unit2课文讲解_unit2课文解释

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The Road to Modern English

At the end of the 16th century, about five to seven million people spoke English.译文：在16世纪末，大约有500万至700万人说英语。

【注释：at the end of „：在„末尾；at the end of the day最终，到头来；be at(have come to)the end结束，完成；be at the end of到了„的尽头；几至耗尽； all ends up完全地，彻底地；in the end最后，终于；by the end of„:到„为止。】

Nearly all of them lived in England.译文：他们几乎都住在英格兰。

Later, in the next century, people from England made voyages to conquer other parts of the world and because of that, English began to be spoken in many other countries.译文：后来，在随后的一个世纪里，来自英格兰的人航行征服其它地方，因此，在许多其它国家开始说英语。

【注释：because of意为“因为，由于”，后跟名词、代词或动名词，在句中作状语；owing to意为“把成绩或功劳归功于„”,在句中作状语和表语, 如He has made great progre in English owing to your tutorship..而due to则是指“把失败或挫折归咎于„”，在句中作状语和表语,如： Due to the extreme cold, we were unable to plant the trees.由于天气很冷, 所以我们无法去植树。thanks to意为“幸亏”，只作状语，如：This is a great succe,thanks to your help.】

Today, more people speak English as their first, second or a foreign language than ever before.译文：如今，人们比以前更多地把英语当成第一、第二或一门外语。

【注释：as介词，意为：当作，作为。】

Native English speakers can understand each other even if they don’t speak the same kind of English.译文：即使当地说英语的人说的不是同一种英语，他们也能彼此懂得。

【注释：①native speaker说本族语的人,。native（常与to连用，指动植物）特产的，原产于；（也可以指品质）与生俱来的，天赋的，天生的。如：

1）Banana is native to Taiwan.香蕉是台湾的土特产。

2)He has a great deal of native intelligence, ability, charm, etc.他天生聪明、能力强、有魅力等。

②even if = even though意为“即使，尽管”，引导让步状语从句。如：I wouldn't lose courage even if I should fail ten times.即使要失败十次, 我也绝不灰心。

{试题

⑴ Many of them turned a deaf ear to his advice, ____ they knew it to be valuable.A.as ifB.now thatC.even thoughD.so that

⑵ Allow children the space to voice their opinions, _____ they are different from your own.A.until B.now that C.even thoughD.as though 】

Look at this example:

译文：看这个例子：

British Betty:Would you like to see my flat?

译文：英国的Betty:你愿意来看我的公寓吗？

【注释：Would you like to „:愿意，意欲； would like sth.想吃...； 想要....】

American Amy: Yes.Id like to come up to your apartment.译文：美国的Amy: 好的，我很想来看你的公寓。

【注释：①come up:走近，上来，发芽，发生，（意见、观点）被提出，（太阳、月亮）生起。

1）He came up and introduced himself.他走上前来作自我介绍。

2）I’ll let you know if anything comes up.如果发生什么事的话，我会让你知道的。

注意：come up with表示：想出，提出。

They thought about it for a long time, but still couldn’

t ____ a solution.A.come up B.come up with C.get along with D.come out}②flat(英)公寓；apartment(美)公寓。

③I’d like to „: 我愿意„;我很想„】

So why has English changed over time?

译文：为什么英语会随时间而改变呢？

【注释：over time随着时间的过去。】

Actually all languages change and develop when cultures meet and communicate with each other.译文：实际上，在文化碰撞和交流过程中，所有语言都会改变和发展。

【注释：①meet with偶然碰到，碰到；遭受，受到；和„会面。

②communicate with„:与„联系，与„交流，与„沟通。】

At first the English spoken in England between about AD 450and 1150 was very different from the English spoken today.译文：起初，在公元450年至公元1150年在英国所说的英语不同于现在所说的英语。

【注释：①at first起初，开始。

②spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150，以及

spoken today是过去分词短语作定语，相当于定语从句

which was spoken in England between about AD 450 and 1150.注意：过去分词作定语表示该分词与所修饰的词之间的关系式被动关系。

③be different from„： 与„不同。】

It was based more on German than the English we speak at present.译文：当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础，而不是以我们今天所说的英语为基础

【注释：more„ than „：与其说„ 不如说„.。如：

He is more lazy than stupid.与其说他蠢笨，不如说他懒惰。

注意：⑴more than + 名词，表示“不仅是，不只是”，相当于not only;如：Hibernation is more than sleep.冬眠不仅仅是睡觉。

⑵ more than + 数词，表示“超过，多于”，相当于over;

如：There are more than 50 students in our cla.在我们班有50多名学生。

⑶ more than + 形容词/副词，表示“非常，十分”，与“very”同义；如：In cla, she is more than attentive.在课堂上，她非常认真听课。⑷ more than + that sb.can/could do oneself.表示“超出某人能力范围，或超出了„范围”。

如：The job is more than I can do myself 那工作超出了我的能力范围。

⑸ no more than意为“只有、仅仅”,相当于only；

而not more than表示“至多，不超过”，相当于at most;

{Mr.Brown is ____ a teacher to us;we look on him as our friend.A.more than B.more or le C.le than D.more and more }②be based on „：以„为基础。注意：可以用based on的独立结构形式作状语，类似于according to.On the base of„：以„为基础。

____ on this report, the English government decided to ask Captain James Cook to go and look for this continent.A，Having based B.Basing C.Based D.To be based }③at present目前，现

在。For the present现在，目前。

Be present at „:出席„。present sth.to sb.把某物作为礼物送给某人。】

Then gradually between about AD 800 and 1150, English became le likeGerman because those who ruled England spoke first Danish and later French.译文：然后,在公元800年至公元1150年期间，由于那些统治英格兰的人先说丹麦语，后来又说法语，这样英语就逐渐变得不像德语了。

【注释：① become le like变得不像。

②who ruled England是由who引导的定语从句，who为关系代词，代指前面的先行词those,用于指“人”。

③{辨析：rule, govern, control都有“管理，支配，控制”之意，当govern和rule用作“统治，控制”一个国家时，可以互换。但，⑴rule是正式的、庄重的的用语，常用贬义，比govern更专权地管理或统治，含有专制或独裁的意味。

⑵govern指靠权力、专制或按宪法来系统地管理、统治国家、城市、机构等，含有需要知识和判断力来治理和管理的意味。

⑶control指人对事物的一般控制与约束，含有强制使其服从的意味。{试题：1）Alexamder the Great _______(over)a large empire.2)She couldn’t ________ herself that moment.答案：1)ruled;2)control} }】

These new settlers enriched the English language and especially its vocabulary.译文：这些新定居者丰富了英语语言，尤其是在词汇方面。

【注释：①enrich是en + rich构成的派生词，意为“使丰富”，其结构式为“en + 形容词”,（比如：enlarge扩大，encourage鼓励）。

②especially表示递进关系，意为“尤其是”，而specially则表示目的，意为“专门地，特殊地”。

试题：1）he despised them all, _______ Sylvester.他瞧不起他们所有的人，尤其是西尔维斯特。2)I came here ___________ to see you.我特地到这里来就是为了看你。

答案：1）especially； 2）specially。】

So by the 1600s Shakespeare was able to make use of a wider vocabulary than ever before.译文：所以，到了十七世纪莎士比亚比以前能使用更为宽泛词汇。

【注释：make use of„利用，使用； make full use of„充分利用；make good use of„好好利用；make little use of „不充分利用；take full advantage of„充分利用。

In my opinion, the old shopping bag can still be made use of.In 1620 some British settlers moved to America.译文：在1620年，一些英国移民移到美国。

Later in the 18th century some British people were taken to Australia too.译文：后来，在18世纪一些英国人也被带到澳大利亚。

【注释： sb.is taken to sp.某人被带到某处。】

English began to be spoken in both countries.译文：在这两个国家开始说英语。

Finally by the 19th century the language was settled.译文：最终，到19世纪这种语言稳定下来。

【注释：settledadj.不变的,不大可能改变的,稳定的.例如：

Once we get settled, we must ask the neighbours in for

coffee.我们一安顿下来,就一定请邻居来家里喝咖啡。】

At that time two big changes in English spelling happened: first Samuel Johnson wrote his dictionary and later Noah Webster wrote The American Dictionary of the English Language.译文：当时，英语拼写出现两大变化：首先Samuel Johnson写了一部词典，后来Noah Webster写了美国英语词典。

注释：at that time当时，在那时】

The latter gave a separate identity to American English spelling.译文：后者对美国英语拼写给予单独特性。

【注释：the latter后者；与其意思对应的是the former“前者”；latteradj.后者的，后半的，接近终了的；

lateadj.迟的，晚到的；

lateradv较晚地;

latelyadv.近来，最近，不久前。

例如：1）Have you seen him lately?你最近见到过他吗?

2）We later learnt that this wasn't true at all.我们后来了解到根本不是这么回事。】

English now is also spoken as a foreign or second language in South Asia.译文：现在在南亚，英语也作为一门外语或第二语言。

For example, India has a very large number of fluent English speakers because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.译文：例如，由于英国从1765年至1947年统治印度，所以印度拥有大量的能流利说英语的人。

【注释：①a large number of „许多，大量的。注意以下短语后跟的名词不同：

(1)a large/ great/ good number of(2)a great/ good deal of

（3）a great/ good many + 可数名词

（4）a great/ large amount of+ 不可数名词

（5）a good fewn.[c]

（6）quite a littlen.[u]

（7）quite a fewn.[c]

（8）the number of + n.[c]

（9）a lot/ lots of

（10）an amount of + n.[u]

（11）a great/ large quantity of + 可数名词复数

（12）a quantity of + n.[c,u]

（13）large quantities of 或不可数名词

（14）amounts of + n.[u]

（15）plenty of + n.[u,c]

（16）quantities of + n.[u,c]

During that time English became the language for government and education.译文：在此期间，英语成为用于政府和教育的语言。

English is also spoken in Singapore and Malaysia and countries in Africa such as South Africa.译文：在新加坡、马来西亚以及非洲一些国家如南非也说英语。

【注释：such as用来列举出前文所讲的同类人或事物的部分内容，意为“例如，比如”。如：We dislike people such as him.我们不喜欢像他这号人。】

Today the number of people learning English in China is increasing rapidly.译文：如今，中国学英语的人数在快速增长。

【注释：the number of „作主语时，其后的谓语动词使用三单式形式】In fact, China may have the largest number of English learners.译文：事实上，中国可能拥有学英语的人数最多。

【注释：in fact事实上。】

Will Chinese English develop its own identity? Only time will tell.译文：中国英语会形成自己的特色吗？只有时间才能告诉我们。