the candle at both ends 过分浪费精力(财产等)cap[] n.[C]帽子;(管,瓶等的)盖:It’s a nice cap.那是一顶好看的帽子。capital[] n.[C]首都(府),省会;大写字母 [U]资本,资金:Please write your name in capitals [in capital letters].请用大写字母写你的名字。/ He has enough capital to build another factory.他有足够的资金再建一家工厂。

captain[] n.[C]陆军上尉,海军上校;船长,(足球队)队长:We chose him(as)captain.我们选他当队长。

car[] n.[C]小汽车;火车车厢;(电梯,缆车等的)厢,舱:He entered [got into] the car and drove(it)home.他进了小汽车就开车回了家。

card[] n.[C]卡片,名片;请柬;纸牌:Could you please give me your card? 请给我一张你的名片好吗?/ This is my identity card.这是我的身份证。

care[] n.[U]小心,谨慎,注意;关怀,爱护,照料 v.忧虑,烦恼喜欢,想要;介意,在乎,关心,忧虑:Please do this with care.你做这事时请格外小心。/ I don’t care to play football.我不喜欢踢足球。/ Would you care for a drink? 你想喝一杯吗? 【短语】care about 关心,担心 / care for 喜欢,愿意,照看,爱护,关心,担心 / take care(of)当心,小心,照看

【用法】用作名词时,不可数,所以在 take good care of 这类表达中,不要在take 后误加不定冠词。

careful[] adj.谨慎的,小心的,仔细的:Be careful not to fall off the ladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。/ I hope you will be more careful of [about] your health.希望你更注意身体。/ You should be careful in operating this machine.操作这部机器时要小心。

【比较】be careful(in)doing sth 与be careful to do sth:前者指做某事时很小心或仔细,后者指小心地去做某事。

carele[] adj.粗心的,漫不经心的:Carele driving cost him his life.漫不经心的开车使他丢了性命。/ He’s carele of [about] his appearance.他不修边幅。【比较】1.以下两句结构不同,但含义相同:It was carele of you to leave the room unlocked.= You were carele to leave the room unlocked.你没有把门锁上真是太粗心(太大意)了。2.be careful in doing sth与be careful to do sth:前者指做某事时很粗心,后者指粗心地做了某事(不定式为结果状语):He was carele to make some mistakes.他很粗心,结果出了些错。/ He was carele in typing the letter.他打印这封信时很粗心。carpet[] n.[C,U]地毯;像地毯铺的东西:She laid a carpet on the floor.她在地板上铺了地毯。

carrot[] n.[C,U]胡萝卜:grow carrots in the garden 在菜园里种胡萝卜 carry[] v.运送,搬运,携带:He offered to carry my bags.他主动要帮我提行李。/ These bags carry easily.这些包便于携带。

【短语】carry away 带走,冲走;使非常兴奋或失去自制力 / carry off 拿走;获奖;成功在应付 / carry on 继续(下去),进行(下去)/ carry out 进行,完成;履行,实现,执行 / carry through 成功地完成;帮助渡过难关

cart[] n.[C](二轮运货)马车,(二轮或四轮)手推车,大车

case[] n.[C]情况,情形,事例;病症,病例;案件;箱(子),盒(子):It is not the case.情况不是这样;事实并非如此。/ There are five cases of fever in school.学校有5个发烧病人了。【短语】in any case 无论如何,总之 / in case 假使,如果,万一 / in case of 万一,如果发生 / in no case 决不

【用法】1.in case用作连词可引导条件状语从句(=如果,万一)和目的状语从句(=以防),也可直接用作状语(=以防万一):Tell me in case you get into difficulty.遇到困难请告诉我。/ I don’t let him go out in this weather in case he should catch cold.我不让他这种天气出去以防他会感冒。/ / Wear a raincoat(just)in case.穿上雨衣以防万一。2.与in case类似,复合介词in case of也可表示条件(=如果)或目的(=以防):In case of rain they can’t go.万一下雨,他们就不能去了。/ Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.带把雨伞,以防下雨。

castle[] n.[C]城堡:The castle dates back to the ancient Roman days.此城堡建于古罗马时代。

cat[] n.[C]猫:A cat has nine lives.猫有九命(即生命力很强)。

catch[] v.(caught, caught)v.抓住,接住;赶上,乘坐;传染,感染(疾病),患(病等);偶然(或突然)撞见;听清,理解:I’ll throw the ball and you catch it.我扔球你接。/ The policeman caught the thief.警察逮住了小偷。/ The teacher caught him sleeping in cla.老师发现他在上课时睡觉。/ She caught her finger in the door.她的一只手指被门夹住了。

【短语】catch at 抓住,采纳 / catch on 挂住,钩住;受欢迎,流行;领会 / catch sb out 发现某人有错 / catch up with 赶上

cattle[] n.(总称)牛,牲口:He has 80 cattle on the farm.他在农场里有80头牛。/ Farmers grow grain and keep cattle.农民种谷养牛。

【用法】1.虽为单数形式,但永远表示复数意义。2.要表示“牛”的头数,可借助head(单复数同形):100(head of)cattle 100头牛

cause[] n.[C]原因 [U]理由 vt.使产生,引起:The heavy rain was the cause of the flood.大雨是导致洪水产生的原因。/ You have no cause for complaining.你没有理由抱怨。/ What caused his failure? 什么使得他失败了?

【用法】1.用作动词时,其宾语后可接不定式(必须带to)作宾补,但不接形容词作宾补,如不能说The news caused her sad,可改为The news made her sad.或The news caused her to be sad.这消息使她伤心。2.有时接双宾语:The car caused me a lot of trouble.这车给我引来了不少麻烦。

cave[] n.[C]洞,地窖 v.洞穴探险运动;(使)塌下,(使)倒塌:Go into the cave, then they won’t see you.躲进洞里去,那他们就看不到你了。

ceiling[] n.[C]天花板,顶篷:The light hangs from the ceiling above you.电灯从你头上的天花板上吊下来。

celebrate[] v.庆祝,歌颂,赞美:We celebrate International Women’s Day on March 8th.我们在三月八日庆祝国际妇女节。

cent[] n.[C]一分钱;(用作单位)百分之一:There are 100 cents in a dollar.1美元合100美分。/ The price was reduced by 18 per cent.价格降低了18%。

center / centre[] n.[C]中间,中心,中央:The research center will be under his direction.这个研究中心将由他指挥。

central[] adj.中部的,中央的,主要的:central bank 中央银行century[] n.[C]百年,世纪:The castle dates back to the 14th century.这座城堡是十四世纪修建的。

certain[] adj.确定的,无疑的;某种:Are you certain of [about] that? 你对此有把握吗? / She’s certain to pa the exam.她考试肯定会及格。/ For certain reasons I can’t come.因为某些原因,我不能来了。

【短语】for certain 有把握,肯定地 / make certain 弄清楚,弄得有把握,核实

certainly[] adv.一定,无疑地,是的,当然,好:Victory certainly belongs to the people.胜利一定属于人民。

chain[] n.[C,U]链,链条 [C]一连串:She wore a gold chain around her neck.她的脖子上戴了一条金项链。/ chain stores 连锁店

chair[] n.[C]椅子:He was sitting on [in] the chair.他坐在椅子上。chairman[](pl.chairmen)n.[C]主席,董事长,会长:The chairman introduced the speaker to the audience.主席把讲演者介绍给听众。chalk[] n.[U]粉笔:write with a piece of chalk 用粉笔写字

chance[] n.[C,U]机会,偶然性,可能性 v.碰巧,偶然;冒„的危险:They should be given a chance to try.应当给他们尝试的机会。/ I wish to have a chance to go[of going] to college.我希望有个机会上大学。

【短语】by chance 偶然,意外地 / take one’s chance 利用机会

change[] v.改换,改变;更换,兑换 n.[C,U]变化;零钱;找头:What caused him to change his mind? 什么使他改变主意的? / Here is your change.这是你的找头。【短语】for a change 为了改变一下,换换花样 / change A for B 用A去换B / change A into B 把A变成(换成)B / change places 交换位置(座位)

【比较】change sth与change sth for sth:前者指换某物,后者指用某物去换另一物。charge[] n.[U]主管,看管 [C]费用;控告v.收费,索价;指控,控告:He has charge of the branch.他主管分店。/ How much did he charge you for repairing it? 他修理这东西收了你多少钱? / She charged him with cheating.她告他进行欺骗。【短语】in [under] the charge of 由„负责 / have [take] charge of 照顾,管理,负责 【用法】表示“收费”和“控告”时,所搭配的介词不同:charge money for sth=因为某事物而收费,charge sb with sth=指控某人做某事,因某事而控告某人。

chat[] v.& n.聊天,闲谈:They dropped in for a chat last night.他们昨晚顺便来闲聊了一会儿。/ He came over to chat and play cards.他过来聊天、打牌。

cheap[] adj.便宜的,贱的:It’s too cheap to be good.这东西太便宜,好不了(即便宜无好货)。

check[] v.检查,核对;寄存n.[C]检查,核对;(美)支票(=英国的cheque);(饭馆等的)账单:The teacher is checking examination papers.老师在批阅考卷。/ Have you checked your luggage? 你的行李寄存了吗?

cheek[] n.[C]面颊,脸蛋:Her cheeks went a very pretty pink.她的脸变成漂亮的粉红色。/ She kied the baby on the cheek.她在孩子的脸颊上亲了一下。cheer[] n.[C]欢呼 [U]高兴 v.(使)高兴;(使)振奋,欢呼,喝彩:Cheer up!The news isn’t too bad.振作起来吧!消息还不算太坏。

cheese[] n.[C,U]奶酪,干酪:Two cheeses, please.请来两客干酪。chemistry[] n.[U]化学:The chief sciences are chemistry, physics and biology.主要的自然科学是化学、物理和生物。

cheque / check[] n.[C]支票(=美国的check):Here’s a cheque for 500 dollars.这是一张500美元的支票。/ Did you pay by cheque? 你是以支票付款的吗?

chest[] n.胸膛;箱子;公款:a tool chest 工具箱 / I have a pain in the chest.我感到胸痛。

chicken[t] n.[C]小鸡 [U]鸡(肉):Shall we have chicken or duck for dinner? 正餐我们吃鸡还是吃鸭?

chief[] n.[C]首领,领袖 adj.主要的,首要的:a chief engineer 总工程师 / His chief interest is playing che.他的主要兴趣是下棋。

child[] n.(pl.children)[C]小孩,儿童:Children’s Day儿童节 chimney[] n.[C]烟囱,(火山的)喷烟口,(石头的)裂缝

china[]n.[U]陶瓷,瓷器,瓷料:a piece of china 一件瓷器 / a set of china 一套瓷器 / china wedding 瓷婚(结婚20周年纪念)China [] n.中国:new China 新中国 / East China 华东 / socialist China 社会主义中国 / China is in East Asia.中国位于东亚。

Chinese[] n.中国人(单复数同),汉语adj.中国的,中国人的,汉语的:He read all kinds of books, ancient and modern, Chinese and foreign.他读了很多书,古今中外都有。

chocolate[] n.[C,U]巧克力,巧克力糖:a(piece of)chocolate 一块巧克力 / A chocolate ice-cream, please.请给我一份巧克力冰淇淋。

choice[] n.[C,U]选择,挑选:We each had to make a choice.我们每人都必须做选择。/ He has no choice but to go with them.他没有办法,只好跟他们去。【用法】1.have no choice but to do sth(除„外别无选择)中的不定必须带to。2.choice 除用作名词外,有时还可用作形容词,意为“精选的”、“上等的”,如:choice apples 上等的苹果

choose[] v.(chose, chosen)挑选;选举:He chose not to go abroad until later.他决定晚点出国。/ He chose George as his aistant.他选择乔治做他的助手。

【比较】choose sth 与 choose from [among] sth:前者指选取某物,后者指从某物中挑选。所以类似下面这样的句子,其后的from不宜省略:There are various colors to choose from.有各种各样的颜色可供选择。

【用法】1.可接双宾语,若双宾语易位,借助介词for:She chose him a sweater.=She chose a sweater for him.她替他挑选了一件毛衣。2.cannot choose but 后接动词原形,其意为“不得不(只得)做某事”。

【辨析】choose, select 与 pick:choose 为常用词,侧重指凭个人意志或判断进行选择;select 则侧重以客观为标准进行选择,并强调选出好的,淘汰不好的;pick 主要指从个人角度在众多中进行挑选,有时含有任意选择之意。

Christmas[] n.圣诞节:Christmas is an important feast for Christians.圣诞节是基督徒的重要节日。21 24 【用法】1.表示“在圣诞节”,可说at Christmas,也可用 on Christmas Day,注意两者所用介词不同。2.祝某人圣诞快乐时,通常在Christmas前用形容词 merry修饰,其实也可用happy。

church[] n.[C]教堂 [U]礼拜仪式,礼拜:We go to church every Sunday.我们每个星期天都去做礼拜。

【用法】表示具体一座教堂,可数,且根据情况可在其前用冠词;表示在教堂做礼拜或进行礼拜仪式,则不可数,且其前不用冠词:They are in [at] church.他们在做礼拜。cigar[] n.[C]雪茄烟:He lit a cigar.他点燃一支雪茄烟。

cigarette[] n.[C]香烟,纸烟:He is smoking a cigarette.他在抽烟。cinema[] n.[C]电影院(连用the)电影:Let’s go to the cinema tonight.我们今晚去看电影吧。

circle[] v.环绕,盘旋 n.[C]圆,圈子:Circle the correct answers.圈出正确的答案。/ They sat in a circle round the fire.他们围着火坐成一圈。

citizen[] n.[C]市民,公民:a citizen of Beijing 北京市民 / Every citizen must pay taxes.每个公民都必须纳税。

city[] n.[C]城市:Which do you prefer to live, in a city or in the country ? 你喜欢住在城里还是住在乡下?

clap[] v.鼓掌,拍手 n.[C]鼓掌声,拍手声:He clapped his son on the back.他轻轻地拍了拍儿子的背。

cla[] n.[C]班,班级;课;类别;等级;阶级:Cla is at eight.8点开始上课。/ He never took notes in cla.他上课从不记笔记。/ Cla differences can divide a nation.阶级差异会造成国家的分裂。

clamate[] n.[C]同班同学:She got on well with her clamates.她和同学相处得很好。

claroom[] n.[C]教室:Most clarooms have computers.多数教室里都有电脑。

clean[] adj.清洁的,干净的 v.打扫,弄干净adv.完全地,全然地:Her room is always clean and tidy.她的房间总是干净整洁。/ Your shoes need cleaning.你的鞋要擦一擦了。/ I’d clean forgotten to switch the light on.我全然忘了开灯。

clear[] adj.清澈的;晴朗的;清楚的;确定的v.收拾;使(变)清洁;使(变)清澈;变晴 adv.清楚地;完全地:We could see fish in the clear water.我们看到清澈的水中有鱼。/ I am not quite clear yet about this.对此我还不太清楚。/ After the stormwas over, the sky cleared.暴风雨过后,天晴了。

clerk[] n.[C]职员,办事员;书记员:She got a job as a bank clerk.她得到一份银行职员的工作。

clever[] adj.聪明的,伶俐的:It’s clever of her to refuse them.=She is clever to refuse them.她拒绝他们那是明智的。

climb[] v.爬,攀登 n.[C]攀登:Monkeys can climb well.猴子善于攀爬。/ The climb got all of us tired.爬山使我们都累了。

clinic[] n.[C]诊所:It is often le expensive to see a doctor in a clinic than in a hospital.通常去诊所看病比去医院看病便宜。clock[] n.[C]时钟:The clock is 5 minutes fast(slow).这钟快(慢)5分钟。close[] v.关,闭 adj.& adv.[]近,靠近:She closed the door softly.她轻轻地关上门。/ The post office closes at 6.邮局6点关门。/ I live close to the shops.我住得离商店很近。

【注意】用作形容词时,它不表示“关闭”的意思,要表示此义,要用closed:The shop is closed now.商店现在关门了。

cloth[] n.[C,U]布料:Spread a cloth over the table.在桌上铺一块桌布。【用法】表示用作衣料的“布”时,不可数;表示用作某种特殊用途的布(如桌布、台布、揩布等)时,可数。

clothes[] n.(复)衣服,服装:She wears everyday clothes to work.她着便装上班。

【用法】1.是“衣服”的统称,指穿在身上的所有东西。2.是一个没有单数形式的复数名词,但不与数词连用。

clothing[] n.[U](总称)衣服,衣着:They wear very little clothing.他们衣服穿得很少。/ He’s a wolf in sheep’s clothing.他是一只披着羊皮的狼。

【辨析】clothes与clothing:前者为复数名词,后者为不可数名词;前者较具体,后者比较抽象;“一套衣服”是a suit of clothes,“一件衣服”是a piece [an article] of clothing。cloud[] n.[C,U]云(状物):There are dark clouds in the sky.天空乌云密布。club[] n.[C]俱乐部:What club do you belong to? 你是哪个俱乐部的? coal[] n.[C,U]煤,煤块:Coal and oil are natural products.煤和石油是天然物产。

【说明】通常不可数,但若表示正在燃烧中的煤块,则可数。

coast[] n.[C]海岸,海滨:There are many islands off the coast.沿海有许多岛屿。

coat[] n.[C]外套,大衣;表层,涂层:He hung his coat on the hook.他把衣服挂在钩子上。

cock[] n.[C]公鸡;水龙头,旋塞:Cocks crow at dawn.黎明鸡叫。/ Turn the cock to increase the flow of water.请开大龙头以增加水流量。

coffee[] n.[U,C]咖啡:I prefer tea to coffee.我喜欢茶胜于咖啡。

【用法】1.通常不可数,但表示“(一杯)咖啡”时,可数:Three teas and two coffees, please.请来三杯茶和两杯咖啡。2.不要从字面意义误解以下说法:black coffee 纯(清)咖啡 / white coffee 牛奶咖啡 3.形容咖啡的浓淡,可用strong和weak,但不能用thick和thin。coin[] n.[C,U]硬币,钱币:Let me change the dollar bill for coins.让我把这张美元的纸钞换成硬币。

cold[] adj.冷的,寒冷 n.[U]寒冷[C,U]伤风,感冒:It isn’t as cold as it was yesterday.今天没有昨天冷。/ Take care not to catch cold.小心别感冒。

【用法】在have(got)a cold(感冒)这一表达中,a不能省略,但在 take(a)cold, catch(a)cold, get(a)cold这类表达中a却可以省略。但即使是后一种情况,若cold前有形容词修饰,则其中的a也不能省略。

collar[] n.[C]衣领:I seized him by the collar.我一把抓住他的衣领。collect[] v.收集,搜集;领取;收钱;使(思想)集中:She is fond of collecting stamps.她喜欢集邮。/ He’s gone to collect his son.他去接儿子了。

college[] n.[C](综合大学中)学院,高等专科学校;大学:evening college 夜大 / Her elder daughter is in college.她的长女在上大学。

colo(u)r[] n.[C,U]颜色,色彩;颜料v.给„着色,涂色:A blind man can’t judge colours.盲人不能判断颜色。

【说明】汉语说“彩色的„”,根据情况可以用color, colored, colorful 修饰,其区别是:color 用作定语,通常指它所修饰名词能够产生color的效果,如:color TV(彩电),color film(彩色电影);colored 用作定语,通常指它所修饰的名词具有color的特征,如:colored flags(彩旗),colored chalk(彩色粉笔);而colorful用作定语,则指颜色的多样性或色彩的鲜艳性,意为“丰富多彩的”、“多彩的”、“艳丽的”,如:colorful clouds(彩云)。comb[] v.梳 n.[C]梳子:Have you combed your hair? 你梳过头发了吗? come[] v.(came, come)来,来临,到达,出现,来(自);开始:Will you come with me to the store? 你和我一道去商店吗? / I came to realize that he was right.我终于认识到他是对的。

【短语】come about(某情况)发生 / come acro(偶然)发现或遇见 / come on [upon] 偶然碰见;出现,降临 / come on来吧,行啦,快点,好吧,加油 / come along 一道去,跟着 / come in 到来,进来,上市 / come out 出来,出版,有„结果,开花 / come over 来访,来玩,产生 / come round 来访,到来,恢复知觉 / come to 来到,合计,有意义,苏醒,谈到

comfort[] n.[C,U]舒适,安慰 vt.使舒适,安慰:He lived in comfort.他过得很舒服。/ Say something to comfort her.说几句话宽慰她。

comfortable[] adj.(使身体)舒适的,愉快的,轻松的:Please make yourself comfortable.别客气。/ It was comfortable sitting here.坐在这里很舒服。common[] adj.共同的,普通的,一般的:It’s a common cup.这是个公用茶杯。/ “Smith” is a very common last name in England.在英国“史密斯”是很常见的姓。

【短语】in common 共同享有(使用)的 / in common with 和„一样

communism[] n.[U]共产主义:Our ultimate aim is to realize communism.我们的最终目的是实现共产主义。

communist[] n.[C]共产主义者 adj.共产主义的:the international communist movement 国际共产主义运动

companion[] n.[C]同事,同伴,伴侣:Are you alone or with a companion? 你单独一人还是与朋友在一起?

company[] n.[C]公司 [U]陪伴,交往;客人 [C]一群人:Our company is under good direction.我们公司管理有方。/ I’ve come to keep you company.我来给你做伴的。/ A company of travelers are [is] expected to arrive soon.一伙游客不久即将到来。

【用法】表示“客人”,可指一人或多人,但不可数,且一般不与冠词连用:We’re expecting company this evening.我们今晚有客人要来。compare[] v.比较;比喻,比作;比得上,相比:The poet compares his lover to a rose in his poems.诗人在他诗歌中把他的情人比作玫瑰花。/ Compare this with that, and you will see which is the better.把这个同那个一比,就知道哪个更好了。【用法】1.按传统语法,表示“把„比作„”,通常用 compare...to„;表示“把„与„比较”,通常用compare...with...,但在现代英语中,也可用 compare...to...,或者用 compare...and...,尤其在用作状语的 compared to [with]„ 中,to 和 with 几乎没什么区别:Compared to [with] many women, she was very fortunate.和许多人相比她是很幸运的。2.can compare with意为“比得上”、“能与„相比”(其中的 compare 不及物),该结构多用于否定句或疑问句:My English can’t compare with his.我的英语不如他。

complete[] adj.完全的,彻底的,完结的v.完成,结束:We can’t go out until our homework is complete.我们把作业做完才能出去。/ We completed the work five days ahead of time.我们提前五天完成任务。

composition[] n.[C]作文,作品 [U]写作,作曲:Your composition is full of spelling mistakes.你的作文里满是拼写错误。

computer[] n.[C]计算机,电脑:I hate computer games.我不喜欢电脑游戏。/ We used the computer to save time.我们用电脑节约时间。comrade[] n.[C]同志,同乡:He is our comrade.他是我们的同志。concert[s] n.[C]音乐会,演奏会 [U]一致:The concert drew a large audience.音乐会吸引了大量的观众。

condition[] n.[C]条件 [U,C]状况,状态(常用复)情况,环境,形势:I found her in excellent condition.我发现她处于极佳状态。/ Living conditions have improved here.这里的生活条件已得到改善。

【短语】on no condition 绝不 / on condition that 如果,以„为条件

【用法】若on no condition位于句首,其后用倒装语序:On no condition should you tell her about it.你绝不能把此事告诉她。

conductor[] n.[C]管理人,指导者,(车上的)售票员,列车员;乐队指挥;导体,导线:She is a bus conductor.她是公共汽车售票员。/ Wood is a poor conductor of sound.木头是声音的不良导体。

congratulation[] n.(常用复)祝贺,庆贺:Congratulations on your succe.祝贺你取得了成功。

connect[] v.连接,相通,联想,衔接:Connect the fridge to the electricity supply.接通冰箱的电源。/ A railway connects Beijing to [with] Shanghai.北京和上海有铁路连接。/ People connect Anshan with steel.人们提到鞍山就想到钢。

consider[] v.考虑;把„看作;认为:All things considered, I’m sure he will win.综观一切,我相信他会赢。/ She is considering changing her job.她在考虑换工作。【用法】1.后跟动词作宾语时,用动名词,不用不定式。2.表示“认为„是„,通常用“consider+宾语+as+名词或形容词”,其中的as可省略或换成to be。

construction[] n.[U]建造,建设 [C]构造物,建筑物:A new railroad is under construction.一条新的铁路正在修建中。contain[] vt.包含,包括;装,容纳:A sentence usually contains a subject and a verb.句子通常包括主语和动词。

content[] adj.满意的,满足的 vt.使满足,使满意:We are not content with the present achievements.我们不满足于目前的成就。/ I should be well content to do so.我很乐意这样做。/ Simple praise is enough to content him.几句好话就足以使他满意了。【用法】用作形容词时,只用作表语;若用于名词前作定语,要用contented(它同时也可用作表语):He nodded with a contented smile.他面带满意的笑容点了点头。/ Everybody feels contented.大家都感到很满意。

content[] n.1.[C,U]内容,(常用单)含量,容量;(用复数)目录:Look at the contents page of a book before buying it.买书前先看看目录。

continent[] n.[C]大陆,大洲:Africa is a continent.非洲是个大陆。【用法】有时表示“欧洲大陆”,以别于英伦三岛:Coffee was introduced into England from the Continent.咖啡是从欧洲大陆传入英国的。

continue[] v.继续,连续:to be continued 未完,待续 / He continued silent.他继续沉默着。

【用法】后接动词作宾语时,用不定式或动名词均可,且意思相同:They continued to meet [meeting] daily.他们继续每天都见面。

control[] v.& n.控制,支配:They soon got the fire under control.他们很快把火势控制住。/ This made it hard for me to control myself.这使我难于控制自己。【注意】其过去式、过去分词、现在分词要双写l:controlled, controlling。

convenient[] adj.方便的,适合的;容易到达的:Our house is convenient for [to] the station.我们家离车站很近便。/ Will six o’clock be convenient for you? 六点钟你方便吗?

【用法】其实际意思是“使人感到方便的”,而不是“(自己)感觉到方便的”,如可说Railway is convenient(铁路方便),但不说I’ll come if you are convenient,可改为I’ll come if it is convenient for [to] you.你若方便,我就来。

conversation[] n.[C,U]谈话,交谈:I’m tired of your conversation.你的讲话我听腻了。/ in conversation with(在)和„谈话

cook[] v.烹调,煮,烧 n.[C]厨师,炊事员:Who will cook the dinner? 谁来做饭?

【用法】不要将cook(厨师)与cooker(炊具)混淆。

cool[] adj.凉的,凉爽的;冷静的;满不在乎,冷漠的;帅的,酷的 v.(使)某物变凉:Whatever happens, the first important thing is to keep cool.不管发生什么事,头等重要的是保持冷静。

copy[] n.[C]一本(份,册„);复制品 v.抄写,复制;抄袭:a copy of China Daily.一份《中国日报》 / Please make three carbon copies of it.请将它复印三份。corn[] n.[U]谷物,谷粒,玉米:Did the storm do any harm to the corn? 风暴损害庄稼了没有?

corner[] n.[C]角落,拐角:He found her crying in the corner.他发现她在角落里哭。/ There is a shop at [on] the street corner.街道拐角处有家商店。21 29 correct[] adj.正确的,恰当的 vt.改正,纠正:Am I correct in saying this? 我这样说对吗? / I had all my mistakes corrected.我把所有的错误都改正了。cost[] n.[C,U]价格,费用,成本;(用单数)代价,牺牲,损失vt.(cost, cost)值(多少钱),花费;丧失,牺牲:He bought the piano at a cost of 500 dollars.他花500 美元买下了这架钢琴。/ The invention cost him much time.此发明花了他不少时间。/ Carele driving will cost you your life.粗心开车会使你丧命的。/ It cost me $1000 a year to run a car.使用一辆车每年要花我1000美元。

【用法】1.用事或物作主语(包括形式主语it),不以人作主语。2.不用于被动语态。3.主要用于花钱的情形,有时也用于花时间,但通常用于笼统时间(如much time, a lot of time等)。

cottage[] n.[C](郊外的)小屋,村舍;别墅:That old cottage is hidden among trees.那座古老的农舍隐藏在树林中。

cotton[] n.[U]棉花,棉布:grow [raise] cotton 种棉花 / Cotton blankets are generally cheapest.棉毛毯一般最便宜。

【说明】cotton clothes 的实际意思是 “布衣”(棉布做的衣服),而不是“棉衣”(内填棉花的保暖衣)。

cough[] n.[C]咳嗽 vi.咳,咳嗽:He coughed the whole night.他咳了一夜。/ Janet had a bad cough all last week.珍妮特上星期一直咳得很厉害。

could[] v.aux.(表能力)可以,(表许可或请求)可以,(表推测)可能:I ran as quickly as I could.我尽量快跑。/ Could you wait for a few moments? 你能稍等一会儿吗? / Could this be true? 这能是真的吗? / They couldn’t have left so soon.他们不可能走得这么早。【用法】1.could有时是can的过去式,有时不是。表示能力和允许时,could可用作can的过去式,但通常只表示一般性的能力或允许,除非在否定句中,它通常不表示特定场合下的能力和允许。2.表示可能性或客气地表示请求时,could本身可用于现在:You could be right, but I don’t think you are.你可能是对的,但我不这样认为。/ Could you tell me how to get to the station? 请问去车站怎么走?3.表示可能性时,can通常只用于否定句和疑问句,而不用于肯定句,但could却不仅可用于否定句和疑问句,也可用于肯定句。4.其后接动词完成式可以表示“可能已经”、“本来可能”、“本来可以”、“本来应该”、“差点儿”等:She could have forgotten that.他可能把那事给忘了。/ You could have given her some help.你本来可以给她些帮助的。

count[] v.计数,计算,视为:Count these eggs.请数一下这些鸡蛋。/ She counts him as a friend.她把他看作朋友。

counter[] n.[C]柜台,结账处;计算器,计数机,计数器:She put her shopping bag on the counter.她将购物袋放在柜台上。

country[] n.[C]国家,(连用the)农村:May your country grow prosperous and strong!祝贵国繁荣富强!/ He likes living in the country.他喜欢住在乡下。couple[] n.[C]夫妇,一对;一两个:They are a model couple.他们是一对模范夫妻。/ He had only been there a couple of times.那里我只去过一两次。courage[] n.[U]勇敢,勇气,胆略:This will try your courage.这对你的勇气将是一个考验。/ I had not the courage to tell him.我没有勇气告诉他。course[] n.[C](常用单)过程,经过;课程;一道菜:Jim is taking special courses in English.吉姆在学习特别英语课程。/ We had three courses: soup, meat and vegetables, and fruit.我们有三道菜:汤、肉和蔬菜,还有水果。

【短语】in course of 在„过程中,在„时,在进行中 / in [during] the course of 在„期间,在„的过程中 / of course 当然

courtyard[] n.[C]庭院,院子(=court):These bircks are to pave the courtyard.这些砖要用来铺院子。

cousin[] n.[C]堂(表)兄弟,堂(表)姐妹:We are cousins.我们是表亲。cover[] n.[C]封面;套子,盖子 v.覆盖,掩盖;占(时间或空间);行过(路程),通过;够付(费用);看完(多少页书);包括;论及:She covered the table with a cloth.她用一块布把桌子罩起来。/ He covered 15 miles yesterday.他昨天走了15英里。/ Will 500 dollars cover the bill? 500美元够付账了吗?

cow[] n.[C]母牛,奶牛:Can you milk a cow? 你会给奶牛挤奶吗?

crazy[] adj.疯狂的;糊涂的;狂热的,着迷的:He was crazy about [over] the girl.他对那个姑娘十分痴情。/ He was crazy with excitement.他兴奋得发疯。cream[] n.[U]奶油,乳脂 [C,U]含奶油的食品adj.奶油色的,淡黄色的:Butter is made from cream.黄油是用奶油制的。/ Would you like some cream in your coffee? 你的咖啡要加点奶油吗?

crop[] n.[C]收成;庄稼:Which crops does he grow? 他种的是什么庄稼? cro[] n.[C]十字形的东西 v.越过,穿过;交叉,错过adj.脾气不好的,易怒的:Be double careful when you cro the street.你过街时要加倍小心。/ Why are you cro with me? 你为什么对我生气? 【注意】不要与介词acro混淆。

croing[] n.[C]十字路口,人行横道;横渡:Turn left at the second croing.在第二个十字路口向左拐。

crowd[] n.[C]群,人群 v.拥挤,群聚:I caught sight of him in the crowd.我在人群中看到了他。/ The room soon became crowded.房间很快挤满了人。

【用法】用作名词时为集合名词,若用作主语,谓语用单数(看作整体时)或复数(考虑其个体成员时)均可:The crowd move(s)on, and no one tries to stop it.人群向前移动,谁也没试图阻止。

cruel[] adj.残忍的,残酷的:It’s cruel of her to kill the cat.=She was cruel to kill the cat.她把猫杀了,太残忍了。/ He was cruel to his parents.他虐待父母。cry[] v.喊叫,哭 n.[C]叫喊,哭声:It is no use crying over spiltmilk.牛奶打泼,哭也没用(事已如此,后悔也没用)。

cup[] n.[C]茶杯,一杯之容;奖杯 v.把„做成杯形:Would you like a cup of tea? 要喝杯茶吗? / Who won the gold cup? 是谁获得了金质奖杯?

cupboard[] n.[C]碗柜,橱柜:Our supplies for this month are in the cupboard.我们这个月的生活用品在橱子里。

cure[] v.& n.治疗,痊愈:The wound cures easily.这伤容易治好。/ Her cure took six weeks.治好她的病花了六星期。

curious[] adj.好奇的,感兴趣的;奇异的,不寻常的:Children are curious about everything.儿童对什么都感到好奇。

curtain[] n.[C]窗帘,幕(布):The curtain is down.幕已落下来。/ Please draw the curtain.请拉开(拉上)窗帘。

cushion[] n.[C,U]垫子:The sofa cushion is dirty.沙发垫脏了。

custom[] n.[C,U]习俗,习惯;(个人)习惯;(用复数)关税,海关:Eating hot dogs is an American custom.吃热狗是美国人的习俗。/ At the airport, the customs officers searched his case.在机场,海关人员检查了他的箱子。

【辨析】custom 与habit:habit指一个人长时间养成的自然“习惯”;custom 有两个意思,一是指一个民族或一个社会在发展过程中长期沿袭下来的礼节、风俗和习惯(此时与habit不同),二是指一个人有规律的行为或习惯(此时等于habit):It’s my custom [habit] to get up early every morning.每天早起是我的习惯。

cut[] v.(cut, cut)& n.切,剪,割,伤口:He cut my hair short.他把我的头发剪短了。/ First cut the meat into small pieces.先把肉切成小块。/ Words cut more than swords.恶语比利剑更伤人。

【短语】cut down 砍倒;削减,压缩,缩减 / cut in 插入,插话;插队,超车 / cut off 切断,隔断,断绝 / cut out 剪成,戒掉

D 这是我们的日常工作。/ He wrote to her almost daily.他几乎每天给她写信。/ I like to read the People’s Daily.我喜欢看《人民日报》。dad[] n.(口语)爸爸,爹爹:Where is Dad? 爸爸在哪里?

daily[] adj.& adv.每天的(地),日常的(地)n.[C]日报:That’s our daily work.damage[] n.[U]损失,损害,损坏;(用复数)赔偿费 vt.损害,损坏:The accident did very little damage to the car.车祸对车造成的损坏极小。/ The buildings around were badly damaged.附近的建筑物受到严重损坏。

damp[] adj.潮湿的 n.[U]潮湿 vt.使潮湿:It’s damp and cold.天气又湿又冷。/ There’s still damp in these clothes.这些衣服还有点潮。

dance[] v.& n.跳舞,舞会:Would you like to dance with me? 请你同我跳曲舞好吗? / I love to dance to fast music.我喜欢跟着节奏快的音乐跳舞。

danger[] n.[U]危险 [C]危害,威胁:He is in danger of losing his job if he goes on like this.他再这样下去会丢掉工作的。【短语】in danger 有危险 / out of danger 脱离危险

【用法】其后可接 of doing sth 作定语,但不接不定式:He didn’t realize the danger of living here.他没有意识到住在这里的危险。

dangerous[] adj.危险的:It is dangerous to drive after drinking.酒后开车危险。/ This lake is dangerous for swimmers.在这个湖里游泳危险。

dare[] v.(用作情态动词或实义动词)敢:I daren’t ask him.我不敢问他。/ No one dared speak of it.没人敢谈及此事。/ How dare she do such a thing? 她怎么敢做这样的事? / She dared to walk the tightrope.她敢走钢丝。

【用法】1.用作情态动词,主要用于否定句、疑问句、条件从句及由连接副词或 whether等引起的从句中(一般不用于肯定句中)。2.尽管有过去式,但通常用现在式表示过去或后接完成式:I daren’t have done it yesterday, but I think I dare now.昨天我没敢这样做,但现在我想我敢。3.用作实义动词,其后通常接带to不定式,但这个to有时可以省略(尤其在否定句或疑问句中):We don’t dare(to)say anything.我们什么也不敢说。4.I dare say 为习语,其意为“我想”、“很可能”:I dare say he will come.我想他会来的。dark[] adj.黑暗的,(头发、皮肤等)黑色的,深色的n.[U]黑暗,暗处,傍晚,黑夜:at(after, before)dark 在天黑时(后,前)/ Soon it got dark.很快天黑了。/ The darkest hour is before the dawn.最黑暗的时刻过了就是黎明。

【短语】in the dark 在黑暗中 /(be)in the dark(about)对„一无所知,被蒙在鼓里 date[] n.[C]日期,年月日;约会,会晤 v.写日期;回溯:What is the date today? 今天是几号?/ The date’s not fixed yet.日期尚未确定。/ Don’t forget to date your letters.别忘了在你的信上写明日期。

【短语】be out of date 过时的,不再用的 / to date 到目前为止 / up to date 新式的,适合目前的,载有最新资料的 / date a letter 在信上写明日期 / date back to=date from 从回溯至,从„开始

【用法】表示回溯到过去某时,用date back to或 date from均可,尽管其后接的是过去时间,但用作谓语的date却通常要用一般现在时(且用主动语态),而不用一般过去时,除非所谈论的主体现在已不复存在:The church, which dated back to the 13th century, was destroyed in an earthquake two years ago.那座教堂是13世纪建成的,两年前在一次地震中被毁了。

daughter[] n.[C]女儿:daughters of China 中华女儿

dawn[] n.[C,U]拂晓,黎明:We must get up at dawn.我们必须天一亮就起来。/ We work from dawn to dark.我们起早摸黑地工作。

day[] n.[C]日,一天 [U,C]白天,昼;(特定)日子,节日:What day is today? 今天星期几? / We work an 8-hour day.我们一天工作8小时。

【短语】by day 日间,在白天 / day and night 日夜不停地,昼夜兼行地 / day after day 日复一日,多日(强调时间长久)/ day by day 一天一天地,逐日(强调变化)/ one day 有一天(可指过去或将来)/ some day 有一天(只指将来)/ the other day 几天前,早几天 dead[] adj.死的,无感觉的 n.(连用the)死者 adv.全然地:She shot him dead.她开枪把他打死。/ I was dead tired.我累极了。

deal[]n.量,数量 v.对付,应付;买卖,经销;关于,有关;对待;分配,分发:He spent a good deal of money on it.他对此花了不少钱。/ They see each other a great deal.他们经常见面。/ The money was dealt out fairly and justly.钱分配的公平合理。【短语】a good [great] deal(of)许多,大量;经常,非常,„得多 / deal in 做„买卖,出售,经营 / deal out 分配,分给,分发 / deal with 处理,对付,对待;论述;做买卖,有商业关系;与„打交道

【用法】a good [great] deal of 后接的名词通常只能是不可数名词。

dear[] adj.亲爱的;昂贵的 interj.哎呀(表焦急,惊奇,伤心等):Dear Madam 亲爱的夫人 / He got rich by buying cheap and selling dear.他通过贱买贵卖赚钱。death[] n.[U,C]死:She was sentenced to death.她被判处死刑。/ The accident resulted in ten deaths.这次事故造成10人死亡。

December[] n.12月:Christmas Day is the 25th of December.圣诞节是12月25日。

decide[] v.下决心,决定:He decided to go abroad.= He decided on going abroad.他决定出国。

【用法】其后可接不定式或on doing sth,但不直接跟动名词。

decision[] n.[C,U]决定,决心:I hope you’ve made [taken] the right decision.我希望你作出了正确的决定。

【用法】表示做某事的决定,其后接不定式:His decision to become an actor surprised me.他决定要当演员使我吃了一惊。

declare[] vt.声明,断言;宣布,宣告:They declared themselves for(against)the plan.他们宣布赞成(反对)这个计划。

【说明】类似下面句子中to be可以省略,但不能换用as:They declared John(to be)the winner of the game.他们宣布约翰是比赛的获胜者。

deed[] n.[C]行为,事迹:He always did good deeds.他总是做好事。

deep[] adj.深的,深刻的,深奥的,深厚的adv.深深地,深厚地:My love for you is deeper than the sea.我对你的爱比海深。/ He was in a deep sleep.他睡得很沉。【辨析】deep与deeply:1.修饰具体的动作,两者常可互换:breathe deep [deeply] 做深呼吸 2.修饰静止状态一般用deep:He sat there deep in thought.他坐在那儿深思。3.修饰形容词或过去分词,以及某些带感情色彩的动词(如hate, dislike, love, admire, hurt, regret等),通常要用deeply:He deeply hates fish.他很不喜欢吃鱼。/ I’m deeply sorry for it.对此我深表遗憾。4.deep in the night(在深夜)和deep into the night(到深夜)为常用短语,通常用deep。

defeat[] vt.击败;战胜;使落空,使受挫 n.[C,U]失败,击败:They were defeated in the match.他们在比赛中输了。/ Lack of money defeated their plan.资金缺乏使他们的计划失败了。

【辨析】defeat, beat与win:defeat通常可与beat 互换,只是前者比后者更正式,它们与 win不同:win 之后通常接表示比赛或战斗方面的名词,而defeat / beat 之后则往往接比赛或战斗的对手:They defeated [beat] the enemy.他们打败了敌人。/ Who won the game? 比赛谁赢了?

defence(美defense)[] n.[U]防御,保卫 [C]防御工事:The forest will act as a defense against desert dust.森林能起防御沙漠灰沙的作用。

defend[] v.防守,保卫;辩护,辩解:Everyone should learn how to defend himself by the lawful means.每个人都应该学会利用合法的手段保护自己。

degree[] n.[C]度数,学位 [C,U]程度:Water freezes at zero degrees Centigrade.水在摄氏零度结冰。/ He has a doctor’s degree.他有博士学位。【短语】by degrees 一点一点地,逐渐地 / to a degree 有点

【说明】表示“零度”时,说 zero degrees或zero degree均可,但以复数为多见。

delay[] n.[C,U]拖延,延误,耽搁 v.拖延,延误,耽搁:Nobody knew the reason for the delay.没有人知道延误的原因。

【用法】1.后接动词作宾语时,通常用动名词,很少用不定式:Why have they delayed answering our letter? 他们为什么迟迟不回我们的信? 2.用作名词时,其后可接“in+动名词”,但一般不能接“of+动名词”或不定式:Excuse me for my delay in answering your letter.迟复为歉。

delicious[] adj.美味的;有趣的:The meat tastes delicious.这肉味道真好。/ What a delicious joke!这个笑话真有趣!delight[] n.[U]快乐 [C]乐事 v.(使)高兴,(使)快乐:To our great delight the day turned out fine.使我们感到十分高兴的是,天气转晴了。/ Now many people take delight in watching TV.现在许多人都喜欢看电视。

【说明】1.用作名词时,表示抽象的“快乐”,不可数;表示具体的“快乐的事”,则可数。2.delight in doing sth与be delighted to do sth不同,前者表示“喜欢做某事”(指习惯倾向,delight不及物),后者表示“做某事感到很高兴”(多指一时的行为):He delights in listening to music.他喜欢听音乐。/ I’m really delighted to see you.见到你我真高兴。deliver[] vt.投递,递送,传送:Has the mail been delivered yet? 邮件已经投递了吗? / The bo told me to deliver it to a customer.老板要我把东西送去给顾客。【说明】习惯上不接双宾语,即不说deliver sb sth,可改为deliver sth to sb。demand [] vt.要求,需要n.[C,U]要求,请求;需要,需求:They are demanding higher wages.他们要求增加工钱。/ It is impoible to satisfy all demands.有求必应是不可能的。

【短语】in demand 有需求 / on demand 在要求时, 一经请求

【用法】1.用作动词时,及物,要表示“需求某物”,说 demand sth即可,不说 demand for sth。但是用作名词时,其后可接for:The workers’ demand for higher wages seems reasonable.工人增加工资的要求是合理的。2.后接that从句时,从句谓语多用“should+动词原形”:I demand that John(should)go there at once.我要求约翰马上去那儿。3.一般不接不定式的复合结构,即不用于demand sb to do sth,遇此情况可改用从句或在sb之前加介词of:He demanded of us to tell him everything.=He demanded that we(should)tell him everything.他要求我们把一切都告诉他。

department[] n.[C](政府机构的)部,司,局,科;(企业等机构的)部,司,局,科;(校或学术机构等的)系,室,所:the State Department 国务院 / the busine department 营业科 / department store 百货商场,百货公司 / English department 英语系 / the Lost and Found Department 失物招领处

depend[] vi.依靠,依赖,指望,取决于:It(all)depends.=That depends.那要看情况。/ We depend on the radio for news.我们靠收音机听新闻。

【用法】1.不及物,后接宾语时需借助介词on或upon,但在It(all)depends(up)on+从句中,介词(up)on有时可省略:It all depends how you do it.那要看你怎么办。2.要表示“依赖某人做某事”,英语不用depend sb to do sth(因为depend不及物),可用depend(up)on sb to do [doing] sth:We all depend on you to come tomorrow.=We all depend on you [your] coming tomorrow.我们都指望你明天来。

depth[] n.[U,C]深,深度,深奥:What is the depth of the lake? 那湖有多深?/ Nobody knew the depth of her love for him.谁也不知道她对他的爱有多深。

describe[] vt.描写,描述;作图,画;叫做,称做:He described going downstairs and finding his mother lying on the floor.他讲述了他走下楼发现他母亲躺在地板上的情景。/ He described himself as a doctor.他自称是医生。

【用法】不能接双宾语,若语义需要,要用介词to或for来引出间接宾语:Could you describe what you saw to [for] me? 请你将你所见到的情况描述给我听听好吗?

description[] n.[C,U]描述,描写,形容:He gave a description of what he had seen.他对看到的情况作了描述。

desert1[] n.[C,U]沙漠:the Sahara Desert 撒哈拉沙漠

desert2[] vt.舍弃,遗弃:She was deserted by her husband.她被丈夫抛弃了。/ They deserted the farm for the city.他们离开农场迁往城市。

design[] v.设计,绘制;计划,策划 [C,U]设计,图样;谋划,企图:The dictionary is designed for foreign students.这本词典是供外国学生用的。/ The book is designed to improve the students’ spoken English.编写这本书的目的是为提高学生的英语口语。【短语】by design 故意地,蓄意地

desire[] vt.期望,要求,请求 n.[U,C]意欲,愿望,要求:He desires to live in the country.他希望住在乡下。/ He desires her to marry him.他希望她能嫁给他。/ He has a strong desire for succe [to succeed].他渴望成功。

【用法】后接that从句时,谓语通常用should+动词原形:He desires you to come at once.=He desires that you(should)come at once.他要你马上来。

desk[] n.[C]书桌;服务台:Ask at the information desk.到问讯处询问。destroy[] vt.毁坏,毁灭:The town was destroyed by the earthquake.整座城镇被地震毁灭了。/ The heavy rain destroyed all hope of a picnic.大雨打破了野餐的一切希望。

determine[] v.决定,决心:She determined to work harder.她决定更加努力工作。/ We determined on an early start.我们决定早点出发。

【用法】其后可接不定式或on doing sth,但不直接跟动名词:He determined on living [to live] alone.他决定一个人生活。

develop[] v.发展,成长;培养,发扬;开发;养成;患(病);冲洗(照片):Swimming develops the muscles.游泳能使肌肉发达。/ I developed an interest in the machine.我对这机器发生了兴趣。

【辨析】developing与developed:前者指“发展中的”,后者指“发达的”。

devote[] vt.把„奉献(给),致力于;把„专用于:He devoted himself to writing.他专心写作。/ She devoted herself to helping the poor.她献身于帮助穷人。

【用法】在devote oneself to(献身于,致力于),be devoted to(献身于,专用于)等结构中,to是介词,后接动词时要用动名词。

dialog(ue)[] n.[U,C]对话;意见交换:be written in dialogue用对话写 / have(a)reasonable dialogue between the two governments两国政府进行理性地对话 diamond[] n.[U,C]钻石,金刚石:diamond necklace 钻石项链 diary[] n.[C]日记,记事簿:keep a diary 记日记

dictation[] n.[C,U]听写:We’ll have dictation today.我们今天要听写了。/ Hand in your dictations, please.请把你们的听写交来。

【用法】表示听写这一行为或过程,不可数;表示听写的内容或材料,可数。

dictionary[] n.[C]词典,字典:an English-Chinese dictionary 英汉词典 / He is a walking dictionary.他是一个活字典。

【说明】汉语说“查字典”,英语一般用look up a word in the dictionary。

die[] v.死;渴望:He died from a heart attack.他死于心脏病发作。/ Her grandfather died of cancer.他祖父死于癌症。

【短语】die from 死于,因„而死 / die of 死于,因„而死 / die away(声音、风、光线等)渐息,渐弱 / die down(慢慢)熄灭,平静下来

【辨析】die from 与 die of:有人认为若死因存在于人体之上或之内,一般用介词 of;若死因不是存在人体之内或之上,而是由环境造成的,则一般用介词 from。但在现代英语中两者常可混用。

difference[] n.[C,U]不同,差别:What’s the difference between the two words? 这两个词有什么不同? / It makes no difference to me whether he goes or not.他去不去对我没影响。

different[] adj.不同的,差异的:American cars are different from [to,than] ours.美国造的汽车和我们的不一样。

【说明】表示“与„不同”,在英国英语中通常用 to,在美国英语中通常用than,但两者均不如用 from 普遍。

difficult[] adj.困难的,艰难的:It’s difficult to please everybody.很难使每个人满意。/ Please don’t be so difficult.别那么别扭。

【用法】表示做某事有困难,通常用It is difficult to do sth,这类句型的主语通常是it,不能是具体的人或事物,除非这个人或物与其后的不定式有动宾关系(且这个不定式必须用主动式表示被动意义):English is difficult to learn.英语难学。/ He is difficult to work with.他不好共事。但不能说He is difficult to learn English.difficulty[]n.[U,C]困难,费力;难事,难题:Tell me in case you get into difficulty.遇到困难请告诉我。/ This question is full of difficulties.这个问题困难很多。

【用法】表示做某事有困难,其后通常接in doing sth,不接to do sth:He has [finds] little difficulty learning English.他觉得学习英语没什么困难。

dig[](dug, dug)v.挖,掘:He is digging in his garden.他正在花园里挖地。dinner[] n.[C,U]正餐,宴会:We’ll have fish for dinner.我们晚餐吃鱼。/ Dinner will be ready soon.晚饭马上就好了。

dining-room[] n.[C]食堂,餐室

direct[] adj.直接的,直达的;直截了当的adv.径直地,直接地vt.指挥,指导;指挥(演奏),导演(电影);指点,指方向:You can take the most direct road.你可以走最近的路。/ We shall fly direct to Paris.我们将径直飞往巴黎。/ Can you direct me to the post office? 请你告诉我去邮局怎么走好吗?

direction[] n.[C,U]方向,方位 [U]指导,指挥(用复数)说明书,指引:We’re going in the direction of the east(the park).我们将朝东(公园这个方向)走。37 / We did the work under his direction.我们在他的指导下工作。/ Full directions inside.内附详细说明书。

【用法】表示朝某一方向,其前用介词in;表示在某人的指导下,其前用介词under;表示“说明书”,要用复数。

director[] n.[C]管理者,处长,局长,主任;董事;导演:I hate troubling the director.我不想去麻烦局长。

dirt[] n.[U]污物,灰尘:There is some dirt on the desk.桌上有灰尘。dirty[] adj.脏的,下流的 v.弄脏:She has a mountain of dirty clothes to wash.她有一大堆脏衣服要洗。

disappoint[] vt.使失望:I was disappointed at [with, in] the result.我对那结果感到失望。/ I was disappointed at not finding her at home.我发现她不在家,感到很失望。/ I was disappointed not to be chosen.我未被选中,感到很失望。discover[] vt.发现:Columbus discovered America in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现了美洲。/ I discovered him kiing my wife.我撞见他在吻我的妻子。discovery[] n.[C,U]发现;被发现的事物:Columbus’ discovery of America occurred in 1492.哥伦布于1492年发现美洲。

discu[] v.讨论,商议:I want to discu your work with you.我想和你一起讨论你的工作。/ They discued selling the house.他们商量过卖房子的事。【用法】1.及物动词,后接宾语时不要按汉语意思在其后误加介词about。2.后接动词作宾语时,要用动名词,不用不定式(除非其前有疑问词):We discued how to do it.我们讨论了该如何做此事。3.其后可接whether引导的宾语从句,不用if引导的宾语从句:We discued whether we should close the shop.我们讨论了是否应该把店关掉。

discuion[] n.[C,U]讨论,议论:cla discuion 课堂讨论 / The incident caused much discuion among the public.这件事在公众中议论纷纷。

disease[] n.[C,U]病,疾病:Disease is an enemy of mankind.疾病是人类的敌人。/ Some skin diseases are difficult to treat.有些皮肤病很难治。

dish[] n.[C]盘,碟,盘形物;一道菜:He cleared away the dishes.他收拾了餐具。/ There are only two meat dishes on the menu.菜单上只有两类肉类菜。

distance[] n.[C,U]距离,远处:Considering the distance, he arrived very quickly.考虑到路程,他到达是很快的。

【短语】at a(some)distance 在一定距离的地方,隔开一些距离,有些距离 / at [from] a distance of 在„的地方 / from a distance 从远处(方)/ in the distance 在远处,在远方 distant[] adj.远的,遥远的:The moon is distant from the earth.月亮离地球很远。

【辨析】distant与far:distant 可以与数字连用,但far不能。另外,在没有数字的情况下,除非指相当远的距离,否则一般不用distant 而用far。

district[] n.[C]区,地区,区域:She doesn’t live in this district.她不住在这个区。/ a shopping district 商业区

disturb[] vt.打扰;弄乱:I won’t disturb you again unle I have to.除非必要我不会再打扰你了。/ Wind disturbed the water.风吹皱水面。

dive[] vi.& n.跳水,潜水,俯冲:He dived into the river to save a drowning child.他跳入河中救一个快溺死的小孩。

divide[] vt.分,划分,分裂,(数学上)除:Let’s divide ourselves into several groups.我们分成几个小组吧。/ Eight divided by four is two.8除以4等于2。do1[](did, done)v.做,干,办,为;有益,产生效果;尽(力);处理,收拾,洗刷,整理;(对)适合,行,可以:What do you do? 你做什么工作?/ When in Rome do as the Romans do.入乡随俗。/ Any book will do.什么书都可以。/ Will you do me a favor? 你能帮我个忙吗?

do2[](用于构成主要动词的否定式或疑问式、代替重复出现的主要动词或谓语部分、构成倒装句等):Do you know why he was late? 你知道他为什么迟到吗?/ He likes French, and so do I.他喜欢法语,我也喜欢。

doctor[] n.[C]医生,博士:He’s seeing the doctor now.他现在在看医生。dog[] n.[C]狗:keep a dog 养狗 / a lucky dog 幸运儿

dollar[] n.[C]元(美、加等国的货币单位,符号为$):Hong Kong dollar 港币 door[] n.[C]门,(一)家:Tom took ages to answer the door.汤姆耽搁了很久才开门。/ He sells his products(from)door to door.他挨家挨户推销他的产品。double[] adj.双的,两个的;双人的;双重的,两用的 adv.双倍地;两人一道地 n.[U]两倍(的数或量),加倍;两倍之物,酷似的人或物;(用复数)双打v.(使)加倍,(使)翻番:We need a double bed.我们需要一张双人床。/ We cannot pay double this amount.我们不能付双倍的数目。/ Eight is the double of four.8是4的两倍。/ Be double careful when you cro the street.过街时要加倍小心。/ Sales doubled this year.今年销售额增加了一倍。

doubt[] n.[C,U]怀疑 v.怀疑,疑惑:There’s no doubt that he will come.他肯定会来。We have no doubt about [of] his honesty.我们相信他是诚实的。/ I doubt whether [if] it’s true.我怀疑此事是否真实。/ I don’t doubt that he will win.我不怀疑他会赢。【用法】在肯定句中,后接whether或if引导的从句;在否定句中,后接that引导的从句。有时肯定式也用that引导宾语从句,此时that含有类似whether或if的意思:I doubt that [=if / whether] he’s coming.我怀疑他是否会来。

down[] prep.往(在)„的下方,沿着„往下(往远处)adv.向下;减少,减缓:The sun is down.太阳落山了。/ He fell down the stairs.他从楼梯上摔下来。

downstairs[] adv.在(到)楼下 adj.楼下的:Is anyone downstairs yet? 已经有人下楼来了吗?

【用法】用作形容词时,只用于名词前作定语;用作副词时,可用于名词后作定语:the downstairs rooms=the rooms downstairs 楼下的房间

downtown[] adj.城市商业区的,闹市区的 adv.往(在)城市的商业区(或闹市区)n.城市的商业区,闹市区:Let’s go downtown.我们去市商业区吧。dozen[] n.[C]一打(十二个):I’ve been there dozens of times.我去那儿去过几十次了。/ The eggs are sold by the dozen.鸡蛋按打出售。/ Pack them in dozens.按打装袋吧。

【用法】1.与具体数字连用时,复数不加词尾-s,后接名词时通常也不用介词of(除非其后的名词带有限定词):three dozen eggs 三打鸡蛋 / three dozen of these eggs 三打这种 39 鸡蛋 2.与 a few, several, many等数目不很具体的词连用时,其复数带不带复数词尾-s均可,但是注意:若不带复数词-s,其后的介词of可以省略;若带复数词尾-s,则其后介词of不宜省略:several dozen(of)pencils= several dozens of pencils 几打铅笔 draw[] v.(drew, drawn)画,绘制;拖,拉,牵,抽出:We must draw a line between right and wrong.我们必须分清是非。/ The accident drew a large crowd.事故引来了一群人。

drawer[] n.[C]抽屉:Please shut the drawer.请关上抽屉。

drawing[] n.[C,U]图画,素描(画);绘画,制图:He has great skill in drawing.他画画很有技巧。

dream[] n.[C]梦;梦想 v.(dreamt, dreamt /-ed,-ed)做梦,梦见;梦想:Her dream came true.她的梦想实现了。/ She dreamed that she could fly.她梦见她会飞。

【用法】表示梦想做某事,其后不接不定式,而接of doing sth。注意此用法的否定式:Little did I dream of succeeding so well.我做梦也没想到会这样成功。

dre[] n.[C]女服,(统指)衣服,(尤指外衣)童装 v.给„穿衣;穿衣,穿着:She is dreed very well.她穿得很漂亮。/ She was dreed in green.她穿着绿衣服。drill[] n.[C]钻头 [C,U](反复的)训练,演习v.钻(孔),在„上钻孔;(反复)训练:He drilled a hole in the wall.他在墙上钻了个洞。

drink[] v.(drank, drunk)喝饮(酒)n.[U,C]饮料;喝酒;酒:Would you like something to drink? 你想喝点什么吗?/ Bring me two drinks.给我来两杯饮料。drive[]v.(drove, driven)驾驶,开(车);驱赶,迫使:It’s the first time she has driven a car.这是她第一次开车。/ It is a short drive to the village.开车到那个村庄只要很短时间。/ The pain nearly drove him mad.疼痛几乎使他发疯了。

drop[] n.[C]滴,一滴v.丢下,掉下;投递,放弃;变低,变少:Please drop me off here.请让我在这里下车。

【用法】drop in 意为“探望”、“拜访”,若指拜访某人,则用 drop in on sb;若指到某地拜访,则用drop in at a place

【辨析】drop 与fall:表示从高处往下掉或降,两者有时可互换:An apple dropped [fell] from the tree.从树上掉下一个苹果。但是,fall 表示“落下”,多指无意识的行为,有自然坠落之意,且通常是不及物动词;drop 既可指无意的行为,即表示“落下”(不及物),也可指有意的行为,即表示“投下”(及物),如下例就不宜用fall:He dropped the letter into the mail-box.他把信投入信箱。

drown[] v.淹死,溺死;沉溺于,埋头于:He was nearly drowned in the river.他差点在河里被淹死。/ He drowned himself in work.他埋头工作。【用法】在现代英语中主要用作及物动词,表示被淹死时,多用被动语态。

drug[] n.[C,U]药,药物;毒品:I need some pain-killing drugs.我需要一些止痛药。/ Drug taking is against the law.吸毒是违法的。

dry[] v.擦干,弄干,变干 adj.干的,干燥的;干涸的:Keep it dry.把它保持干燥。/ You don’t have to dry-clean it.你不必干洗它。duck[] n.[C]鸭子 [U]鸭肉:It’s a wild duck.那是只野鸭。

due[] adj.到期的,应付(给)的,到期应付的;预定的,约定的;适当的,合适的,应得的:Respect is due to older people.年长者应受到尊重。/ I’m due for an increase in pay soon.我不久就要加薪了。/ We are due to leave tomorrow.我们定于明天动身。【说明】due to 意为“由于”,按传统语法,它只用于引出表语,但在现代英语中引出状语的情况也比较普遍:His illne is due to bad food.他生病是由于吃了不好的食物。/ He arrived late due to the storm.他因风暴而迟到。

dull[] adj.阴暗的;单调无味;呆笨的;(刀等)钝的:All work and no play makes Jack a dull boy.(谚)只工作不玩耍,聪明孩子也变傻。

during[] prep.在„期间,在„时候:Don’t speak during the meal.吃饭时别说话。/ Traffic is very heavy during the rush hour.高峰时间交通十分繁忙。【注意】是介词不是连词,所以不用于引导句子。

dust[] n.[U]灰尘,尘土v.打扫灰尘;擦拭灰土:His clothes were covered with dust.他衣服上全是灰尘。

dusty[] adj.尘土一般的,灰尘弥漫的:a dusty road 一条满是尘土的路

duty[] n.[U,C]责任,义务;职责,工作:Do not forget your duty to your parents.不要忘记对父母应尽的责任。

E 有一间卧室。/ Each boy gets a prize.每个男孩得了一份奖。

接近),each侧重个体。2.each既可用作形容词也可用作代词,而every只能用作形容词,即其后必须修饰名词。3.each指两者或两者以上的“每个”,every指三者或三者以上的“每个”,因此指两者时只能用 each:There are trees on each side of the river.河的两边都有树。4.every可受almost, nearly等副词的修饰,但each不能。each[] adj.& pron.每人,每个,每件,各个:They each had a bedroom.他们每人【短语】each other 互相,相互

【辨析】each与every:1.两者都可用来概括全体,但强调重点不同:every侧重整体(与alleager[] adj.渴望的,急切的:She is eager to succeed [for succe].她渴望成功。/ with an eager expreion 带着殷切的表情

ear[] n.[C]耳朵(常用单)听力,听觉;会欣赏:Elephants have big ears.象的耳朵很大。/ She has a good ear for music.她很会欣赏音乐。

early[] adv.& adj.早的(地);初期(的):He usually wakes early.他平常醒得很早。/ We hope for an early answer to our letter.盼早日赐复。

earn[] vt.赚得;挣得;博得;赢:She earns a high salary.她挣高工资。/ His honesty earned him great respect.他的诚实使它得到了极大的尊重。

earth[] n.地球;土地;泥:The earth goes round the sun once a year.地球一年绕太阳一周。

【短语】on earth究竟;在地球(世界)上;人世间(与最高级连用,以加强语气);一点(也不),全然(用于否定句);究竟,到底(用于疑问词后)41 east[] n.东,东方 adj.东方的:China is in East Asia.中国位于东亚。/ The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。

eastern[] adj.东方的;东部的:an eastern wind 东风

easy[] adj.容易的,不费力的:It is not easy to break off a bad habit.要改掉一个坏习惯不容易。/ He has had an easy life.他一直过着舒适安逸的生活。

【说明】1.除用作形容词外,有时用作副词,主要用于某些习语:Take it easy.不要紧张。/ Easy come, easy go.来得容易,去得快。/ Easier said than done.说说容易做起来难。/ Stand easy.稍息。2.表示做某事很容易,通常用It is easy to do sth:It’s easy(for me)to answer the question.要(我)回答这个问题是容易的。这类句型的主语通常是it,不能是具体的人或事物,除非这个人或物与其后的不定式有动宾关系(且这个不定式必须用主动式表示被动意义):English is easy to learn.英语易学。/ He is easy to work with.他容易相处。但不能说He is easy to learn English.eat[] v.(ate, eaten)吃:It is healthy to eat fruit.吃水果对身体有好处。【短语】eat up 吃完,消灭 / eat out 在外面吃,下馆子

edge[] n.[C]边;边缘;刃,刀口:The edge of the plate was blue.这盘子的边是蓝色的。/ The knife has a very sharp edge.这把小刀的刀刃很锋利。

education[] n.教育;培养:A good education is a neceary tool for succeeding.良好的教育是成功的必要手段。/ moral(intellectual, physical, art)education 德(智,体,美)育

【用法】通常不可数,但有时可与不定冠词连用(尤其是有定语修饰时), 表示一段教育或一种教育。

effect[]n.[C,U]效果,影响,作用:The medicine quickly took effect.药很快见效了。/ The book had quite an effect on her.这书对她影响极大。

【短语】bring [carry, put] sth into effect 使某事物开始实施 / come [go] into effect 开始生效 / in effect 有效,实际上 /(be)of no effect 无效,无益,不中用

【辨析】effect 与 affect:两者均表示“影响”,前者为名词,后者为动词:The news did not affect her at all.=The news had no effect on her at all.这条消息对她没有一点影响。(effect有时也用作动词,但不表示“影响”,而表示“实现”)effort[] n.努力,尽力:It requires pains taking efforts to master a language.学习语言要下苦功。

【用法】1.表示一次一次具体的努力,可数;表示泛指一般性的努力,不可数。2.表示努力做某事,其后通常接不定式,有时也用“at+动名词”:His efforts to find [at finding] his daughter failed.他设法要找到他女儿的努力失败了。3.注意两个常用搭配make efforts to do sth(尽力做某事)和take [require] effort(s)(需要力气,付出努力):The wounded soldier made efforts to stand up.这位受伤的士兵用力想站起来。/ It requires a great effort of will to give up smoking.戒烟需要坚强的毅力。

egg[] n.[C,U]蛋,卵:I bought three dozen eggs.我买了3打鸡蛋。/ The little boy had egg all over his face.这小男孩弄得满脸是鸡蛋。

【说明】表示一个一个的鸡蛋,可数;若指打破后当作食物的鸡蛋,则不可数。eight[] num.八:We work an eight-hour day.我们实行8小时工作日。

either[] adv.也(不)(用于否定句或否定短语后加强语气)adj.(两者中)任何一个的prop.两者之一;任何一方 conj.或者,要么:If you don’t go, I won’t either.如果你不去,我也不去。/ I will take either.两者中我随便拿哪个都行。/ We can either fly there or go by train.我们可以坐飞机去也可坐火车去。

【说明】1.表示“也”,只用于肯定句中,在肯定句或疑问句中表示“也”用too或also。2.只表示两者中的任意一个,不表示三者中的任何一个(此时要用any):either of the two, either of your parents, any of the three, any of them。

elder[] n.长者;前辈 adj.较„年长:elder brother(sister)哥哥(姐姐)electric[] adj.电的,用电的,发电的:an electric lamp 电灯 / She smoothed her dre with an electric iron.她用电熨斗烫平衣服。

electricity[] n.[U]电,电气:electricity bills 电费单 / The machine is driven by electricity.这机器用电力驱动。

elephant[] n.[C]象:The elephant is the largest land animal.大象是最大的陆生动物。

eleven[] num.十一:Lunch is from eleven to one.午饭从11点供应到1点。else[] adv.别的,其他的:Hurry up or else you’ll be late.赶快,否则你就会迟到了。/ You know him better than anyone else.你对他比任何人都更了解。【短语】or else 否则;要不然 / nothing else than 只不过,仅有 【用法】常用在疑问代词或不定代词之后,但不用在which后。

employ[] vt.雇用,使用:He’s employed in a bank.他(受雇)在银行任职。/ We employed him as an adviser.我们聘请他当顾问。/ He employed himself in writing.他忙于写作。/ They employed her to look after the baby.他们请她照看婴儿。/ He employed a hammer to drive a nail.他用锤子钉钉子。

empty[] adj.空的 vt.倒空:The streets were empty of traffic at night.夜间街上没有车辆。/ They emptied the bottle.他们把瓶子一倒而空。

encourage[] vt.鼓励:They encouraged her to try.他们鼓励她试试。end[] n.[C]结束;末梢;尽头,终点v.结束;终止;完结:A period signals the end of a sentence.句号表示一个句子结束了。/ The party did not end until midnight.晚会到半夜才结束。

【短语】at the end of 在„末稍;在„尽头/ by the end of 在„结束时,到„末为止(完成时)/ in the end 最后;终于/ end up 结束,告终 / come [draw] to an end 结束,完结 / put an end to sth 结束某事

endle[] adj.没完的,无止境的:He has given me endle love all his life.他一辈子给了我无尽的爱。

enemy[] n.敌人,敌军:The enemy has suffered heavy loes.敌人受到重大损失。/ The enemy are in flight.敌军正在逃窜。

【用法】视为整体时,作单数看待;考虑其所包含的成员时,作复数看待。

energy[] n.精力,干劲:The child is full of energy.那孩子精力充沛。/ They devoted all their energies to the job.他们把自己的全部精力投入这项工作。【用法】泛指一般意义的“精力”,不可数;具体指某人做事的“精力”,用复数。

engineer[] n.[C]工程师;技师:an aistant engineer助理工程师 / a chief engineer 总工程师 / He is an electrical engineer.他是个电气工程师。

England[] n.英格兰;(泛指)英国:The Queen of England lives in Buckingham Palace.英国女王住在白金汉宫。

English[] n.英国人;英语 adj.英国的,英国人的,英语的:How do you say this in English? 这在英语中怎么说?

【用法】与定冠词连用,表示全体英国人,表复数意义:The English are famous for liking tea.英国人以喜欢喝茶出名。

Englishman[] n.(pl.Englishmen)英国人,英国男人:He speaks English like an Englishman.他说英语有点像英国人。

enjoy[] v.喜欢,享受„的乐趣,欣赏:He enjoyed himself in the vacation.他假期过得很愉快。

【用法】1.后接动词时,只能用动名词形式,不能用不定式。2.其后紧跟when从句时,应先接it:She didn’t enjoy it when her husband kied her in public.她不喜欢她丈夫在公众场合吻她。(其中的it不能省)enough[] adj.& adv.足够的(地),充分的(地)n.足够,充足:Is the river deep enough to swim in? 在这条河里游泳水够深吗?

【用法】1.用作形容词时,通常放在被修饰名词之前,但在正式文体中也可放被修饰名词后:We have enough time [time enough].我们有足够的时间。2.用作副词时,只能放在被修饰词语之后,如可说big enough,但不能说enough big。3.不要误解以下结构的意思cannot...enough(不可能足够):You cannot be careful enough.你越仔细越好。enter[] v.进入,参加,使加入:He knocked at the door and entered.他敲了敲门便走进去了。/ Her dream to enter the famous university came true.她要进入名牌大学学习的梦想实现了。

【用法】表示进入某一具体场所、机构、建筑物等,是及物动词,其后一般不接介词into。若是表示开始进入或从事某一状态或活动,或用于较抽象的概念,则可后接into:I can enter into your feelings at the lo of your son.我理解你失去儿子后的心情。

entire[] adj.全部的,整个的,完善的,完全的:The entire cla will go there.全班都会去那儿。

entrance[] n.[C]入口 [U]进入:Entrance to the college is by examination.进入大学要经过考试。

【用法】表示“„的入口”,其后通常接 to,有时也接of。

envelope[] n.[C]信封:He tore the envelope open.他将信封撕开。envy[] vt.& n.羡慕;忌妒:She said it out of envy.她出于嫉妒说了这话。/ We quite envy you(for)your succe.我们十分羡慕你的成功。

equal[] adj.同等的,平等的;胜任的 v.(使)等于:Mary is equal to Bill in brains.玛丽与比尔头脑一样聪明。/ I’m not equal to the position.我不能胜任这项工作。/ None of us can equal her in beauty.我们没有哪个人有她那样美。

【说明】1.be equal to(等于,能胜任,能应付)中的to是介词,后接动词时要用动名词:This is equal to saying that he’s a cheat.这就等于说他是个骗子。2.用作动词时,及物,不要受形容词用法的影响,在其后误加介词to。

equipment[] n.[U]设备:Recently we bought some new office equipment.最近我们买了些新的办公设备。

escape[] n.& vi.逃脱,逃跑,漏出:I hate him but I can’t escape meeting him.我讨厌他,但又不得不见他。

【用法】1.后接动词要用动名词,不能用不定式。2.表示从某场所逃走或从管制或监禁中逃走等,均不及物,应连用介词from;表示逃避或躲避某种不愉快的事(如危险,处罚等),及物,其后无需用介词。比较:He escaped prison.他躲避了监禁。(逃避不愉快的事)/ He escaped from prison.他越狱了。(从管制或监禁中逃走)especially[] adv.特别,尤其:You should be especially careful.你应该特别小心。/ I like the country especially in spring.我喜欢乡村, 尤其在春天。Europe[] n.欧洲:He has traveled through Europe.他已游遍欧洲。European[] n.[C]欧洲人adj.欧洲的:Many European countries are developed industrial nations.许多欧洲国家是发达的工业国。

eve [] n.黄昏,前夕:New Year’s Eve除夕 / Christmas eve 圣诞节前夕

even[] adv.甚至;即使;连(„都),更:Even now it is not too late.就是现在也不太迟。/ It’s even colder than yesterday.今天比昨天更冷。

【短语】even if=though 即使,虽然 / even as 恰恰在„的时候 / even if [even though] 即使,尽管

【说明】是副词,不是连词,不要用它代替even if或even though(即使)引导让步状语从句,如“即使下雨我们也要去”,不能译为 We’ll go even it rains.(应在even后加上if或though)evening[] n.[C,U]傍晚,晚上;晚会:An hour in the morning is worth two in the evening.(谚)一日之计在于晨。

event[] v.[C]事件,大事;(比赛的)项目:What were the chief events of last year? 去年主要的大事有哪些?

【短语】at all events 无论如何,不论怎样 / in any event 不管怎样 / in that event 如果那样,如果发生那样的情况

ever[] adv.(常用于疑问句、否定句、比较句和if从句)曾经;无论何时:Had you ever seen her before that? 那以前你见过她吗? / That’s the most interesting book I’ve ever read.这是我看过的最有意思的书。

【短语】as ever 依旧,仍然 / for ever 永远 / than ever 比以前,比过去

every[] adj.每;每隔;每„中的:We watch TV every evening.我们每晚都看电视。/ She had every reason for thinking so.她有一切理由这样想。

【用法】1.用于否定句,构成部分否定,意为“并不是每个都”:Not every child likes it.并不是每个小孩都喜欢它。2.every time(每次)除用作副词外,还可用作连词:Every time I listen to your advice, I get into trouble.每次我听你的意见都惹了麻烦。【辨析】every与each 的区别,见each。

everyone[] / everybody[] pron.每人,人人:She is respected by everyone.她受到大家的尊重。/ Everybody has some weak spots.人人都有弱点。【用法】1.用作主语时,谓语用单数。2.用于否定句,构成部分否定:Not everyone can do it.这事并非人人会做。3.其后通常不接of短语,遇此情况可用 every one,如不说 everyone of us,可说every one of us。4.其后相应的人称代词和物主代词可用单数(正式文体)和 45 复数(非正式文体):Everyone knows this, doesn’t he [don’t they]? 人人都知道这一点,不是吗? 5.受形容词修饰时,形容词应置于其后。

everything[] pron.每件事,每样东西;一切:How is everything going? 情况如何?(一切都好吗?)

【用法】1.用作主语时,谓语用单数。2.用于否定句,构成部分否定:Money isn’t everything.金钱并非万能。3.受形容词修饰时,形容词应置于其后:I’ll do everything poible to help you.我将尽一切可能帮助你。

everywhere[] adv.到处;无论哪里:There were bicycles everywhere.到处是自行车。

【用法】有时具有连词性质,用于引出状语从句(与 wherever 用法相似):Everywhere I go, I find the same thing.不管我到哪里,我都遇到同样的情况。

exact[] adj.确切的,准确的;严谨的;精密的:Do you know the exact meaning of the word? 你知道这个词的准确含义吗?

examination / exam[] / [] n.[C,U]检查;考试:Did he pa the maths examination? 他的数学考试及格了吗? / He made an examination of the room.他检查了房间。

【短语】on examination 经过调查(查看)后 / under examination 在检查中,在审查中

【说明】表示“参加考试”,通常不用 take part in an examination,而用 take an examination。比较:sit for an examination参加考试 / enter for an examination 报名参加考试,报考 examine[] vt.检查;询问,诊察:They examined all baggage at the airport.他们在机场检查了所有行李。/ The doctor examined her carefully.医生给她作了仔细的检查。

example[] n.[C]例子,榜样,实例:See the examples given above.见上述例子。/ You should set him an example.=You should set an example to him.你应该给他树立一个榜样。

【短语】for example 例如:A lot of us want to leave now—Bill, for example [=for example, Bill].我们很多人现在都想走,比如,比尔就是一例。

【用法】表示“学习„的榜样”,可用动词follow或copy,即用follow [copy] the example of,但不用动词learn或study。

excellent[] adj.极好的,优秀的:He is excellent in mathematics.他的数学非常好。/ The tone of the school is excellent.这所学校校风极好。

except[] prep.除„之外:We go there every day except Sunday.除了星期天,我们每天都去那儿。/ I can do everything except cook.除了做饭我什么事都会做。/ He has no special fault except that he smokes too much.他除了抽烟太多之外,没有什么特别的毛病。

【用法】1.其后除接名词或代词外,还可接副词、不定式、介词短语、that从句、when从句、what从句、why从句、where从句等:He has nothing now except what we owe him.除了我们欠他的钱外,他现在是一无所有了。/ I like her except when she is angry.除了她发怒的时候,我挺喜欢她。2.后接动词时,通常不用动名词,而用不定式。该不定式有时带to,有时不带to,情形比较复杂,大致原则是:其前有do,不定式不带to;其前没有do,不定式通常带to。

【辨析】1.besides, but与except:besides 表累加,意指“除了什么之外,还有„”;except 和 but 表排除,意指“除了什么之外,不再有„”。但在否定句中,besides 也表示“除„之外不再有„ ”,与but, except 同义。2.except 与 except for:前者主要用来谈论同类的东西;后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西,在说明情况后作细节上的修正,有时含有惋惜之意:We had a pleasant time, except for the weather.我们玩得很高兴,只是天气不太好。但是,注意以下情况:(1)用于all, every, no, everything, anybody, nobody, nowhere, whole 等表示概括性的词语后面时,两者可互换:We shall all take part in the sports except(for)Jim.除吉姆外,我们都将参加比赛。(2)用于句首时,两者同义,但此时通常用except for(因为except通常不用于句首):Except for James, we have told everyone the news.我们已把这个消息告诉了大家,只有詹姆斯没有告诉。

excite[] vt.使兴奋,使激动:The news excited everybody.消息鼓舞了每个人。/ What are you so excited about? 什么事你这样激动?

exciting[] adj.令人兴奋的,使人激动的:I think football is an exciting sport.我认为足球是一种刺激的运动。

【辨析】excited与exciting:前者指感到兴奋的,后者指令人兴奋的。比较:an excited talk=心情激动的谈话(指“谈话”的人心情激动),an exciting talk=令人激动的谈话(指听“谈话”的人心情激动)。

excuse1[] v.原谅;宽恕:Excuse me, can I get past, please? 对不起,能让我过去吗? / Excuse me for coming late.请原谅我来迟了。

excuse2[] n.[C]借口,辩解:Stop making excuses!别再找借口了!exercise[] n.[U]锻炼,运动 [C](常用复)做操,体操 [C]练习(题),训练 vi.锻炼:Exercise is good for health.运动有益于健康。/ We do morning exercises every day.我们每天做早操。

exhibition[] n.[C]展览(会):Let’s take a look round the exhibition.我们去展览会看看吧。【短语】on exhibition 在展出中

exist[] vi.存在,生存:That word doesn’t exist in English.英语中没有这个字。/ No such person ever existed.这样的人从来没有存在过。

expect[] vt.期待,盼望,预期;以为,料想:Don’t expect too much of him.别对他期望过高。/ I didn’t expect to see you here.没想到在这里碰到你。

expensive[] adj.昂贵的:Holiday flights are getting le and le expensive.假日机票越来越便宜了。

【用法】可用于说明事物,但通常不用于说明price,即不说 expensive price。

experience[] n.[U]经验 [C]经历,体验 vt.经历,遭受:This work needs experience and care.这件工作需要经验和细心。【用法】表示抽象的经验,不可数;表示具体的经历,可数。

experiment[] n.[C,U]实验 vi.做实验:do [make, carry out, perform] an experiment 做实验

explain[] v.解释;说明:He explained that he had no money.他解释说他没有钱。

【用法】不能后接双宾语,要表示给某人解释某事,可用explain sth to sb:Can you explain to me what this means? 你能给我解释一下这是什么意思吗?

explanation[]n.[C,U]解释,说明:It needs no explanation.它无需解释。/ Can you make a clear explanation? 你能清楚地作出解释吗?

explode[] v.(使)爆炸,(使)发脾气:He exploded a bomb.他引爆了炸弹。/ The balloon suddenly exploded.气球突然炸了。

exploit[] vt.剥削;开发,开采:exploit natural resources 开发自然资源 / He always sided with the oppreed and the exploited.他总是站在被压迫和被剥削的人一边。expre[] vt.表达,表示:I don’t know how to expre myself.我不知道怎样表达自己的意思。

expreion[] n.[C,U]表达;词句;表情:Her feelings at last found expreion in tears.她的感情终于通过眼泪发泄出来。/ His face was without expreion.他的脸上毫无表情。

extra[] adj.特别的,额外的 adv.特别地,非常地 n.[C]另收费用的项目,附加费用:We are willing to do extra work though we are not paid for it.虽然不给报酬,我们也愿多干些分外的工作。/ He was extra glad to see us.他见到我们高兴极了。/ They charge extra for wine.喝酒他们另外收费。

extremely[] adv.极其,非常:I’m extremely sorry.我非常抱歉。eye[] n.[C]眼睛,视力,眼光,观点:I saw it with my own eyes.那是我亲眼看到的。/ He’s keeping an eye open for a better job.他正在留意一个更好的工作。的表情。

F a face(at)做鬼脸,装怪相,做苦脸(=make faces)/ pull [wear] a long face 愁眉苦脸的样子,板着面孔 / save(one’s)face 挽回面子 face1[] n.[C]脸,面孔:She had a worried look on her face.她脸上有一种忧虑【短语】face to face(with)面对面 / in(the)face of 面对,不顾 / lose face 丢面子 / make

face2[] v.面向,面对:Other problems also had to be faced.还需面对其他问题。/ My house faces the park.我的房子面对公园。【短语】be faced with 面临 / face up to 大胆面向

fact[] n.[C]事实,实际:It is a fact that smoking is a danger to health.吸烟危害健康,这是事实。

【短语】in actual fact 事实上 / as a matter of fact 事实上 / in fact 事实上,实际上 factory[] n.[C]工厂:The factory produces cars.这家工厂生产小汽车。fail[] v.失败,不及格:He’ll surely fail.他必定失败。/ He failed(in)his English examination.他的英语考试不及格。

fair[] adj.公平的,合理的;尚好的;晴朗的 adv.公平地,公正诚实地 n.[C]商品交易会:That’s a fair comment.那是公正的评价。/ a world’s fair 世界博览会

fairly[] adv.公道地,相当地,还算:He told the facts fairly.他实事求是地叙述这些事实。/ That is a fairly easy book.这是一本相当容易的书。

faith[] n.[U]信仰,信念,相信;保证,诺言:Faith can move mountains.精诚所至,金石为开。/ I have faith in his ability.我对他的能力有信心。

fall1[] n.&v.(fell, fallen)落下,跌倒;倒下,下降:The price of food has fallen.食品价格下跌了。/ Be careful not to fall off the ladder.当心别从梯子上掉下来。【短语】fall behind 落后,掉队 / fall in love with 爱上„ / fall off 跌落,下降 / fall over 跌倒,倒下

【辨析】fall 与drop:见drop。

【用法】在少数短语中可用作连系动词,后接形容词:fall asleep 入睡 / fall ill 生病 fall2 [] n.(美)秋季:in the fall of 1988 1988年秋天 / He entered college last fall.他去年秋天上大学。/ These leaves turn yellow in the fall.这些叶子秋天变黄。false[] adj.假的,虚伪,捏造的:false hair 假发 / His story proved false.他讲的情况事实表明是假的。

familiar[] adj.熟悉的,常见的:We are familiar with his character.我们了解他的性格。/ These tales are familiar to Chinese children.这些故事对中国小孩而言是听惯了的。

【比较】We are familiar with the saying.我们熟悉这条格言。/ The saying is familiar to us.这条格言我们熟悉。

family[] n.[C]家,家庭,家族;子女:What’s his family name? 他姓什么?

【用法】若视为整体,则为单数;若考虑其个体,则为复数:My family is very large.我的家庭是个很大的家庭。/ My family are all tall.我全家人的个子都很高。

famous[] adj.著名的,有名的:Her dream to enter a famous university came true.她要进入名牌大学的梦想实现了。

【用法】后接介词as和for意义不同:接as表示“作为„而出名”,接for表示“因„而出名”:He is rather famous as a writer.他是位著名作家。/ France is famous for its wine.法国因其葡萄酒而出名。

fan[]n.[U]扇子,爱好者 vt.扇;煽动;激起:a film [movie] fan 影迷 / electric fan电风扇 / The breeze fanned her hair.微风吹拂着她的头发。

far[] adj.& adv.(farther, farthest;further, furthest)远的(地);很,极,太:If winter comes, can spring be far behind? 冬天来了,春天还会远吗?

【短语】as far as 像„一样远 / by far „得多,最(加强比较级,最高级)/ far from 远离,决非,完全不 / so far 到目前为止(一般和完成时连用)

【用法】用作副词时,可修饰动词、比较级、最高级(=by far)、副词too(太)、介词短语:This story is far more interesting.这个故事有趣得多。/ He speaks English far better than I.他说英语比我好得多。/ He was at the station far too early.他去车站去得太早。【辨析】farther与further:见further。

farm[] n.[C]农场,农庄:He works on the farm.他在农场工作。farmer[] n.[C]农场主,农夫:fruit farmer果农

【辨析】farmer与peasant:前者通常指非英语国家的自耕农或雇农,后者则主要指英语国家的农民。

farther[] adj.& adv.较远,更远(far的比较级):We went no farther than the bridge.我们走到桥头就不再往前走了。【辨析】farther与further:见further。

fast[] adj.快的,(钟表)走得快的;紧的adv.快地;紧地:I’m afraid my watch is fast.我的表快了。/ You’re driving too fast.你车开得太快。

fasten[] v.闩;栓住;捆;系:Fasten your seat belts!请系上安全带!【用法】1.用于本义,表示把某物系于另一物上,通常与介词to连用:He fastened the ox to a tree.他把牛拴在树上。2.用于引申义,表示“注视”、“集中注意力于”等,则通常与介词on [upon]连用:He fastened his eyes(up)on the stranger.他的眼睛盯着这个陌生人。

fat[] adj.肥胖的,多脂肪的n.[U]脂肪,油脂:The doctor told him to stay away from fat foods.医生要他不要吃油腻的食品。

father[] n.[C]父亲:father and mother 父母 / Father’s Day 父亲节

fault[] n.[C,U]过错,缺点,故障,毛病:It’s not my fault.这不是我的错。/ Your only fault is carelene.你惟一的缺点是粗心大意。

【短语】at fault 有错,有责任,有毛病 / find fault(with sb)找(某人的)缺点

favour(美favor)[] n.[C]恩惠,帮助 [U]好感,喜欢:May I ask you a favor? 我可以请您帮个忙吗?

【短语】in favor of 赞成,支持 / in one’s favour 对某人有利

【用法】1.do sb a favour 意为“帮助某人”,也可说成 do a favour for sb,注意其中的动词do不能换成give。2.在do sb a favor中,当favor后用作定语的不定式或of doing sth时,其前的不定冠词通常要改为定冠词。

favo(u)rite[] adj.最喜爱的n.[C]最喜爱的人或物:My favourite sport is skiing.我最喜欢的运动是滑雪。David’s a great favourite with his teacher.大卫是他的老师最为喜欢的学生。

【用法】已含有“最”的意思,通常不再连用most。

fear[] n.&v.害怕,恐惧,担心:He was shaking with fear.他害怕得直发抖。/ Children fear dogs.小孩怕狗。

【短语】for fear of 由于怕,以防 / in fear of 害怕,担心

【用法】1.后接动词可用不定式或动名词:He fears to tell [telling] her what happened.他害怕告诉她所发生的事情。2.fear sb与fear for sb不同:前者指害怕某人,后者指为某人担心。

feather[] n.[C]羽毛:His death is as light as a feather.他的死轻如鸿毛。February[] n.二月:February is the shortest month of the year.二月是一年最短的一个月。

feed[](fed, fed)v.喂(养),饲(养),供养;吃:Sheep feed mostly on gra.羊以草为主食。/ He fed the horse on potatoes.他给马喂土豆。

feel[] v.(felt, felt)摸,触;感觉:Ice and snow feel cold.冰雪摸着是冷的。/ Do you feel sure about it? 你能对这有把握吗? / He felt them to be right.他认为他们是对的。

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