文学复习_文学常识复习
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名词解释
Poetry-----Meter：格律Foot：音步Iambic: 抑扬格Monometer：单音步*Dimeter：双音步*Trimeter：三音步*Tetrameter：四音步Pentameter: 五音步*Hexameter：六音步*Heptameter：七音步*Octameter：八音步*Nonameter ：九音步*Rhyme：韵脚Stanza诗节Verse：韵文Sonnet: 十四行诗Epic：史诗Blank verse: 无韵体诗Heroic couplet：英雄双韵体Elegy: 挽歌 Ode：颂Lyric：抒情Ballad：民谣Alliteration: 头韵Onomatopoeia拟声Synesthesia：通感Aonance: 元音韵Consonance: 辅音韵Conceit:（玄派诗人使用的）新奇的隐喻Dramatic monologue: 戏剧独白Pre-Raphaelite Poets：前拉斐尔派诗人Image: 意象Symbol: 象征Imagism: 意象派 Symbolism：象征主义Lake Poets：湖畔诗人The Movement：“运动”
Drama----Act: 幕Scene: 场Protagonist：主角Antagonist：反角Aside：旁白Soliloquy：独白Plot：情节Dramatic structure戏剧结构: exposition（开端）—rising action（发展）---climax（高潮）—falling action（回落）---resolution（结局）Three unities: 三一律Foreshadowing：伏笔Morality play：道德剧Interlude：插剧Comedy：喜剧Tragedy：悲剧Heroic drama：英雄剧University Wits: “大学才子”Comedy of manners：风尚喜剧Irish dramatic movement: 爱尔兰戏剧运动Absurd theatre: 荒诞剧
Novel---Setting：背景Character：人物Plot：情节Theme：主题Point of view：叙事角度Flat character：扁平人物Round character：圆形人物 Foil：陪衬人物
Fiction：小说 Novel：长篇小说
Short story：短篇小说 Romance：传奇 Picaresque novel：流浪小说 Epistolary novel：书信体小说 Gothic novel: 哥特小说 Flashback：闪回Irony：讽刺 Parody：戏仿Understatement：含蓄陈述 Stream of consciousne：意识流Moment of importance：重要瞬间Epiphany：精神顿悟 Psychological Time：心理时间 Historical novel: 历史小说Detective story：侦探小说Ghost story：鬼故事 Saga：萨迦；（讲述许多年间发生的事情的）长篇故事 Anti-utopian novel: 反乌托邦小说
Prose----Non-fiction: 纪实性文学（非小说）Chronicle：编年史Eay：随笔
The Spectator: 《旁观者报》
时代及流派
Medieval Period： 中世纪Norman Conquest 诺曼征服Feudal Period：封建时期Chivalry：骑士精神Reformation：宗教改革Elizabethan Age：伊莉莎白时期Renaiance：文艺复兴Humanism：人文主义 The Anglican Church：英国国教（圣公会）
The British Civil War：英国内战Restoration：王政复辟 Metaphysical Poets：玄派诗人Enlightenment：启蒙运动 Neo-claicism：新古典主义 Sentimentalism：感伤主义Industrial Revolution：工业革命 Romanticism：浪漫主义 Victorian Age：维多利亚时期The Chartist Movement：宪章运动
(Critical)Realism：（批判）现实主义Naturalism：自然主义 Aestheticism：唯美主义 Modernism：现代主义Irish Renaiance：爱尔兰文艺复兴Existentialism：存在主义
The Angry Yong Man: 愤怒的青年
作家及作品
早期：Beowulf《贝尔武甫》，the first English epic Plot；feature King Alfred’s Anglo-Saxon Chronicle《盎格鲁-撒克逊编年史》, prose, compiled around 882 AD 中世纪：
Geoffrey Chaucer –“the father of modern English poetry.”
Troilus and Criseyde《特罗伊拉斯和克莱西得》；The Canterbury Tales（1387-1400）《坎特伯雷故事集》
节选：
PROLOGUE “Here begins the Book of the Tales of Canterbury When April with his showers sweet with fruit The drought of March has pierced unto the root And bathed each vein with liquor that has power To generate therein and sire the flower;When Zephyr also has, with his sweet breath, Quickened again, in every holt and heath,The tender shoots and buds, and the young sun Into the Ram one half his course has run,And many little birds make melody
That sleep through all the night with open eye(So Nature pricks them on to ramp and rage)− Then do folk long to go on pilgrimage,And palmers to go seeking out strange strands, To distant shrines well known in sundry lands 当四月的甘霖渗透了三月枯竭的根须，沐灌了丝丝茎络，触动了生机，使枝头涌现出花蕾，当和风吹香，使得山林莽原遍吐着嫩条新芽，青春的太阳已转过半边白羊宫座，② 小鸟唱 起曲调，通宵睁开睡眼，是自然拨弄着它们的心弦：这时，人们渴想着朝拜四方名坛，游僧 们也立愿跋涉异乡。”
诗人在描述了中世纪英国的各种社会关系和阶级关系，反映了当时的世代面貌，揭露了教会和贵族的腐败和虚伪。此外，乔叟首次用伦敦方言进行文学创作，推动了伦敦方言的发展，使它成为英国的民族语言。乔叟首创了英雄双韵体（heroic couplet）。
Sir Thomas Malory(1408-1471)马洛礼, Le Morte D’Arthur,《亚瑟王之死》
文艺复兴（15世纪-16世纪）Elizabethan Age 伊莉莎白时期；Humanism：人文主义 Sir Phillip Sidney（锡德尼），poet
Arcadia 《阿拉迪亚》 Astrophel and Stella 《爱星者与星星》108 sonnets Defense of Poetry 《诗辩》 Edmund Spenser(斯宾赛)，poet The Shepherds’ Calendar《牧羊人日记》The Faerie Queen《仙后》
斯宾塞诗体（Spenserian Stanza）: 一共九行，前八行抑扬格五音步，最后一行抑扬格六音步，韵脚为：ababbcbcc。
University Wits(大学才子)，dramatists
Christopher Marlowe(1564-1593)(马娄)，one of the “University Wits”
Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》The tragically story of Doctor Faustus 《浮士德博士》 The Jew of Malta 《马其他的犹太人》
William Shakespeare(1564-1616)（莎士比亚）
Tragedies: Julius Caesar;Romeo and Juliet;(Hamlet;Othello;King Lear;Macbeth), Antony and Cleopatra Comedies: The Comedy of Errors错中错;The Taming of the Shrew驯悍记;A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;The Merchant of Venice;The Merry Wives of Windsor温莎的风流娘儿们;As you Like it皆大欢喜;Much Ado about Nothing无事生非
A Midsummer Night’s Dream仲夏夜之梦;Tragi-comedies(传奇剧):
Cymbeline《辛白林》（1609）、The Winter’s Tale《冬天的故事》（1610）和The Tempest《暴风雨》（1611）The plots of Hamlet, Merchant of Venice, Othello, Macbeth, Romeo and Juliet, King Lear The character of Othello;the character of Iago;the character of Portia;the character of Hamlet;the character of Macbeth;the character of King Lear, etc.Sonnets: Sonnet1;Sonnet 18;
rhyme: abab, cdcd, efef, gg, qutrains and one couplet Theme: friendship, beauty, love, the power of poetry, marriage, etc.Ben Johnson(本.琼生)Every Man in His Humor人人高兴, The Alchemist炼金术士, the Fox狐狸 John Webster(1580-1632)（韦伯斯特）
White Devil, Duche of Malfi马尔菲公爵夫人 17世纪
Francis Bacon（培根）Eays 《随笔集》Of studies 《谈读书》prose
节选：Studies serve for delight, for ornament, and for ability.Their chief use for delight, is in privatene and retiring;for ornament, is in discourse;and for ability, is in the judgment and disposition of busine.读书足以怡情，足以博采，足以长才。其怡情也，最见于独处幽居之时；其博采也，最见于高谈阔论之中；其长才也，最见于处世判事之际。
Some books are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested;书有可浅尝者，有可吞食者，少数则须咀嚼消化。
Histories make men wise, poets witty, the mathematics subtle, natural philosophy deep, moral grave, logic and rhetoric able to contend读史使人明智，读诗使人聪慧，演算使人精密，哲理使人深刻，伦理学使人有修养，逻辑修辞使人善辩----王佐良 Sir Thomas Browne
Religion of a Doctor《虔诚的医生》prose Thomas Hobbes
Leviathan 《利维坦》prose John Locke 洛克
Eay Concerning Human Understanding《人类理解论》prose two treatises of civil government《政府论》prose
Samuel Pepys塞缪尔·佩皮斯
Diary of Samuel Pepys《佩皮斯日记》prose
Robert Burton罗伯特·波顿Anatomy of Melancholy《忧郁的解剖》prose Izaak Walton艾萨克·沃尔顿The Compleat Angler《垂钓大全》prose Metaphysical Poets（玄派诗人）：John Donne 邓恩The Flea 《跳蚤》
George Herbert 乔治 赫伯特 Andrew Marvell 安德鲁 马维尔Henry Vaughan 亨利 沃恩 John Milton弥尔顿 poetParadise Lost 《失乐园》The character of ―Satan‖;the main plot Paradise Regained 《福乐园》Samson Agonistes 《力士参孙》The contributions of Milton The NeoclaicistsAlexander Pope 蒲柏 Poet The Rape of the Lock 《劫发纪》 Pope’s Homer
Pope’s Shakespeare
The Dunciad 《笨伯记》 Pope’s Eay on Man 《人论》(heroic couplets英雄双韵体)---iambic pentameter, rhyming aabb: ―′Tis not a lip, or eye, we beauty call, But the joint force and full result of all.Good nature and good sense must ever join;To err is human, to forgive divine.‖
His style John Dryden 德莱顿 All for Love《一切为了爱情》 Neoclaicism William Wycherley威廉·威彻利The Plain Dealer《光明磊落者》
William Congreve威廉.康格里夫The Old Bachelor《老光棍》
Daniel Defoe 笛福NeoclaicismRobinson Crusoe 《鲁滨逊漂流记》 The character of Robinson Crusoe Captain Singleton 《辛格尔顿船长》
Moll Flanders《茉尔.弗兰德斯》Colonel Jacque《雅克上校》Roxana 《罗克萨娜》 Contributions to literature
Jonathan Swift 斯威夫特NeoclaicismA Tale of a Tub 《一个木桶的故事》prose The Battle of the Books《书之战》prose
A Modest Proposal《一个小小的建议》prose
Gulliver’s Travels《格列佛游记》 novelThe main plot Style 18世纪
John Gay约翰.盖伊The Beggar’s Opera《乞丐歌剧》playOliver Goldsmith哥尔德斯密斯 The Traveler《旅行者》poem The Deserted Village《荒村》---poem，heroic couplet aa,bb The Vicar of Wakefield《威克菲尔德的牧师》—novel She Stoops to Conquer《委曲求全》----a play Richard Brinsley Sheridan谢里丹The Rivals《情敌》----comedy of manners The School for Scandal《造谣学校》------comedy of manners
Joseph Addison and Richard Steele《旁观者报》（spectator）----prose Style: 语言优雅elegant、洗练lucid、幽默humorous Samuel Johnson 约翰逊A Dictionary of the English Language 《英语词典》 Letter to Lord Chesterfield 《给车斯特菲尔德勋爵的一封信》prose Edwin Gibbon 吉本《罗马帝国兴旺史》prose
Samuel Richardson 理查逊Pamela 《帕美勒---Epistolary novelClaria 《克拉丽莎》novel Henry Fielding 菲尔丁 Novelist
Joseph Andrews 《约瑟夫.安德鲁斯传》
The Life of Mr.Jonathan Wild the Great《大伟人江奈生.魏尔德传》Tome Jones 《汤姆.琼斯》 The character of Tom Jones Amelia 《阿米丽亚》
Smollett 斯摩莱特---novelist Roderick Random 《蓝登传》Peregrine Pickle Humphry Clinker《亨弗利.克林可》Lawrence Sterne 斯特恩----novelist
The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy 《商第传》A Sentimental Journey 《感伤旅行》 Sentimentalism: Thomas Gray Elegy Written in a Country Churchyard（《墓园挽歌》poem
William Cowper poet
19世纪Romanticism浪漫主义Pre-Romanticist Poets：
William Blake
布莱克Songs of Innocence《天真之歌》.Songs of Experience《经验之歌》 Analysis: the symbols of lamb and tiger Robert Burns
Poems, Chiefly in the Scottish Dialect《苏格兰方言诗集》 A Red, Red Rose: sincere love《一朵红红的玫瑰》 Auld Lang Syne: old long since《友谊地久天长》 John Anderson, My Jo: 《约翰·安德生，我的爱人》
“Lake Poets” 湖畔诗人 escapist romanticists William Wordsworth 华兹华斯Romanticism
Lyrical Ballads: 《抒情歌谣集》 A Solitary Reaper《孤独的割麦人》I Wandered Lonely as a Cloud我独自漫游像一朵浮云
My Heart Leaps Up我的心怦然跳动
His style----Samuel Taylor Coleridge柯尔律治Romanticism
The Rime of the Ancient Mariner 《古舟子咏》Christabel 《克里斯特贝尔》
Kubla Khan 《忽必烈汗》
Biographia Literaria, or Sketches of My Literary Life and Opinions 《文学生涯》: prose work Style
Robert Southey骚塞The Inchcape Rock 《印奇开普暗礁》
George Gordon Byron拜伦poet，Romanticism
The Isles of Greece《哀希腊歌》 Childe Harold’s Pilgrimage《小侠哈罗德游记》Don Juan: 《唐璜》 The character of Don Juan Percy Byhe Shelley雪莱poet，Romanticism
Queen Mab:《麦布女王》The Revolt of Islam: 《伊斯兰的起义》
Prometheus Unbound 《解放了的普罗米修斯》The Masque of Anarchy 《暴政的假面具》 Ode to the West Wind: 《西风颂》an expreion of the poet’s eager aspiration for something free from the care and misery of real life.“O Wind, If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?”(冬天来了，秋天还会远吗？)Analysis: the symbol of west wind;the definition of ―ode‖ To a Skylark: 《致云雀》 Style----John Keats 济慈poet，Romanticism Endymion:《恩底弥翁》英雄双韵体的叙事诗。Isabella 《伊莎贝拉》 The Eve of St.Agnes 《圣阿格尼丝前夕》 Lamia拉弥亚Hyperion许珀里翁
Short Poems: Bright Star明亮的星Ode on a Grecian Urn 《希腊古瓮颂》Ode to a Nightingale 《夜莺颂》 Ode to Autumn 《秋颂》Ode on Melancholy 《忧郁颂》 Victorian Age 维多利亚时期（19世纪中后期）
Charles Lamb—兰姆---eayist Romanticism
Eays of Elia 《伊利亚随笔》初编 proseThe Last Eays of Elia《伊利亚随笔续编》prose The style----William Hazlitt 黑兹利特Romanticism
Leigh Hunt 利.亨特Romanticism Thomas De Quincey 德昆西Romanticism
The Confeion of an English Opium-Eater 《一个英国吸食鸦片者的自述》prose On the Knocking at the Gate in Macbeth《论《麦克白》一剧中的敲门声》prose Prostitute Ann，prose Thomas Carlyle 卡莱尔the History of the French Revolution 《法国大革命》prose Ruskin罗斯金The Love of Beauty，prose Matthew Arnold 马修.阿诺德
On Translating Homer 评荷马史诗译本proseEays in Criticism 评论集prose Culture and Anarchy 文化与无政府状态prose Thomas Henry Huxley托马斯.亨利赫.胥黎Evolution and Ethics 《天演论》prose Walter Scott 司各特 novelist，Romanticism
Ivanhoe《艾凡赫》或《撒克逊劫后英雄略》Waverley 《威弗利》 Mary Wollstonecraft Shelly Romanticism Frankenstein《弗兰肯斯坦》novel Realism
Jane Austen奥斯丁，novelist，Realism Sense and Sensibility 《理智与情感》 Main plot Pride and Prejudice 《傲慢与偏见》 Main plot
Mansfield Park 《曼斯菲尔德花园》
Emma 《爱玛》Persuasion 《劝告》Northanger Abbey 《诺桑觉寺》 Style---The Brontë Sisters 勃朗特三姐妹novelist，Realism
Charlotte
Jane Eyre 《简爱》The character of Jane Eyre;main plot Emily
Wuthering Heights 《呼啸山庄》The character of Heathcliff;main plot Anne
Agnes Grey《艾格妮斯格雷》
Elizabeth Cleghorn Gaskell盖斯凯尔夫人novelist，Realism Mary Barton: 《玛丽·巴顿》Cranford: 《克兰福德》North and South《北与南》
George Eliot 乔治.艾略特novelist，Realism Adam Bede《亚当.比德》Silas Marner《织工马南》The Mill on the Flo《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》 Romola《罗慕拉》Daniel Deronda《丹尼尔.狄隆达》Middlemarch《米德尔马契》 Style----Charles Dickens(1812-1870)狄更斯novelist, Realism The Pickwick Papers 《匹克威克外传》Oliver Twist 《雾都孤儿》main plot Nicholas Nickleby 《尼古拉斯尼克贝》The Old Curiosity Shop 《老古玩店》 Barnaby Rudge 《巴纳比拉齐》Martin Chuzzlewit 《马丁瞿述伟》 A Christmas Carol 《圣诞颂歌》Dombey and Son 《董贝父子》
David Copperfield 《大为科波菲尔》main plot Bleak House 《荒凉山庄》
Hard Times 《艰难时世》Little Dorrit 《小杜丽》A Tale of Two Cities 《双城记》main plot Great Expectations 《远大前程》main plot Our Mutual Friends 《我们共同的朋友》 The Mystery of Edwin Droop 《埃德温朱普的秘密》未完成 Analysis: style;characterization;theme William Makepeace Thackeray novelist，Realism Vanity Fair《名利场》(derived from John Bunyan’s Pilgrim’s Progre)The character of Rebecca Sharp
George Meredith梅瑞狄斯novelist，Realism The Egoist 《利己主义者》
Thomas Hardy 哈代 novelist，Realism Far from the Madding Crowd 《远离尘嚣》The Return of the Native《还乡》
The Mayor of Casterbridge 《卡斯特桥市长》main plot Te of the D’Urbervilles 《苔丝》main plot;the character of Te Jude the Obscure 《无名的裘德》 Style and theme
Alfred Tennyson 丁尼生 Poet
The Lady of Shallot 《夏洛特少女》The Prince，《公主》In Memoriam，《纪念》 Idylls of the King,《国王的田园诗》
Style
Robert Browning 勃朗宁 poet My Last Duche 《我的前一位公爵夫人》The Ring and the Book 《指环与书》 Men and Women 《男人和女人》Dramatic Personage 《剧中人物》
Analysis: the style of Browning(晦涩难懂，充满很难懂的意象，背景也常放在意大利；有心理洞察力psychological insight);the definition of dramatic monologue.Elizabeth Barrett Browning 伊莉莎白.勃朗宁poet（勃朗宁夫人）The Cry of the Children《孩子们的哭声》
Pre-Raphaelite Poets 前拉斐尔派诗人poet Dante Gabriel Roetti 罗塞蒂 The Germ萌芽The House of Life生命殿堂
Christina Georgina Roetti克里斯蒂娜.罗塞蒂Goblin Market妖魔集市
Algernon Charles Swinburne 阿尔杰农.查尔斯.斯温伯恩
Atlanta in Calydon《亚特兰大女神之在卡力登》Poems and Ballads 《诗歌与民谣》 Oscar Wilde王尔德 –―aestheticism‖
The Nightingale and the Rose 《夜莺与玫瑰》fairy taleThe Happy Prince 《快乐王子》fairy tale A House of Pomegranates 《石榴屋》fairy tale The Picture of Dorian Gray《道连格雷的画像》novel
Lady Windermere’s Fan《温德米尔夫人的扇子》comedy of manners Woman of No Importance《一个无足轻重的女人》comedy of manners AN Ideal Husband《理想丈夫》comedy of manners Importance of Being Earnest《不可儿戏》comedy of manners Salomé《莎乐美》Symbolic DramaThe Ballad of Reading Gaol《里丁监狱之歌》poem Analysis: style
George Bernard Shaw 萧伯纳dramatist，Realism Widower’s Houses《鳏夫的房产》Mrs.Warren’s Profeion 《华伦夫人的职业》 Man and Superman《人与超人》Major Barbara 《芭芭拉少校》
Pygmalion 《皮格玛利翁》或《卖花女》Heartbreak House 《伤心之家》 Heartbreak House 《伤心之家》Saint Joan《圣女贞德》
Style Irish Dramatic Movement爱尔兰戏剧运动(W.T.Yeats---Irish Renaiance 爱尔兰文艺复兴Realism
Abbey Theatre阿贝剧院
John Synge 辛格
The Well of the Saints 《圣泉》The Playboy of the Western World 《西方世界的花花公子》 Sean O’Casey 'keisi] 肖恩.奥凯西The Shadow of a Gunman 《枪手的影子》 Juno and the Peacock《朱诺与孔雀》The Plough and the Stars《犁和星》 George Giing 吉辛---Naturalism The Private Papers of Henry Ryecroft 《四季随笔》Prose Sir Arthur Conan Doyle 柯南道尔--Detective story Sherlock Holmes 《福尔摩斯》
Robert Louis Stevenson 斯蒂文森 Romanticism
Treasure Island;《金银岛》The Strange Case of Jekyll and Mr.Hyde 《化身博士》 Rudyard Kipling 吉卜林Romanticism If 《如果》poemThe Jungle Book 《丛林之书》book for children Kim《基姆》novel Joseph Conrad 'kɔnræd 康拉德Realism The Nigger of the Narcius 《水仙号的黑家伙》novel Lord Jim 《吉姆老爷》novel Nostromo 《诺斯特罗莫》novel Youth 《青春》novel Victory 《胜利》novel Heart of Darkne《黑暗的心》novel The character of Kurtz;main plot John Galsworthy高尔斯华绥Realism The Forsyte Saga 《福尔赛世家》novel H.G.Wells威尔斯novelist，Realism Time Machine 《时间机器》The Invisible Man 《隐形人》 The History of Mr.Polly《波利先生传》 Arnold Bennett 贝内特novelist，Realism The Old Wives’ Tale 《老妇谭》
20世纪Modernism
Virginia Woolf novelist，伍尔夫Jacob’s Room 《雅各布的房间》
Kew Gardens邱园记事The Mark on the Wall 《墙上的斑点》
Mrs.Dalloway《达罗卫太太》 TO the Lighthouse 《到灯塔去》The Waves 《海浪》 The technique of stream of consciousne;moment of importance;style James Joyce 乔伊斯novelist，Modernism
Dubliners 《都柏林人》A Portrait of the Artist as a Young Man 《一个青年艺术家的画像》 Ulyes 《尤利西斯》Finnegan’s Wake 《芬尼根守灵夜》 The technique of stream of consciousne;epiphany;style
William Butler Yeats 叶芝Poet，Modernism The Lake Isle of Innisfree 《茵湖岛》When You Are Old 《当你老去》
The Wind Among the Reeds《苇间风》The Wild Swans at Coole 《库尔的野天鹅》 The Tower 《塔堡》Sailing to Byzantium《驶向拜占庭》 Style； the symbol of ―winding stair ‖
T.S.Eliot T.S.艾略特Poet，Modernism The Love Song of J.Alfred Prufrock《J 阿尔弗雷德.普鲁弗洛克的情歌》poem The Waste Land 《荒原》poemMurder of Cathedral 《教堂谋杀案》play W.H.Auden 奥登 Poet For the Time Being 《此时此刻》The Age of Anxiety 《忧虑世代》 The Shield of Achilles 《阿喀琉斯的盾牌》
Dylan Marlais Thomas 托马斯Poet，Neo-romanticism Fern Hill 《蕨山》
A Portrait of the Artist as a Yong Dog自传作为一条小狗的艺术家画像
Philip Larkin菲利普·拉金Poet，Realism “Movement”
The Whitsun Weddings《降灵节婚礼》High Windows《高窗》 D.H.Lawrence D.H.劳伦斯novelist，Modernism
Sons and Lovers 《儿子与情人》The Rainbow 《虹》Women in Love 《恋爱中的女人》 Lady Chatterley’s Lovers 《查泰莱夫人的情人》Features and theme;pornography and sex William Somerset Maugham毛姆novelist，Modernism
Of Human Bondage 《人性的枷锁》The Moon and Sixpence 《月亮与六便士》 Katherine Mansfield 凯瑟琳·曼斯菲尔德novelist，The Garden Party 《游园会》 George Orwell奥威尔novelist
Down and Out in Paris and London
nonfiction Burmese Days《缅甸岁月》novel Animal Farm《动物庄园》novel 1984 《1984》novel Why I Write 《我为什么写作》prose Theme
Graham Greene 格雷厄姆.格林novelist，Power and Glory《权利与荣耀》novel Orient Expre《东方列车》novel E.M.Forster 福斯特novelist，A Paage to India《印度之行》novel Evelyn Waugh 伊夫林.沃A Handful of Dust《一抔黄土》novel Aldous Huxley 阿道司.赫胥黎
Brave New World《美丽新世界》或《勇敢的新世界》Anti-Utopian novel Absurd Theater 荒诞剧 Samuel Beckett 贝格特
Waiting for Godot 《等待戈多》 play Harold Pinter 品特
The Birthday Party 《生日聚会》 play Doris Leing 莱辛 novelist 原著选读：
《坎特伯雷故事集》前序 Sonnet 1； sonnet18 《哈姆雷特》《失乐园》《西风颂》《谈读书》《跳蚤》《一个小小的建议》《伦敦的叫卖声》 《墓园挽歌》《浮云漫步》《西风颂》《天真之歌》《一朵红红的玫瑰》《忽必烈汗》 《论《麦克白》一剧中的敲门声》《简爱》《雾都孤儿》《双城记》《我的前一位公爵夫人》 《如果》《茵湖岛》《当你老了》《墙上的斑点》《邱园纪事》《我为什么写作》 诗歌赏析
1.a brief introduction of the author;2.The background of poem 3.Theme of the poem.4.1）lexical level词汇: the choice of words;
2）graphological level书写，stanza诗节，诗体，句子长短，行数，字母大写，标点等。
3)phonological level语音: meter, rhyme, rhetoric devices(如alliteration 头韵，aonance叠韵/元音韵---light---lies, consonance辅音韵—creak—create—croak, onomatopoeia拟声)等
4)semantic level语义: symbols, image, synesthesia(通感—感觉的混合，一个感官感觉作用到另外一个感官感觉上面，比如sweet music)，irony，simile，hyperbole，analogy，euphemism，Palindrome，zeugma等)4.Conclusion---contribution, feature, style
考试要求：
作家相关的名词解释要求写出对应的时代、代表作家及作品。如：
1.Modernism: 现代主义
答案：1)Modernism is an international movement in literature and art, which began in the late 19 century and flourished until the 1950s.2)Modernism takes the irrational philosophy and the theory of psycho-analysis as its theoretical basis.3)The modernist writers concentrate more on the private and subjective than on the public and objective, mainly concerned with the inner of a person.4)James Joyce, T.S.Eliot and Virginia Woolf are prominent modernist writers.2.Dramatic Monologue：戏剧独白
答案：1)Dramatic monologue refers to the occurrence of a single speaker saying something to a silent audience.2)Robert Browning’s My Last Duche is a typical example in which the duke, speaking to a non-responding audience, reveals not only the reasons for his disapproval of the behavior of his former duche, but some cruelty and tyranny of his own personality.th
