综合英语一上册第六课leon six_综合英语一上册课文

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Leon six

How Dictionaries Are Made

It is widely believed that every word has a correct meaning, that we learn these meaning mainly from teacher and grammars, and that dictionaries and grammar books are the highest authority.in matters of meaning and usage, Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say.I once got into an argument with an woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary.The English woman said firmly, “what for? I am English.I was born and brought up in England.The way I speak is English.” Such confidence about one’s own language is not uncommon among the English.In the United States, however anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as out of his mind.Useful Expreions

Offer to do sth.主动提出做某事

Bring up抚养,养大

Quarrel with(sb.)与某人争吵

Be out of one’s mind疯了

Begin with以…….开始

Huge/great amount of大量的(不可数)

A(large)number of大量的(可数)

According to按照

That is to say也就是说

From……to从……..到

Regard……as看做,当做

Set up制定

Provide sth.For sb.给某人提供某物

Look up查字典/拜访 某人

Please look up the new word in your dictionary.If you don’t know the word, look it up in the dictionary.I looked up a clamate when I went to Shanghai.What for为什么

You are leaving us? What for?

What are you studying German for?

He knows clearly what he has come here for.Arrive at

The two parties finally arrived at an agreement in the end.Apply to 适用于

This law does not apply to foreign companies.Divide up(between/ among)分配,分享,分担

they don’t know hwo to divide up the work

base on /upon以….为基础.把基础….放在this film I based on a novel by a famous writer.Word List

Widely广泛的,普遍的Mainly主要地

Grammar语法书,语法

Authority权威著作,学术权威

Usage(词语的)惯用法

Argument争论,争辩,争吵

Firmly坚定地,坚决地

Confidence把握,自信心

Uncommon

Edit

Editing

Define

Definition

Firsthand

existing

amount

literature

subject

occupy

decade

alphabetical

sorting

illustrate

represent

carefully

hard-and-fast

influence

given

ruling

statement

record

various

author

historical

lawgiver

scatter

guide

bind

invention

不普通的,不寻常的编辑 编辑给(词语等)下定义(词语等的)定义第一手的,直接的现存的,目前的,现行的 数量 文献,文学题目,题材,主题占(时间,空间,场所等)10年按字母表顺序的整理,分类(用例子等)说明体现,典型地反映,代表 仔细地,聚精会神地(规则等)不可改变的影响,堆…..起作用特定的占指导地位的,统治的陈述,声明 记录各种各样的,不同的著作家,作家历史学家,史学工作者拟定法典者,立法者撒播引导,指导约束,束缚发明(物),创造(物)

In the United States, however, anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary regarded as out of his mind Oxford English dictionary

They are arranged in alphabetical order

Couldn’t have done sth.表示过去不可能做成某事

Translate

1)和这种人交朋友,你简直是疯了

You are out of your mind if you make friends with this kind of man.2)偷东西被认为是很坏的事

Stealing is regarded as a bad thing.3)就这件事你们做出了什么样的决定?

What decision have you made in matters of this?

4)这些规定对6岁以下的孩子不适用

These rules can not apply to the children under six.5)他常常为儿子的教育问题和妻子吵架

He is always quarreling with his wife over the child’s education.6)这些名字是按字母顺序排列的These names are arranged in alphabetical order.7)据他说,钱被几家公司平均瓜分了

He said thatthe money was divided up among a few companies

8)你的计划是以什么为依据的?

What does your plan base on ?

9)对这些工人应该按其劳动的多少来付酬.These workers should be paid by according to the amount they have done.10)下周从星期一到星期五我都会很忙.I will be quite busy from Monday to Friday next week

11)学英语从基础(abc)开始.Learning English begins with ABC

12)我从来没有听说过这个人

I have never learned of this man

13)学生们因自己的那些可笑的错误而发笑

The students laughed over their foolish mistakes.14)他正在找一个更好的工作.He is looking for a better job, to the best of his ability

That man stood up and went out.He is an excellent player and never gives up

He has thrown away his old jacket

I turned on my radio

The French guest arrived in Beijing on Monday

She is taking care of his sick father.Susan is not getting along well with her clamates.We will get off at next bus stop.1)How do people generally look upon dictionaries? In the United States if a person does not

agree with the dictionary how is he or she looked upon?

Generally, people look upon dictionaries and grammar books as the highest authority in matters of meaning and usage.In the united States, anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as out of his mind.2)You didn’t know how dictionaries were made before you read the text, did you? The writing

of a dictionary is not a small job, is it? There is an easy way, isn’t there? That isn’t really dictionary writing, is it?

I didn’t know how dictionaries were made before reading the text.The writing of a dictionary is not a small job.There is no easy way.If there is an easy way , it will not be the real dictionary writing.3)What is the first step in making a dictionary? The task of writing a dictionary begins with reading huge amounts of the literature of the period of subject that the dictionary is to cover.4)do editors copy on cards as they read?

As the editors read, they copy on cards every words in their ordinary uses, and also the sentences in which each of these words appears.5)what do they do after millions of cards are collected? As the cards are collected, they are arranged in alphabetical order.6)how many sentences are usually collected to illustrate a word?

There will be for each word anywhere from two or three to several hundred sentences that illustrate the meaning and use of a word.7)what rule does the editor follow when he writes definitions? What should he not do ?

The editor follows the hard_and _fast rule that each definition must be based on what the sentences in front of him show about the meaning of the word.The editor cannot be influenced by what he thinks a given word ought to mean.8)how does the author define dictionary writing ? what is a dictionary writer according to the author? And what is he or she not?

The writing of a dictionary is not a task of setting up ruling statements about the “true meanings” of words, but a task of recording, to the best of one’s ability, what various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past.The writer of a dictionary is a historian, not a lawgiver.9)Why is it wrong to regard the dictionary as an “authority”?

To regard the dictionary as an “authority” is to look upon the dictionary writer as being able to see into the future, which neither he nor anyone else can do.10)Why should we not be bound by the dictionary in choosing our words? We should not be bound by the dictionary because new situations, new experiences, new inventions, new feelings are always making us give new uses to old words.11)What dictionary do you usually use? Do you think it a good one? Why/why not?

I usually use the oxford English Dictionary.I think it a good one because it has a lot of meanings in it, and each word is given Chinese meanings and English interpretations.12)what do you think you can learn from the text about learning a foreign language? What have you learned?

We should not regard the dictionary as an authority.We should not be bound by the dictionary as each word is changing with the times.