宾语从句的用法_宾语从句用法
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宾语从句
一、基本讲解
一、概念:在句中担当宾语的从句叫宾语从句，宾语从句可作谓语动词的宾语，也可做介词的宾语。
eg, He said he was good at drawing.(动词宾语)
He asks him how long Mike has been down.(动词宾语)
Mi Zhang is angry at what you said.(介词宾语)
二、连接词
(1)陈述句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用that,口语中常常省略。e.g, She told me(that)she would like to go with us.(2)以 whether 或 if 引导的宾语从句, 主要用来引导一般疑问句意思或选择疑问句意思的宾语从句，从句同样是陈述语序
eg, I wonder if /whether u have told the new to Li Lei.注意：一般情况下，whether 和if 可以互用，但有些情况例外。
a.当从句做介词的宾于是只用whether 不用if
eg, We are talking about whether we'll go on the pinic.b.引导词与动词不定式或 not 连用时，只用whether.eg, Please let me know what to do next.Could you tell me whether u go or not?
c.if当如果讲，引导的是条件状语从句，这时不能用whether.(3)特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，引导词用特殊疑问词；引导词后要用陈述句语序。
E.g.Could you tell me what's the matterwrong with you? 特殊情况：：当do you think后接特殊疑问句转化成宾语从句时，句式结构应为引导词＋do you think＋陈述句语序。
三、时态
a.当主句是一般现在时，一般将来时或祈使句时，从句不受主句的限制，根据自身的需要选用相应的时态。例如：
Do you know（if/whether he has seen the film）? b.当主句是一般过去时，从句要用过去时的相应时态。例如： I didn't know（if/whether he had seen the film.）
注意：当主句是一般过去时，而从句表示的是客观真理，自然现象，科学原理，格言等，从句仍然要用一般现在时。例如： He said（that the earth moves round the sun.）
The teacher told us（that light travels much faster than sound.）
三、直接引语和间接引语在宾语从句中的运用 1.直接引语和间接引语概述
我们把引述别人的话语可归纳为两种方式，一种时直接引述别人的话语，并置于引号之内的称为直接引语，另一种是用自己的语言转述别人的话语，称为间接引语，间接引语一般构成宾语从句。例如：
The teacher asked, “Do you like English? 老师问：“你喜欢英语吗？”（直接引语）
The girl said that she liked English very much.女孩说她非常喜欢英语。（间接引语）
一般在直接引语或间接引语当中都有一个引述动词，如 tell, ask, say 等。这些引述动词和它们的主语所放位置比较灵活，可以放在直接引语之前、之后或其中。主语如果是名词时，可以倒装。“主语+引述动词”放在间接引语当中就相当于宾语从句的主句部分。例如：
He told me, “I am going to Changchun tomorrow.”
他告诉我：“明天我打算去长春。”
“Where are you from?” asked Linda.“你来自哪里？”琳达问。2.直接引语变间接引语的变化形式
1.人称代词和指示代词的变化
指示代词this和these通常变为that和those。人称代词也要根据情况做适当调整。从句中的第一人称多变为第三人称，第二人称根据情况改为第一人称或第三人称，第三人称不变。例如：He said, “I came to help you.” 他说：“我是来帮助你的。”
→He said that he had come to help me.他说他是来帮助我的。2.时态的变化
引述动词如果用一般现在时或一般将来时，间接引语的时态不变。
引述动词如果用一般过去时，间接引语的时态要变成相应的过去时态的一种。具体变化如下：
一般现在时→一般过去时 一般过去时→过去完成时
现在进行时→过去进行时 现在完成时→过去完成时
一般将来时→过去将来时 【注意】
含有情态动词的直接引语变成间接引语是，情态动词也要相应地变成过去时态。
若直接引语为客观真理或自然规律，变为间接引语时，时态不变。有时由于直接引语有特定的过去时间状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变。
时间状语的变化
now → then last month → the month before today → that day three days ago → three days before tonight → that night tomorrow → the next day
this week → that week next month → the next month yesterday → the day before the day after tomorrow → in two days 地点状语的变化 here → there
谓语动词的变化 come → go 3.直接引语变为间接引语的情况 1.直接引语为陈述句
(1)将直接引语变为由that 引导的宾语从句，接在谓语动词之后(that 可以省略。)例如：
He said, “I forgot to call you yesterday.”
他说：“我昨天忘记给你打电话了。”
→He said that he had forgotten to call me the day before.他说她前一天忘记给我打电话了。
(2)如果引述动词是say to sb.,则通常改为tell sb.sth.结构。例如：
He said to me, “Your bike is broken.” 她对我说：“你的自行车坏了。”
→He told me that my bike was broken.他对我说我的自行车坏了。2.直接引语为一般疑问句
直接引语为一般疑问句，将直接引语变为由if /whether 引导的宾语从句，句中时态、人称、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要做相应的变化。其语序为陈述语序，若直接引语的引述动词为say，应改为ask.例如：
Mary asked me, “Is Helen from the United States?”
玛丽问我，“凯伦是美国人吗？”
→Mary asked me whether/if Helen was from the United States.玛丽问我海伦是否是美国人。3.直接引语为特殊疑问句
直接引语为特殊疑问句，将直接引语变为由特殊疑问句引导的宾语从句，语序是陈述语序。例如：
John asked me, “Where does Zhou Xun come from?” 约翰问我，“周迅是哪儿的人？”
→John asked me where Zhou Xun came from.约翰问我周迅是哪儿的人。4.if 引导的条件状语从句
(1)主句用一般将来时，if 从句用一般过去时。例如：
We will go to Bao Du Zhai if it is fine tomorrow.如果明天天好的话我们就去抱犊寨。
We will to travelling if we have time tomorrow.如果明天我们有时间我们就去旅行。
(2)主句祈使句，if 从句用一般现在时。例如：
Please call me if you need help.如果你需要帮助请打电话给我。
Sing a song if you feel happy.如果感到快乐就唱首歌吧！(3)主句含有情态动词，if 从句用一般现在时。
You can make a lot of money if you run a company.如果你经营一家公司的话你会装很多钱。
You can get number one if you study hard.如果你努力学习你就可以得第一。
—Mary, what about going boating if it doesn’t rain?
玛丽，如果明天不下雨，我们就划船好吗？
—Good idea.好主意。
四、宾语从句与简单句的转化
1.2.当主句谓语动词是hope，wish，decide，forget，plan，agree等，且主句主语与从句主语相同时，从句可简化为不定式结构。如： She agreed that she could help me with my maths.→She agreed to help me with my maths.2.当主句的谓语动词是know, learn, forget, remember, decide等后面带特殊疑问句转化的宾语时，主从句的主语也须一致这时从句可以简化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”。例如：
I don't know which sweater I should buy.→I don't know which sweater to buy.3.当主句的谓语动词是ask，tell, show, teach等后面带双宾语时，从句的主语和间接宾语一致，且从句是由特殊疑问句转化来时，从句可以转化成“疑问词＋不定式结构”,或者在连接代词/副词引导的宾语从句中，当从句主语与主句主语或间接宾语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“连接代词/副词＋不定式”结构。如：→Could you tell me how to get to the park? 4.当主句谓语动词是find，see，watch，hear等感官动词时，从句常简化为“宾语＋宾补”结构，宾补为不带to的不定式或V-ing形式。如： She found that the wallet lay/was lying on the ground.→She found the wallet lie/lying on the ground.相应练习：
（一）
1.Have you decided ________for Australia? A.when will you leave
B.when do you leave C.you will leave when
D.when you will leave 2.Can you tell me _________ ? A.where does Tom live B.where Tom lived
C.Tom lives where D.where Tom lives 3.The old man asked me ________.A.where was the cinema
B.where is the cinema C.where the cinema was
D.where was the way to the cinema 4.I think _______ you will like him.A.that
B.if
C.why
D.how 5.I didn’t know _______ he will come or not.A.that B.whether C.weather
D.how 6.I wonder _________.A.how much cost these shoes
B.how much do these shoes cost C.how much these shoes cost
D.how much are these shoes cost 7.She asked me _________.A.who he was
B.who was he C.who is he D.who he is 8.Ask him ___.A.whose cup this is B.whose cup is this C.this is whose cup D.whose is this cup 9.I don’t know _________.A.what time the movie starts
B.what time starts the movie C.the time to start the movie
D.the movie what time starts 10.The doctor asked me how long ________.A.was I ill
B.have I been ill
C.I have been ill
D.I had been ill 11.The weather forecast doesn’t say _________.A.if it rains tomorrow
B.if does it rain tomorrow C.if it will rain tomorrow
D.if will it rain tomorrow 12.Do you know _________? A.whose pen is this
B.whose pen this is C.whom does the pen belong to
D.whom the pen belong to 13.Could you tell me where _________? A.the tape was
B.was the tape
C.the tape is
D.is the tape 14.They want to know _________? A.where is the hospital B.how old are you C.when the train will leave D.why is the boy crying 15.Tony wanted to know _________.A.what had Father Christmas put in his stocking B.when Father Christmas had put in his stocking C.what Father Christmas had put in his stocking D.where Father Christmas had put in his stocking 16.No one knows ___ the profeor will come to our school tomorrow to give us a talk or not.A.when
B.whether
C.where
D.if 17.July didn’t know_________.A.where is Tim’s father
B.when was the first watch made C.who the old man is
D.what was wrong with her watch 18.No one told us _________, so we need your help.A.how should we do
B.what we should do
C.what to do
D.what should we do 19.We don’t know _________ with the rubbish and it pollutes out land and sea.A.how do it
B.how to do
C.what do it
D.what to do 20.He asked me _________.A.whether I find out the sender of the money
B.whether did I find out the sender of the money C.whether the sender of the money found out
D.whether I found out the sender of the money
（二）
（）1.Your T-shirt is so cool.Could you tell me ________? A.where you buy it B.where do you buy it C.where you bought it D.where did you buy it（）2.—Excuse me.Could you tell me _____I can get to the Space Museum(太空博物馆)?
--Of course.You can take bus No.1.A.where
B.how
C.if
D.why（）3.—Do you know ________the new mobile phone last week?--Maybe 900 yuan.I’m not quite sure.A.how much she paid for B.how much will she pay for
C.how much did she pay for（）4.Michael Jordan has failed over and over again in his life.And that’s ____ he succeeds.A.what B.when C.why
D.where（）5.--Excuse me, could you tell me ________?--Certainly.Go straight ahead and you’ll see it on your left.A.where the post office is
B.when you will visit the museum C.where is the post office
D.when will you visit the museum（）6.—Do you know ________the girl in red is ?
—I’m not sure.Maybe a teacher.A.when B.how
C.where D.what（）7.—What did your parents thank about your decision?--They always let me do_______I think I should.A.when B.that
C.how
D.what（）8.I want to know ________.A.when we should arrive at the airport
B.when should we arrive at the airport C.when the airport we should arrive at
D.when the airport should we arrive at（）9.--Would you please tell me __________?
--At 10:00 this evening.A.when will the train leave
B.when the train will leave
C.when does the train leave（）10.--Do you think ________ a concert in our school hall this weekend?--Yes, there will.A.there will have
B.there will be
C.will there be
D.will there have（）11.I don’t know if my uncle ________.If he ________, I will be very happy.A.comes;will come
B.will come;will come
C.comes;comes
D.will come;comes（）12.--Tommy, do you know if Frank ________ to the zoo this Sunday if it ________?
--Sorry, I have no idea.A.will go;is fine
B.goes;is fine
C.will go;is going to be fine
D.goes;will be fine
（）13.No one can be sure_________ in a million years.A.what man looks like
B.what will man look like
C.what man looked like
D.what man will look like（）14.Sue told me that she _________ shopping with her sister the next day.A.will go B.would go C.goes D.has gone（）15.The new-designed car is on show now.I wonder _________.A.how much it cost B.how much did it cost C.how much it costs D.how much does it cost
（三）
将下列句子中的直接引语改为间接引语： 1.“I am very happy.” said Fisher proudly.2.Dinny said: “I saw Mr Muskam yesterday.”
3.He said: “I will have finished my work by that time.”
4.“I have never seen anything more beautiful than this.” he said.5.Mr Rochester said;“I’ve settled everything;and we will leave Thornfield tomorrow.”
6.“It is too late.” he said.7.“Here is Mi Eyre, sir,” said Mrs Fairfax.8.“I will try it,” said Kate.9.“I’ve studied biology,” he said.10.“We will go back to the house,” he said.
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