句子成分_关于句子成分

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: 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语名词等作定语时，通常放在被修饰的词前面。He is a new student.但副词，动词不定式，介词短语等作定语时，则放在被修饰的词之后。The bike in the room/there/to be repaired is mine.当定语有一个句子来充当的时候，就做定语从句 Eg: That girl who is standing there is my sister.7、状语: 修饰动词，形容词，副词以及全句的句子成分，叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首,当由一个句子来充当的时候叫做状语从句。包括时间，原因，地点，方式，让步状语从句, 条件状语从句，目的状语从句和结果状语从句等等。Eg: He was born in 1983.He lives in London.When he was a little boy, he studied very hard and often went to libraries.Jane didn’t go to school because he was ill.Even though /if it is raining, we will go there.He is so honest a worker that we will believe him.注：You’d better make a mark where you have any questions You’d better make a mark at the place where you have any questions.二、简单句的五种基本句型

基本句型一： Ｓ Ｖ（主＋谓）

基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ（主＋谓＋表）

基本句型三： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ（主＋谓＋宾）

基本句型四： Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ（主＋谓＋间宾＋直宾）(不固定)基本句型五： Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ（主＋谓＋宾＋宾补）

三、句型实例

句型一：Ｓ Ｖ（主＋谓）主语+不及物动词+状语 此句型的句子有一个共同特点，即句子的谓语动词都能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做不及物动词，后面可以跟副词、介词短语、状语从句等。

sun was shining.The moon rose.The universe remains.We all breathe, eat, and drink.Who cares? 管它呢？ What he said does not matter.他所讲的没有什么关系。

They talked for half an hour.他们谈了半个小时。The pen writes smoothly.这支笔书写流利。

注：1.有时不及物动词有时加一个介词可以转化为及物动词 Eg: She got to school 8:00 in the morning.2.有的动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词。Eg: He began his speech.The concert began at 9:00 in the evening.句型二：主语+连系动词+表语 此句型的句子有一个共同的特点：句子谓语动词都不能表达一个完整的意思，必须加上一个表明主语身份或状态的表语构成复合谓语，才能表达完整的意思。这类动词叫做连系动词。

This is an English-Chinese dictionary.这是本英汉辞典。The dinner smells good.午餐的气味很好。He fell in love.他堕入了情网。Everything looks different.一切看来都不同了。

He is growing tall and strong.他长得又高又壮。

The trouble is that they are short of money.麻烦的是他们缺少钱。

Our well has gone dry.我们的井干枯了。His face turned red.他的脸红了。

句型三：主语+及物动词+宾语 此句型句子的共同特点是：谓语动词都具有实义，都是主语产生的动作，但不能表达完整的意思，必须跟有一个宾语，即动作的承受者，才能使意思完整。这类动词叫做及物动词。

Who knows the answer? 谁知道答案？She smiled her thanks.她微笑表示感谢。

He has refused to help them.他拒绝帮他们的忙。He enjoys reading.他喜欢看书。

They ate what was left over.他们吃了剩饭。He said “Good morning.” 他说：“早上好！

want to have a cup of tea.我想喝杯茶。He admits that he was mistaken.他承认犯了错误。

句型四：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语 此句型的句子有一个共同特点：谓语动词必须跟有两个宾语才能表达完整的意思。这两个宾语一个是动作的直接承受者，另一个是动作的间接承受者。通常这一间接承受者用一个介词来连接，当动作的间接承受者在动作的直接承受者之前时，这一介词往往被省略。

间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有：allow, bring, deny, do(带来），give, grant, hand, leave, lend, offer, owe, pa, pay, permit, promise, read, refuse, render, restore, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有：bring, buy, cash, choose, fetch, get, leave, make, order, paint, play(演奏)，save, sing, spare等。

She ordered herself a new dre.她给自己定了一套新衣裳。She cooked her husband a delicious meal.她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。

He brought you a dictionary.他给你带来了一本字典。He denies her nothing.他对她什么都不拒绝。I showed him my pictures.我给他看我的照片。I gave my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。

I told him hat the bus was late.我告诉他汽车晚点了。He showed me how to run the machine.他教我开机器。句型五：主语+及物动词+宾语+宾语补足语

此句型的句子的共同特点是：动词虽然是及物动词，但是只跟一个宾语还 不能表达完整的意思，必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语，才能使意思完整。

常用于这句型的动词有：appoint, call, choose, elect, entitle, find, make, name, nominate(命名)。

They appointed him manager.他们任命他当经理。They painted the door green.他们把门漆成绿色。This set them thinking.这使得他们要细想一想。

They found the house deserted.他们发现那房子无人居住。What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想？

We saw him out.我们送他出去。

He asked me to come back soon.他要我早点回来。

I saw them getting on the bus.我看见他们上了那辆公共汽车。

课堂练习：

1.I am sorry to have kept you ____.A.wait B.to wait C.waiting D.waited 2.She found her dog ___over by a car on the road.A.run B.ran C.to run D.running 3.Rose is going to have her hair _____.A.do B.done C.did D.doing 4.She felt somebody ___her.A.touched B.touches C.touch D.to touch 5.Canned food does not go ____.A.bad easily B.badly easy __.C.bad easy D.badly easily 回家作业：

1.I will make your dream ____.A.comes true B.to come true C.coming truly D.come true.2.The sad news kept her ___all the night.A.awake B.waken C.wake D.to wake 3.I think ____a bad habit to get up late.A.that B.it C.this D.its 4.He found his money _____.A.steal B.stealing C.stolen D.to steal 5.Roses in bloom smell ____.A.sweetly B.sweet C.sweeten D.sweetne 6.We must have the machine ____.A.to repair B.repairing C.repair D.repaired 7.A television set will keep us ____of the news of the day.A.inform B.to inform C.informed D.informing 8.The speaker found himself ____all alone.A.left B.leave C.leaving D.to leave 9.The speaker found himself ____.A.misunderstand B.misunderstanding C.misunderstood D.to misunderstand 10.—My watch is broken.—Why don’t you ___.A.take a repairer your watch B.take your watch a repairer C.take to a repairer it D.take it to a repairer 11.— ____is your sister? —She is a teacher in a middle school.A.Who B.What C.Which D.Where 12.—How are your parents? —_____.A.They are doctors B.They like sweet food C.They are fine D.They are fifty 13.—-___will you get married to him.—In a month.A.How soon B.How long C.How often D.How much