句子时态讲解+练习_时态讲解及练习

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一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时、现在进行时、过去进行时、现在完成时、过去完成时，过去将来时，现在完成进行时。常用的时态只有八种。

1．一般现在时的用法

1)表示经常性、习惯性的动作；表示现在的状态、特征和真理．句中常用 often，usually，every day等时间状语。例如：

He goes to school every day．(经常性动作)

He is very happy．(现在的状态)The earth moves around the sun．(真理)

2)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来．例如：

If you come this afternoon，we' ll have a meeting．

When I graduate，I’ll go to the countryside.3)有时这个时态表示按计划、规定要发生的动作，(句中都带有时间状语)但限于少数动词如 begin，come，leave，go，arrive，start，stop，return，open，close等．例如：

The meeting begins at seven.The train starts at nine in the morning．

4)表示状态和感觉的动词，如 be，like，hate，think，remember，find，sound等常用一般现在时．例如：

I like English very much.The story sounds very interesting.5)书报的标题，小说等情节介绍常用一般现在时．

2．一般过去时的用法

l)表示过去某时间发生的事、存在的状态或过去反复发生的动作．

He saw Mr Wang yesterday.He worked in a factory in 1986

2）表示过去经常发生的动作，也可用―used to‖和―would +动词原形‖。例如：

I used to smoke.During the vacation I would swim in the sea.注意；used to表示过去常发生而现在不再发生的动作或存在的状态。另外？―to be used to +名词（动句词）―表示‖习惯于……。例如

I am used to the climate here.He is used to swimming in winter．

3.一般将来时的用法

一般将来时表示将来的动作或状态，其表达形式除了― will或 shall十动词原形‖外，还有以下几种形式．

l)― to be going to十动词原形‖，表示即将发生的或最近打算进行的事．例如：

It is going to rain.We are going to have a meeting today．

2)go，come，start，move，sail，leave等可用进行时态表示按计划即将发生的动作．例如:

I’m leaving for Beijing.3)―be to十动词原形‖表示按计划要发生的事或征求对方意见．例如：

Are we to go on with this work?

The boy is to go to school tomorrow．

4)― be about to十动词原形‖表示即将发生的动作。例如：

We are about to leave．

5)某些词，如 come，go，leave，arrive，start等的一般现在时和现在进行时也可表示将来.The meeting starts at five o’clock.He is leaving tomorrow．

4．现在进行时的用法

1)现在进行时表示现在正在进行的动作，由― to be十现在分词‖构成，另外―系动词十介词或副词‖也表示进行时的意义．例如：

What are you doing?

The bridge is under construction．

2)表示感觉，愿望和状态的某些动词如 have，be，hear，see，like等词一般不用进行时．

5．过去进行时的用法

l)过去进行时表示过去某一时刻、某一阶段正进行的动作，由― was(were)十现在分词‖构成．例如:

In 1980 he was studying in a university.He was reading a novel when I came in．

6．现在完成时的用法

现在完成时由― have十过去分词‖构成．其使用有两种情况：

1)现在完成时所表示的动作在说话之前已完成，而对现在有影响．句中没有具体时间状语．例如

He has gone to Fuzhou.(说话人认为他不在该地)

He has been to Fuzhou．(说话人认为他在该地)

2)现在完成时所表示的动作开始于过去，持续到现在，也许还会持续下去．常用for和 since表示一段时间的状语或 so far，now，today, this week(month，year)等表示包括现在时问在内的状语。例如:

He has studied English for 5 years．

He has studied English since 1985．

Now I have finished the work.注意：表示短暂时间动作的词，如 come，go，die，marry，buy等的完成时不能与for，since等表示一段时间的词连用．

3)现在完成时还可用在时间和条件状语从句中、表示将来某时完成的动作．例如：

I’ll go to your home when I have finished my homework．

If it has stopped snowing in the morning，we’ll go to the park.7．过去完成时的用法

l)过去完成时由― had十过去分词‖构成。过去完成时的动词表示过去某一时刻或某一动作之前完成的动作或状态．句中常用 by，before，until，when等词引导的时间状语．例如：

By the end of last year we had built five new houses.I had learnt 5000 words before I entered the university.2)过去完成时的动词还可表示过去某一时刻之前发生的动作或状态持续到过去某个时间或持续下去。例如：

Before he slept，he had worked for 12 hours．

8．过去将来时的用法

过去将来时表示从过去的某时间看来将要发生的动作或存在的状态．过去将来时由― should或 would十动词原形‖构成。第一人称用 should，其他人称用 would．例如：

They were sure that they would succeed．

9．现在完成进行时的用法

现在完成进行时由― have(has)十 been十现在分词‖构成，表示现在以前一直在进行的动作。有些词，如 work，study、live，teach等用现在完成进行时与用现在完成时意思差不多．例如：

I have worked here for three years．

I have been working here for three years.但多数动词在这两种时态中表示不同意思．例如：

I have written a letter(已写完)

I have been writing a letter．(还在写)

注意：表示短暂动作的动词，如 finish，marry，get up，come，go等不能用这种时态.过去将来时

一般过去将来时表示从过去的某一时间来看将来要发生的动作或存在的状态。过去将来时常用于宾语从句和间接引语中。一般过去将来时的出发点是过去，即从过去某一时刻看以后要发生的动作或状态。过去将来时的构成（句型如下：）

肯定句：主语+be（was，were）going to+动词原形+其他

否定句：主语+be（was，were）not going to+动词原形+其他

疑问句：Be（Was，Were）+主语+going to+动词原形+其他

肯定句：主语+would（should）+动词原形+其他

否定句：主语+would（should）not+动词原形 +其他

疑问句：Would（Should）+主语+动词原形+其他

1同一般将来时，把系动词be变为过去式，把will，shall变为过去式。

例句：I didn't know if he would come.=I didn't know if he was going to come.我不知道他是否会来。

She was sixty-six.In three years，she would be sixty-nine.她66岁了。三年后，她是69岁。

She told us that she would not go with us，if it rained.她告诉我们，如果下雨，她就不和我们一起去了。

I didn't know how to do it.What would be their ideas？ 我不知如何去做，他们会有什么想法呢？

2.过去将来时常可用来表示过去习惯性的动作。此时，不管什么人称，一律用would。

This door wouldn't open..这扇门老是打不开。

Whenever he had time，he would do some reading.他一有时间，总是看书。

I would play with him when I was a child.当我还是孩童时，总是和他一起玩。如:

Ｙou know I would come.你知道我会来的。

Ｗe never imagined that John would become a doctor.我们从未想过约翰会成为一个医生。

过去将来时有时可带时间状语。如:

He said he would come back the next day.他说他第二天回来。

1“was/were going to + 动词原形”或“was/were +动词不定式完成式”可表示未能实现的过去将来时间的动作。

Last Sunday we were going to visit the Great Wall, but it rained.上星期天我们本想去游览长城的，但却下雨了。（没有去成）

I was to have helped with the performance, but I got flu the day before.我是打算帮忙演出的，但前天我感冒了。（没有帮上忙）

2.was/were about to do

“was/were about to do”表示说话的瞬间就会发生的动作。

I felt something terrible was about to happen.我觉得有可怕的事要发生了。

3．was/were on the point of doing

I’m glad you have come.I was on the point of calling you, but you’ve saved me the trouble now.很高兴你来了。我正准备给你打电话，现在你省去我这个麻烦了。

“be ablet to do” 和 “be on the point of doing”结构一般不与表示将来的时间状语连用，但后面可以接when引导的分句。

I was about to start when it suddenly began to rain.()1.There __________ a meeting tomorrow afternoon.A.will be going toB.will going to be C.is going to beD.will go to be()2.Charlie ________ here next month.A.isn’t working B.doesn’t working

C.isn’t going to working D.won’t work()3.He ________ very busy this week, he ________ free next week.A.will be;is B.is;is C.will be;will be D.is;will be()4.There ________ a dolphin show in the zoo tomorrow evening.A.was B.is going to have C.will have D.is going to be()5.–________ you ________ free tomorrow? – No.I ________ free the day after tomorrow.A.Are;going to;will B.Are;going to be;wil C.Are;going to;will be D.Are;going to be;will be()6.Mother ________ me a nice present on my next birthday.A.will gives B.will give C.gives D.give()7.– Shall I buy a cup of tea for you?–______.（不，不要。）

A.No, you won’t.B.No, you aren’t.C.No, please don’t.D.No, please.()8.________ a concert next Saturday? A.There will be B.Will there be C.There can be D.There are()10.If they come, we ________ a meeting.A.have B.will have C.had D.would have()11.He ________ her a beautiful hat on her next birthday.A.gives B.gave C.will giving D.is going to giving()12.He ________ to us as soon as he gets there.A.writes B.has written C.will write D.wrote()13.He ________ in three days.A.coming back B.came back C.will come back D.is going to coming back()14.If it ________ tomorrow, we’ll go roller-skating.A.isn’t rain B.won’t rain C.doesn’t rain D.doesn’t fine

()15.– Will his parents go to see the Terra Cotta Warriors tomorrow? – No, ________（不去）

A.they willn’t.B.they won’t.C.they aren’t.D.they don’t.()17.We ________ the work this way next time.A.do B.will do C.going to do D.will doing()18.Tomorrow he ________ a kite in the open air first, and then ________ boating in the park.A.will fly;will go B.will fly;goes

C.is going to fly;will goes D.flies;will go()19.The day after tomorrow they ________ a volleyball match.A.will watching B.watches C.is watching D.is going to watch()20.There ________ a birthday party this Sunday.A.shall be B.will be C.shall going to be D.will going to be()21.They ________ an English evening next Sunday.A.are havingB.are going to haveC.will having D.is going to have()22.________ you ________ free next Sunday? A.Will;are B.Will;be C.Do;be D.Are;be()23.He ________ there at ten tomorrow morning.A.will B.is C.will be D.be()24.________ your brother ________ a magazine from the library? A.Are;going to borrow B.Is;going to borrow C.Will;borrows D.Are;going to borrows()25.– Shall I come again tomorrow afternoon? –________（好的）.A.Yes, please B.Yes, you will.C.No, please.D.No, you won’t.()26.It ________ the year of the horse next year.A.is going to beB.is going to C.will be D.will is()27.________ open the window? A.Will you pleaseB.Please will youC.You pleaseD.Do you()28.– Let’s go out to play football, shall we? – OK.I ________.A.will coming

B.be going to come C.come D.am coming()29.It ________ us a long time to learn English well.A.takes B.will take C.spends D.will spend()30.The train ________ at 11.A.going to arrive

B.will be arrive

C.is going to

D.is arriving 1-The plane is leaving right now, but Jim hasn't arrived yet.-Well, he said he _____here on time.A came B would come C can be D will be 2 As soon as the baby saw her mother, she _____.A was going to cry B cryed C began to cry D was crying 3 Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A as;come B was;would come C would be;came D will be;come 4Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A spent B would spent C was going to spent D would spend

二、填空She said the bus _______(leave)at five the next morning.2 I wasn't sure whether he _______(lend)me his book the next morning.3 He was fifty-six.In two years he _______(be)fifty-eight.1.Li Ming said he _____happy if Brian_____to China next month.A.as;come B.was;would come C.would be;came D.will be;come 2.Jenny said she _____her holiday in China.A.spent B.would spent C.was going to spent D.would spend 3.—What did your son say in the letter? —He told me that he ______ the Disney World the next day.A.will visit B.has visited C.is going to visit D.would visit 4.I hoped Tina ______ to my birthday party on time the next Wednesday.A.to come B.is coming C.will come D.was coming 5.Father said that he ______ me to Beijing the next year.A.took B.would take C.takes D.will take 6.We were not sure whether they ______ more vegetables.A.are going to grow B.were going to grow C.will grow D.have grown 7.She ______ to work when the telephone rang.A.is going B.will go C.was about to go D.is to go