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光电工程学院2009 年复试《电磁学》试题
一.填空题(50 分)
1.电磁感应强度的单位:2.一线密度为l的圆环,其中心处的电场强度:电势:3.安培环路定理:4.毕奥-萨法尔定理:;用公式表示为:5.一均匀分布电荷圆盘,被挖掉一个同心小圆盘后,其中心电势
如何变化?(变大、变小、还是不变?)
6.通过某一曲面S的磁通量表示为:7.磁场高斯定理:用公式表示为
8.电势与电场强度的积分关系表达式:两者的微分关系表达式:9.麦克斯韦方程组积分形式:;;;;
微分形式:;;
;;三个描述各向同性介质性质的方程:
;;
10.某沿Z 向的长直导线的周围电势分布为:=Aln(x2+y2),则其
电场强度:Ex=,Ey=
11.某均匀带电体的电场分布表达式:某均匀带电面的电场分布表达式:某均匀带电线的电场分布
12.静电场高斯定理:公式表达式:
13.电流连续性方程:含义:
14.洛伦兹力是:公式表达式:15.某平面载流线圈的磁矩是指:公式表达式:
16.光速的公式表达式:其E与H的关系:坡印亭矢量表达式:
含义:
17.法拉第电磁感应定律:公式表达式:18.带电体的尺寸比线度小很多时,带电体可以视为:
二.选择题(30 分,每题3 分)
1.正三角形三个顶点分别放电荷Q,2Q,3Q,求其中心(距顶点距离为L)处的一个点电荷被移动到最远处时,则正三角形对其作的功为()
A、6Q/(4πεL)B、4Q/(4πεL)C、3Q/(4πεL)D、Q/(4πεL)
2.两个平行的相距为L的面积为S 的电极板,分别带电荷为:Q,2Q,介电常量为ε,则两极板电势差为()
A、QL/(εS)B、QL/(2εS)C、2QL/(εS)D、QL/(3εS)
3.平行板电容器带电荷为:Q,-Q,面积为S,间距为d,求其极板被拉到2d时,外力做的功为()
A、dQ2/(εS)B、dQ2/(2εS)C、dQ2/(3εS)D、3dQ2/(εS)
4.平行板电容器带电荷为:Q,-Q,面积为S,间距为d,则其中一个电极板对另一个电极板的作用力为()
A、2Q2 d/(εS)B、2Qd/(εS)C、Q2/(εS)D、Q2 /(2εS)5.静电场高斯定理,正确理解的是()A、电场线一定是闭合的B、某闭合曲面上的电场强度仅仅与其内部的净电荷有关
C、某闭合曲面上的电场强度数值上仅仅与其内部的净电荷有关 D、电场线可以相交
6.均匀电场线上的两点电场强度E和电势φ的关系?()
A、φ越大,E越大B、φ越大,E越小C、电场线越密,电势越大 D、没有关系 7.关于电场和磁场的关系,正确的是()
A、均匀电场周围有着恒定的磁场B、均匀磁场周围有着恒定的电场 C、交变电场周围有着恒定的磁场D、交变磁场周围有着恒定的电场 8.关于霍尔效应,说法正确的有()
A、霍尔电压的方向与载流子的种类无关B、载流子浓度越大霍尔电压越大
C、霍尔电压与薄片的宽度无关D、金属元件比半导体元件的霍尔电压的数值大 9.关于带电粒子在垂直于均匀磁场方向的平面上运动,说法正确的是()
A、电子和质子的运动半径相同B、核质比相同的粒子的回旋周期一定相同 C、回旋周期与粒子速度成反比D、运动半径和粒子速度成正比 10.关于恒定电流,下列说法错误的是()A、电子的漂移速度与电场的传播速度相同 B、沿任何闭合回路的电势降落的代数和为0 C、其电荷分布不随时间改变
D、沿任何闭合曲面的电流密度的通量为0
三.计算题(20 分,每题10分)
1.一个厚度为0.5cm 的无限均匀带电板,电荷密度为1.2E-6(c/m3),(1)求距其表面0.1cm处的电场强度;(2)求其表面外的电场强度;
2.一个圆形线圈A 由50 匝细线绕成,截面积4.0cm2,放在另一个
匝数为100,半径为20.0cm 的圆形线圈B 的中心,两线圈同轴。求:(1)两线圈的互感系数;
(2)当线圈A 中的电流以50A/s 的变化率减少时,线圈B 内 的磁通量的变化率;
(3)线圈B的感生电动势;
系本人复试时备考整理的,主要供参考!英语:
1你来自那个学校? 2什么专业?
3你的学校所在城市有啥景点(signpoints)? 4业余时间干什么?
5对于公共场合抽烟你怎么想? 6关于奥运会利弊? 7介绍一下你自己? 8谈谈你的未来打算? 9香港电影发展快的原因
10你对911事件后美国政府的行为持什么态度? 11课余干什么?
12如果你看到李晓红校长,你会对他说什么? 13看比尔盖茨?
14怎样看待国际人才? 16喜欢什么课程?
17你上网一般干什么啊? 18在图书馆借什么书? 19为什么要靠研究生?
20为什么要选择这个专业? 21你为什么考这个学校? 22说一下你的职业规划? 专业问题:
1你是哪个学校的?你们学校情况怎么样啊? 2学校有多少硕士点?你们学院有多少硕博点? 3学过那些课程? 4什么是光谱?
5可见光的么是波长范围?
6PMT是什么?干什么用的?什么原理? 7EDA编辑软件是什么?说出几个? 8DSP用的什么编辑软件?是什么? 9光的检测方式?
10He—Ne激光器波长多少? 11相干检测是怎么回事?Self---introduce(自我介绍)
12毕业设计是做什么的?做的怎么样了?(很重要,答的好什么都OK啦,说详细点,就少问你几个问题,如果你搞的是综述方面的论文最好就免谈了)什么是链表? 14计算机构成?
15普通光源的特点? 16防眩晕灯的原理? 17半波损失是什么? 18光的本质?
19全反射的原理和应用? 20菲涅尔衍射? 21干涉条件?
22时序和逻辑电路的区别?
23.相干光源和普通光源的区别?
24实验题:用示波器怎么测频率,周期等? 25计算机由什么组成?
26误差有哪几类?怎么检测? 27你未来五年有什么打算?
28防眩晕灯是什么原理及其和半波损失的关系? 29精密机械中零件的主要技术指标是什么? 30 PN结的性质与原理?
31光电倍增管是干什么用的? 32对专业硕士和学术硕士的看法? 33零点飘移?
大家都把自己以前面试的问题发两个上来,让学弟学妹们参考参考吧
(注:光就是光学类的定义啦,区别啦,实验条件啦。电就是电子技术。计算机 就是计算机硬件。中文题涵盖了模电数电和硬件)(一点经验,多了解点光电方面的知识,不需要深,而是要广,他们问的基本上很多都是专业课没学的,或者学了,但是不是重点,平时没留意)
Good morning /afternoon, my dear teachers, my dear profeors.I am very gald to be here for your interview.my chinese name is’ symbolizes peace, health and happine.I also have an English name.my English name is.‘’ represents a childcity.My undergraduate period will be accomplished inuniversity in July this year.Now I am trying my best for obtaining a key to this university.Generally speaking I am a hard working student especially do the thing that I am interested in.I will try my best to finish it no matter how difficult it is.when I was sophomore, I found web design was very intertesting.so I learnd it very hard.To weaver a homepage for myself ,I stayed with my personal computer half a month.And I am the first one in our cla who own his homepage.Furthermore I am a person with perseverance because I firmly believe that persevercance can sometimes equal genius.just like an old proverb goes, there are only two creatures who can mount the pyramids---the eagle and the snail.During the days preparing for the first examination, I insist on running everyday no matter what the weather was like.And just owing to this ,I could concentrate on my study and succeed in the end.Well, in my spare time, I like basketball, Chinese che and pingpong.English is also my favorite.So I often go to English corner to practice my oral English and write compositions to improve my written ability but I know my English is not good enough.so I will continue studying English hard Ok, that`s all, thank you for your attention, my god ble you.2 The reason for my choice(为什么要考研)
I have been deeply impreed by the academic atmosphere when I came here last summer.In my opinion,as one of the most famous university in our city,It provides people with enough room to get further enrichment.I think this is my first reason
The second one is I am long for doing some research in this universiy throughout my life.It`s a pleasure to be with my favorite scientifical research for my life-time.I suppose this is most important factor in my decision.Thirdly, I think further study is still urgent for me to realizemyself –vaule.Life is precious, one time for everyone including me.So it is neceary to seize any opportunity for self-development,espcially in the competitive modern world.plan in the postgraduate(研究生期间的计划)
Well,thank you for question。I hope I can form systematic view of.As for,especially,my expre wish is to get to complete comprehension of formation and development as well as potential economical value.If poible, I will go on with my study for doctorate degree.In a word I am looking forward to making a solid foundation for further profeion after three yeas study here.4 my family(我的家庭)
There are six members in my family.and me.My father isSo he often goes out on busine.It`s obvious to most of us and people around us that most of housework is done my industrious mom.Both my sister and my brother are doctor in my hometown in order to take care of our big family.Mounting at the weekends is our common interest.The fresh air and natural beauty can help us get rid of tiredne.They also can strengthen our
relaxation.During preparing for coming here,my grandfather`s my parents` my sister`s my brother`s love and support have always been my power.So I hope in the future I will able to repay them.5 my hometown ChongQing city(我的家乡)(material source:
I am from a famous city with a long history over 1000 years----city.The city lies in southwestern of china and she also is the center of industry and economy in southwestern china Now,indeed,chongqing city is the bigest city in china in terms of area and population.In addition ,is a popular destination for travelers with her hilly slopes, night views, rivers ,fog and hotpot.As the matter of fact , owing to rivers and fog, it maybe said without fear ofexaggeration thatis a natural wonder.So it is pleasant to visit the city in any season except in summer.Because you know chongqing is unbearably hot during the summer.In a word , I love my hometown----and her culturehave been having a profound influence on my life as well as my work.6 my university(我的大学)
你的大学名字 is one of the oldest univeristy in henan province
It was founded in 1908 and covers an area of 2500 mu.The building area coves about 1000 mu.It develops into a comprehensive university with the efforts of generations especially after the reform and opening up.It takes lead among the same species universities with nice teaching and scientifical research ability.The labrary has astorage of 1.5 million books.And various research institutes are set up including 32 scientifical research center.There are teaching research experimental base, For example, computer center, analyzing-test center, modern education technical center and so on.Thank you!
补充几个问题:
1、你对金融危机的看法,已经金融危机对你的影响?
2、大学期间,是否有过科研经历?
2009 年复试面试
1.英语:(从20 多套题中选一个,口语面试官会问你选哪个序号的题,比如你回答3 号,口语面试官就会用英语问你3号英语题,如果你没有听懂,一般考官会让你改做一个自我介绍,所以自我介绍一定要准备好)部分题:What do you do in your spare time?What do you think of the smoking in the publicplaces?About the Olympic GamesIntrduce yourselfTalk about your future
2.专业面试试题:(面试流程:研究生成绩公布->光电学院复试安排公布-à复试笔试à紧接着按已经分好的组面试,面试的时候分几个面试组,有的专业面试是从光学,电子,机械,微机四个方向挑选两个方向来回答或者有的面试组是挑选一个方向来回答,一般是4 个里面任你选一个方向,在这个方向比如你选光学,就问你一些光学的基本概念)部分题:PMT是什么东西?什么原理?什么用?DSP 是什么?常用的EDA软件,说几个可见光波的波长范围?He-Ne 激光器的波长?相干检测?什么是链表?计算机构成?双极性三极管的原理?普通光源的特点?防眩晕灯的原理?半波损失是什么?光的本质全反射的原理和应用
3.所看的书籍:
《电磁学》所有的版本,基本上都可以。可以参考清华大学出版社 大学物理 第三版 电磁学 张三慧编选定4 个方向中的一个方向,重点看一下相关的书籍,知道的东西越多越好,其它方向的也要多少知道些复试不必太紧张,平时也不用多么抓紧,有空的时候就看看相关的书就行了