英语名词介绍_英语名词大全
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1.名词
名词按意义分可以分为专有名词和普通名词，专有名词是某个（些）人，地方，机构等专有的名称，如Beijing，China等。普通名词是一类人或东西或是一个抽象概念的名词，如：book，sadne等。普通名词又可分为下面四类：
1)个体名词：表示某类人或东西中的个体，如：gun。
2）集体名词：表示一群人或一些事物的名称，如：family。
3）物质名词：表示物质或不具备确定形状和大小的个体的物质，如：air。
4）抽象名词：表示人或事物的行为、状态、品质、情感或其他抽象概念的名称，如：work。
个体名词和集体名词可以用数目来计算，称为可数名词，物质名词和抽象名词一般无法用数目计算，称为不可数名词。可数名词的复数
1.1 名词复数的规则变化
一般情况 加-s 清辅音后读/s/ map-maps 浊辅音和元音后读 /z/ bag-bags /car-cars
以s, sh, ch, x等结尾 加-es 读 /iz/ bus-buses/ watch-watches 以辅音字母+y结尾 变y 为i再加es 读 /z/ baby---babies 1.2 其它名词复数的规则变化
1)以y结尾的专有名词，或元音字母+y 结尾的名词变复数时，直接加s变复数：
如： two Marys
the Henrys
monkey---monkeys holiday---holidays
比较： 层楼：storey---storeys
story---stories
2)以o 结尾的名词，变复数时：
a.有生命的名词加-es，如：tomato---tomatoes，potato---potatoes b.无生命的名词加-s，如： photo---photos c.结尾是两个元音字母的名词加-s，如：zoo---zoos，radio---radios d.zero变复数时，既可以加-s，也可以加-es 3)以f或fe 结尾的名词变复数时：
去f,fe 加ves，如：half---halves
knife---knives leaf---leaves wolf---wolves
wife---wives life---lives thief---thieves； 1.3 名词复数的不规则变化
1）child---children foot---feet tooth---teeth
mouse---mice
man---men
woman---women
注意：与 man 和 woman构成的合成词，其复数形式也是-men 和-women。
如： an Englishman，two Englishmen.但German不是合成词，故复数形式为Germans；
2）单复同形 如：
deer，sheep，fish，Chinese，Japanese
li，yuan，two li，但除人民币元、角、分外，美元、英镑、法郎等都有复数形式。如:a dollar, two dollars;
a pound，three pounds 3）集体名词，以单数形式出现，但实为复数。
如： people police cattle 等本身就是复数，不能说 a people，a police，a cattle，但可以说a person，a policeman，a head of cattle, the English，the British，the French，the Chinese，the Japanese，the Swi 等名词，表示国民总称时，作复数用。
如： The Chinese are industries and brave.中国人民是勤劳勇敢的。
4）以s结尾，仍为单数的名词，如：
a.maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。
b.news 是不可数名词。
c.以复数形式出现的书名，剧名，报纸，杂志名，也可视为单数。
“The Arabian Nights” is a very interesting story-book.>是一本非常有趣的故事书。
5)表示由两部分构成的东西，如：glaes(眼镜)trousers, clothes
若表达具体数目，要借助数量词 pair(对，双);suit(套);a pair of glaes;two pairs of trousers 1.4 不可数名词量的表示
物质名词和抽象名词可以借助单位词表一定的数量。
如：
a gla of water 一杯水
a piece of advice 一条建议
1.5 不同国家的人的单复数
名称
总称(谓语用复数）
一个人
两个人
中国人
the Chinese
a Chinese
two Chinese 瑞士人
the Swi
a Swi
two Swi 澳大利亚人the Australians
an Australian
two Australians
俄国人
the Ruians
a Ruian
two Ruians 意大利人 the Italians
an Italian two Italians 希腊人
the Greek
a Greek
two Greeks 法国人
the French
a Frenchman
two Frenchmen 日本人
the Japanese
a Japanese
two Japanese 美国人
the Americans
an American
two Americans
印度人
the Indians
an Indian
two Indians 加拿大人 the Canadians
a Canadian
two Canadians 德国人
the Germans
a Germans
two Germans 英国人
the English
an Englishman
two Englishmen 瑞典人
the Swedish
a Swede
two Swedes
1.6 名词的句子功能
名词在句子中可作主语、宾语、表语、宾语补足语、介词宾语、名词短语作状语、定语等。
I washed my clothes yesterday.This is a book.He is a Party member.The bag is in the desk.例题解析：举一反三，学的更轻松！
1.They got much _____ from those new books.A.ideas
B.photos
C.news
D.stories
解析: much 是用来修饰不可数名词的, A B D三个选项均是可是名词的复数形式, C项为不可数名词, 因此选C.2.I have two _______ and three bottles of _________ here.A.orange, orange
B.oranges, oranges
C.oranges, orange
D.orange, oranges 解析: orange 有两种含义, 一种可数名词橘子, 另一种是不可数名词橘汁, 此题第一空应填可数名词, 第二空填不可数名词, 因此选 C。
3.Every evening M r.King takes a _________ to his home.A.25 minutes’ walk
B.25 minute’s walk
C.25 minute walk
D.25 minutes walk 解析: 句中的 minute应该用其复数的所有格形式,只+’,而不能+s,因此选A。4.An old _______ wants to see you.A.people
B.person
C.the people
D.the person
解析: person 与people 都有”人” 的意思, 但用法不同.“一个人”用 “a person”, “两个人” 用 “two persons”;people 泛指 “人们”是集合名词,表示复数, the people 指 “人民”, a people 指 “一个民族”.应选B。5.Help yourself to __________.A.chickens and apples
B.chickens and apple
C.chicken and apple
D.chicken and apples 解析: chicken 可用作可数名词指小鸡,用作不可数名词指鸡肉,根据词题意应理解为鸡肉;apple为可数名词, 故应+s, 因此选D。6.Oh, dear.I forgot the two _________.A.room’s number
B.rooms’ number
C.room numbers
D.rooms’ numbers 解析: room number 房间号码.room可直接用作定语修饰后面的名词.类似的还有my phsics teacher, two bus drivers 等.应选C。
7.She has been in Tianjin for ten years.Tianjin has become her second _________.A.family
B.house
C.home
D.room
解析: family指的是家庭或是家庭成员;house指的是房子(住所);room 指的是房间;而home 指的是家, 因此选C.8.________ mothers couldn’t go to the meeting, because they have gone to Shanghai.A.Mary and Peter’s
B.Mary and Peter
C.Mary’s and Peter
D.Mary’s and Peter’s
解析: 此句中 “mothers”是复数,表示两个人各自的母亲,因此应选D。9.Li Lei has been to __________ many times this month.A.her uncle
B.her uncle’s
C.her uncles
D.aunt’s
解析: 此句意为 “李雷这个去她舅舅家多次”.表示具体场所时, 可省去所有格后面的名词.因此选B。
10.He is a succe as a leader but he hasn’t ________ in teaching.A.many experiences
B.much experience
C.an experience
D.a lot experience 解析: experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词, 作 “经历”讲时是可数名词.本句中应理解为 “经验”,因此是不可数名词,排除 A C.又因 a lot of , lots of, plenty of 只用于肯定句, 不用于否定句, 因此选B。
11.A clamate of _________ was here ten minutes ago.A.you
B.your
C.your sister
D.your sister’s 解析: 此题考查名词的双重所有格.应选D。
12.A group of _________ are talking with two ___________.A.Frenchmen, Germans
B.Germans ,Frenchmans
C.Frenchmans , Germen
D.Germen , Frenchmen
解析: Frenchman 是复合词,其复数形式为 Frenchmen;German 的复数为直接在单词末尾+S, 应选A.13.The team ________ having a meeting.A.is
B.are
C.am
D.be 解析: team 是一个集合名词,即可表示复数意义(指整个小组), 也可指小组中的成员(表示复数), 此题意为后者, 因此选B。
14.“Would you like _________?”
“________, please.”
A.drink, Three coffees
B.a cup of drink, Coffees C.a drink, A coffee
D.a drink, Three cups of coffees 解析: drink 和coffee是不可数名词, 可以用„of来表示数量, eg, three cups of coffee, 当前面加a 时,则表示 “一杯”．因此选C。
15.The Great Wall was made not only by _______, but also the flesh and blood of ________ men.A.earth and stone, millions of
B.earths and stones, millions
C.the earth and stone, million of
D.the earths and stones, millions 解析：earth 是不可数名词，因此删除B D,数以百万的应为millions of.因此选A。
练习与巩固：熟能生巧，取得好成绩！
选择最佳答案：
1． Last night, there was a food accident.The _______ were ill, but no _______ were lost.A.child, lives
B.children, life
C.children, lives
D.child, life 2.---This is a photo of _________ when they were young.---OK, how happy they both looked!
A.my father and mother
B.my mother and father's
C.my mother's and father's
D.my father's and my mother 3.The new student is in __________ , Grade Two.A.Cla Third
B.Third Cla
C.Cla Three
D.Three cla 4.Today is September 10th.It's __________ Day.Let's go and buy some flowers for our teachers.A.Teachers
B.Teachers'
C.the Teachers'
D.Teacher's 5.The market isn't far from here.It's only _________ bicycle ride.A.half an hours'
B.half an hour's
C.half an hour
D.an hour and a half 6.---What would you like to drink, girls?
---_________, please.A.Two cup of coffee
B.Two cups of coffe
C.Two cups of coffee
D.Two cups of coffees 7.During Christmas, people get together and sing Christmas songs for _________.A.fun
B.wishes
C.interest
D.thanks 8.Some _________ are flying kites near the river.A.child
B.boy
C.boys
D.childs 9.After the exam, we'll have________ holiday.A.two weeks
B.two-weeks
C.two weeks'
D.two week's 10.They are those _________ bags.Please put them on the bus.A.visitor
B.visitors
C.visitor's
D.visitors' 11.---How many workers are there in your factory?
---There are two ___________.A.hundreds B.hundred
C.hundred of
D.hundreds of 12.---What do you think of the _______ the Moonlight Sonata by Beethoven?
---It sounds really wonderful.A.subject
B.music
C.book
D.animal 13.There is not enough _________ in the corner for the fridge.A.place
B.room
C.field
D.ground 14._________ comes from sheep and some people like eating it A.Wool
B.Pork
C.Mutton
D.Milk 15.If you don't take more ________, you'll get fat.A.medicine
B.leons
C.photos
D.exercise 16.My school is about twenty ________ walk from here.A.minute
B.minutes'
C.minutes's
D.minutes 17.Mum, I have _______ to tell you!
A.a good news
B.some good news
C.some good newes
D.much good news 18.Which is the ________ to the post office?
A.street
B.way
C.road
D.addre 19.I stayed at ________ last Sunday.A.my uncles
B.my uncles'
C.my uncle's
D.my uncle's family 20.Maths ________ not easy to learn.A.are
B.is
C.am
D.were
1-5 CBCBB
6-10 CACCD
11-15 ABBCD
16-20 BBBCB
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