动词的被动语态_动词被动语态

2020-02-27 其他范文下载本文

动词的被动语态由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“动词被动语态”。

被动语态

英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态

主动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的执行者，被动语态表示主语是谓语动词动作的承受者。在被动结构的句子中，动作的执行者可以由介词by引起的短语表示。Everyone respects him.He is respected by everyone.被动语态的构成：助动词be +done（时态通过be表现出来）

一．各种时态常见的被动语态形式

1.一般现在时(am/is/are + done)如：You are wanted on the phone.有电话找你。【例】：In some parts of the world, tea _____ with milk and sugar.A.is serving

B.is served

C.serves

D.served The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ______ to eat more fruit and vegetables.A.persuade

B.will persuade

C.be persuaded

D.are persuaded 2.一般过去时(was/were+ done)如：The city was liberated in 1949.这座城市是1949年解放的。

【例】：I _____ ten minutes to decide whether I should reject the offer.A.gave

B.was given

C.was giving

D.had given 3.一般将来时(will be done)如：They will be invited to your party.他们将被邀请参加你的晚会。

【例】：Hundreds of jobs _____ if the factory closes.A.lose

B.will be lost

C.lost

D.will lose 4.现在进行时(am/is/are+ being done)如：The car is being repaired.车在修理当中。【例】：A new cinema _____ here.They hope to finish it next month.A.will be built

B.is built

C.has been built

D.is being built

–What’s that noise?

–Oh, I forgot to tell you.The new machine ______.A.was tested

B.will be tested C.is being tested

D.has been tested 5.现在完成时(have/has been done)如：This book has been translated into many languages.这本书已被译成多种语言。【例】：His sister left home in 1998, and ______since.A.had not been heard of B.has not been heard of C.had not heard of D.has not heard of 6.过去将来时(would be done)如：The worker said that the tree would be planted.工人说要把树种上。

【例】：In a room above the store, where a party ______, some workers were busily setting the table.A.was to be held

B.has been held

C.will be held

D.is being held 7.过去进行时(was/were being done)如：The door was being painted then.那道门正在被刷漆。

8.过去完成时(had been done)如：The work had been finished before dark.天黑前工作就完成了。【例】：By the end of last year, another new gymnasium _____ in Beijing.A.would be completed

B.was being completed

C.has been completed

D.had been completed 二．被动语态的基本用法

1.当强调动作的承受着，将承受者作为谈话的中心时用被动语态。如：How long has the machine been used? 2.当没有必要说出动作的执行者或根本不知道动作的执行者是谁时常用被动语态。如：All the work has been finished by now.到现在为止所有的工作都已经做完了。3.当动作的执行者不是人而是无生命的事物时常用被动语态。The window gla was broken by a stone.窗户玻璃是被石头打碎的。

4.有时出于礼貌，不便提到动作的执行者，用被动语态。动作的执行者有可能是别人也可能是自己。如：Enough has been done for you, but you’ve made little progre.为你做了很多，然而你却进步很少。【课后疑难拓展】

【疑难点一：较为特殊的被动语态结构】 1.感官动词和使役动词的被动语态

(be+ seen/heard/noticed/found/watched/observed/let/had/made + to do…)。如：He was seen to enter the room.有人看见他进了房子。

2.带复合宾语的动词在改为被动语态时，常把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留不动。如：Mrs.Smith’s daughter was warned never to drive after drinking.史密斯太太的女儿受警告酒后千万别驾驶。3.短语动词变为被动语态时，把主要动词变为被动形式。如：The old houses are going to be pulled down.这些旧房子将会被拆毁。4.汉语有一类句子不出现主语，在英语中可用被动结构表示，如：It is said that…据说…;It is reported that…据报道…;It is supposed that…据推测…;It is hoped that…希望…;It is well known that…众所周知…;【疑难点二：主动形式表示被动意义】

1.“表示事物状态特征的连系动词look, sound, feel, smell, taste, appear, seem, go, prove, turn, stay, become, fall, get, grow, keep+形容词”构成系表结构。如：The flowers smell sweet.这些花闻起来很香。

【例】：–Do you like the material?--Yes, it ____ very soft.A.is feeling

B.felt

C.feels

D.is felt Books of this kind ____ well.A.sell

B.sells

C.are sold

D.is sold 2.表示主语的某种属性特征的动词，如read, write, act, cut, sell, wash, clean, eat, drink等。这类动词一般不单独使用，常常带一个修饰语。如：The machine runs well.机器运转良好。

3.表示开始、结束、运动的动词，如begin, finish, start, open, stop, close, end, shut, run, move等。如：Work began at 8 o’ clock this morning.工作在今天早上8点开始。

4.某些动词在以物为主语的句子中，其进行时也可以表示被动意义。如：The dinner is cooking.正在烧饭。

5.“介词in, on, under等+名词”构成介词短语表被动意义，名词前一般不用冠词。如：under control, under repair, under discuion, for sale, in print等。如：The bike is under repair.自行车在修理中。

6.有些形容词后的动词不定式由被动的含义。这些形容词构成的句型为：主语+be+形容词(easy/ hard/ difficult/ heavy/ comfortable/ dangerous)+不定式。不定式用主动形式表示被动的含义。如：The work is hard to do.这项工作很难做。

7.在too….to…和enough to do结构中，不定式用主动形式表示被动的意义。如：The story was not interesting enough to publish.这个故事趣味性不够，不能发表。

8.在“主语+have+名词+to do”句型中的不定式一般用主动形式（该动作由主语发出）；如果不是主语发出，不定式则用被动形式。如：Do you have much work to do today? 你今天有很多工作要做吗？

9.worth及表示“需要”意义的need, want, require之后的动名词用主动形式表示被动意义。如：The newspaper is worth reading.这份报纸值得读。【疑难点三：被动语态与系表结构的区别】

被动语态表示动作，主语是动作的承受着；而系表结构则表示主语的特征或所处的状态。1.大多数用by短语的句子是被动语态；若用其他固定搭配的介词，往往是系表结构。如：I was frightened by his ghost story.我被她的鬼故事吓着了。（被动语态）

I was frightened of snakes.我怕蛇。（系表结构）

2.“be+过去分词”用一般现在时，若句中有时间状语，说明动作的反复性或习惯性，是被动语态；若无这类状语，则是系表结构。如：

The bank is usually closed at six.银行通常在6点关门。（被动语态）The bank is now closed.银行现在没开门。（系表结构）【疑难点四：“get+过去分词”结构的用法】

Get型被动语态由起助动词作用的get +及物动词的过去分词构成。这种结构一般只适用于动态动词，常用来表示某些未曾预料到的突发事件，强调动作的结果 eg.get hurt get married get burnt get caught get lost get broken etc.They got lost in the forest.You might get burnt and you might drop the pan of burning oil.【例】：1.Cleaning women in big cities usually get ____ by the hour.A.pay

B.paying

C.paid

D.to pay 2.As we joined the big crowd , I got ____ from my friend.A.separated

B.spared

C.lost

D.mied

3.Be careful when you cro this very busy street.If not, you may _____ run over by a car.A.have

B.get

C.become

D.turn 4.– How are the team playing?

--They’re playing well, but one of them _____ hurt.A.got

B.gets