职称英语理工类B级完形填空及翻译整理_职称英语理工类b真题

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第六篇 Car Thieves could Be Stopped Remotely

Speeding off in a stolen car, the thief thinks he has got a great catch.But he is in a nasty surprise.The car is fitted with a remote immobilizer and a radio signal from a control center miles away will ensure that once the thief switches the engine off , he will not be able to start it again.For now, such devicesare only available for fleets of trucks and specialist vehicles used on construction sites.But remote immobilization technology could soon start to trickle down to ordinary cars, andshould be available to ordinary cars in the UKin two months.The idea goes like this.A control box fitted to the carincorporates a miniature cellphone, a microproceor and memory, and a GPS satellite positioning receiver.If the car is stolen, a coded cellphone signal will tell the unit to block the vehicle’s engine management system and prevent the enginebeing restarted.There are even plans for immobilizersthat shut down vehicles on the move, though there are fears over the safety implications of such a system.In the UK.an array of technical fixes is already making life harder for car thieves.―The pattern of vehicles crime has changed,‖ says Martyn Randall of Thatcham, a security research organization based in Berkshire that is funded in partby the motor insurance industry.He says it would only take him a few minutes toteach a novice how to steal a car, using a bare minimum of tools.But only if the car is more than 10 years old.Modern cars are a far tougher proposition, as their engine management computer will notallow them to start unle they receive a unique ID code beamed out by the ignition key.In the UK, technologies like thishave helped achieve a 31 per cent drop in vehicle-related crime since 1997.But determined criminals are still managing to find other ways to steal cars.Often by getting hold of the owner’s keys in a burglary.In 2000, 12 per cent of vehicles stolen in the UK were taken using the owner’s keys double the previous year’s figure.Remote-controlled immobilization system wouldput a major new obstacle in the criminal’s way by making such thefts pointle.A group that includes Thatcham, the police, insurance companies and security technology firms have developed standards for a system that could goon the market sooner than thecustomer expects.远程制止偷车贼

超速驾驶在偷来的汽车里，偷车贼以为自己大获全胜。但是他马上就会又惊又恼。车上已经被装了远程制动装置，一个几英里以外的控制中心发来的无线信号将确保盗贼一旦启动引擎，他就不能再次发动汽车了。

目前，这种装置只用于卡车队或者用于建筑工地的特殊车辆上。但是远程制动技术很快就会逐步应用到普通汽车上。并且应该在两个月之内用在英国的普通汽车上。

计划是这样的。把一个集合有微型无绳电话，微量处理器，存储器以及全球定位系统的卫星接收器的控制合子安装在汽车上。如果汽车被盗，一个被编码的无绳电话信号就会告诉这个装置停止车辆引擎控制系统来阻止引擎再次被启动。甚至还有一些人主张计划将制动装置装在运行着的车辆上，可是这一来人们就会担心这个系统的安全性。

在英国，一系列的技术装置已经让盗车贼步履维艰了。玛丁兰多来自位于贝克郡的一个由汽车保险工业投资成立的名为撒策姆的安全研究机构。他说：“车辆盗窃的手法已经有所改变。”他还声称只要是10年以上的汽车，他就能用几样的简单的工具有几分钟之内教会一个新手怎样的偷车。

现代车却远没有这么简单，因为它们的引擎管理计算机装置只有接收到一个独一无二的由点火钥匙发送过来的身份密份才可以启动汽车。自1997年以来，在英国，技术人员已经利用此项技术帮助减少了31%的涉及车辆犯罪案。

但是不死心的盗贼们却还在一直想方设法偷车。例如很多时候，他们在夜里盗走主人的汽车钥匙进而偷车。在2000年，英国21%的车辆被盗案是由于主人的钥匙被盗，这个数字比前一年增长了1倍。

远程控制的制动系统给盗贼设置了一个全新的障碍。包括撒策姆，公安部门，保险公司以及安全技术公司的这样一个群体已经为体系开发出了一个标准，将比顾客所预期的更早地被很快推广到市场上。

第七篇 An intelligent car

Driving needs sharp eyes, keen ears, quick brain, and coordination between hands and the brain.Many human drivers have all these and can control a fast-moving car.But how does an intelligent car control itself?

There is a virtual driver in the smart car.This virtual driver has “eyes”“brains”，“hands” and “feet”，too.The mini-camerason each side of the car are his “eyes”, which observe the road and conditions ahead of it.They watch thetraffic to the car’s left and right.There is also a highlyautomatic driving system in the car.It is the built-in computer, which is the virtual driver’s “brain”。His “brain” calculates the speeds ofother moving cars near it and analyzes their positions.Basing on this information, it chooses the rightpath for the intelligent cars, and givesinstructions to the “hands”and “feets”to act accordingly.In this way, the virtual driver controls his car.What is the virtual driver’s best advantage? He reactsquickly.The mini-cameras aresending images continuously to the “brain”.It completes the proceing of the images within 100 milliseconds.However, the world’s best drier at least needs one second to react.Besides, when he takes action, he needs one more second.The virtual driver is really wonderful.He can reduce the accidentrate considerably on expreway.In this case.Can we let him have the wheel at any time and in any place? Expertswarn that we cannot do that just yet.His ability to recognize things is stilllimited.He can now only drive an intelligent car on expreways.智能汽车

开车需要目光锐利，耳朵灵敏，反应敏捷和手脑间的协作。许多人类司机这些条件都具备，并可控制一辆急速行驶的汽车。但一辆智能车如何进行自控?

智能车中有一位虚拟驾驶员。这位司机同样有“眼”有“脑”有“手”有“脚”。车两侧的微型摄像头就是他的眼，负责观察车前方的路况。他们注意着车两侧的交通情况。车中也有高度自动化的驾驶系统。这就是内置的电脑，也就是虚拟司机的大脑。这个大脑计算出车近旁正在运动车辆的速度，并分析它们的位置。基于这些信息，它为智能车选择最佳路径，并给出指示以让手脚做出相应运动。通过这样的方式，虚拟司机就对车辆实行了控制。

虚拟司机的最大优点是什么?他的反应速度很快。微型摄像头不断向大脑发送图像数据。他完成图像处理的时间为100毫秒。然而，世界上最优秀的人类司机也至少需要1 秒钟的反应时间。当他作出行动时，又多需一秒。

虚拟司机的确很棒。在高速公路上，他可大大减少事故发生率。鉴于此，我们是否可以让他在任何时间任何地点都驾驶汽车呢?专家们警告说我们现在还不能这样做。智能车辨别事物的能力还很有限。目前，这种车只能在高速公路上行驶。

第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures 印度为什么需要濒临灭亡的秃鹰

The vultures in question1may look ugly and threatening, but the sudden sharp 人们谈论的秃鹰可能看起来既丑又危险，但是印度三种秃鹰濒临灭亡对我们declinein three species of India's vultures is producing alarm rather thancelebration, 是一种警告，而不是一件值得庆贺的事。它向世人明示了一个新的环境问题。秃and it presents the world with a new kind of environmental problem.The dramatic 鹰数量的急剧减少不仅是这些鸟类的灾难，对当地居民同样也是如此，它同时给Decline in vulture numbers is causing widespreaddisruption to people living in the 整个印度次大陆带来了公共卫生问题。same areas as thebirds.It is also causingserious public health problems acro虽然秃鹰的名声不好，许多印度人也讨厌其长相，但是长久以来，秃鹰在维the Indian sub-continent3.While their reputation and appearance may be unpleasant to many Indians, vultures have longplayed a very important role in keeping towns and villages all over India clean.It isbecausethey feed on dead cows.In India, cows are sacred animals and are traditionallyleft in the open6 when they die in their thousands upon thousands5 every year.The disappearance of the vultures hasled toan explosion in the numbers of wild dogs feeding on the remains of these dead animals.There are fears that rabies may _ 9 increaseas a result.And this terrifying disease may ultimately affect humans in the region, since wild dogs are its main carriers.Rabies could also spread to other animal species, causing an even greater problem in the10 future.The need for action is11 urgent, so an emergency project has been launched to12 finda solution to this serious vulture problem.Scientists are trying to identify the disease causing the birds’ deaths and, if poible, develop a cure.Large-scale vulture13deathswere first noticed at the end of the 1980s in India.A

population survey at that time showed that the three species of vultures had declined14 byover 90 per cent.All three species are now listed as “critically endangered”8.As most vultures lay only single eggs and15 takeabout five years to reach

maturity, reversing their population decline will be a long and difficult exercise.护全印度的城镇和乡村的清洁方面扮演了非常重要的角色。因为秃鹰是以死牛为

生。在印度，每年都南成千上万的牛死去，而牛是神圣的动物，死后露尸户外，任其腐烂。秃鹰的消失使得以牛尸为生的野狗数量暴增，因此，人们担心罹患狂犬病的病人会增加。由于野狗是狂犬病的主要携带者，这种可怕的疾病最终会影响当地的居民。狂犬病也可能传播到其他生物，未来会导致更大的问题。

采取行动刻不容缓。所以，一个危机处理项目已经启动，目的是找到解决秃鹰问题的方法。科学家们正试图确认导致秃鹰死亡的疾病，如果可能的话，找到治愈该病的方法。在印度，人们注意到秃鹰的大批死亡最早是在20世纪80年代。根据当时的物种调查显示，三种秃鹰的数量减少了90%以上。目前，这三种秃鹰都被列为“极

度濒危动物”。由于大部分秃鹰每次只产一只蛋，幼鹰需要大约5年的时间才能成熟，因此，若想遏制住秃鹰数量的下降将会是一项长期的、艰巨的任务。

第九篇Wonder Webs Spider webs are more than homes, and they are ingenious traps.And the world’s best web spinner may be the Golden Orb Weaver spider.The female Orb Weaver spins a web of fibers thin enough to be invisible to insect prey, yet tough enough to snare a flying bird without breaking.The secret of the web’s strength?A type of super-resilient silk called dragline.When the female spider is ready to weave the web’s spokes and frame, she uses her legs to draw the airy thread out through a hollow nozzle in her belly.Dragline is not sticky, so the spider can race back and forth along it to spin the web’s trademark spiral.恒星英语论坛 Unlike some spiders that weave a new web every day, a Golden Orb Weaver reuses her handiwork until it falls apart, sometimes not for two years.The silky thread is five times stronger than steel by weight and absorbs the force of an impact three times better than Kevlar, a high-strength human-made material used in bullet-proof vests.And thanks to its high tensile strength, or the ability to resist breaking under the pulling force called tension, a single strand can stretch up to 40 percent longer than its original length and snap back as well as new.No human-made fiber even comes close.It is no wonder manufacturers are clamoring for spider silk.In the consumer pipeline: High-performance fabrics for athletes and stockings that never run.Think parachute cords and suspension bridge cables.A steady supply of spider silk would be worth billions of dollars – but how to produce it? Harvesting silk on spider farms does not work because the territorial arthropods have a tendency to devour their neighbors.Now, scientists at the biotechnology company Nexia are spinning artificial silk modeled after Golden Orb dragline.The first step: extract silk-making genes from the spiders.Next, implant the genes into goat egg cells.The nanny goats that grow from the eggs secrete dragline silk proteins in their milk.―The young goats pa on the silk-making gene without any help from us,‖ says Nexia president Jeffrey Turner.Nexia is still perfecting the spinning proce, but they hope artificial spider silk will soon be snagging customers asfast as the real thing snags bugs.奇妙的网

蜘蛛网对蜘蛛来说不仅仅是家，它们还是奇妙的引虫入网的陷阱。世界最棒的织网者可能是Goldern Orb Weaver的蜘蛛。雌性的Orb Weaver可以织出很细的丝，连被捕的昆虫都看不见。但却是坚韧得可以将一只飞入网中的鸟缠住而不弄断。

那么蜘蛛网为何有如此强的力度呢？有一种网丝有超强的弹力，叫做蜘蛛的避敌丝。当雌性的蜘蛛准备编织蛛网的幅条和框架时，它就用腿从一个空的喷嘴里勾出轻飘飘的丝线，放到肚子里面。避敌丝不粘，因此蜘蛛可以沿着它来回活动编织，从而来编织网的标志性螺旋。与某些种类的蜘蛛不同，它不用每天织新网，只要网不破，就能一直用下去，有时一用就两年。柔软如丝的蛛丝的强度比相同重量的钢丝大五倍。同时可以承受的力度比一种高强度的防弹衣的人工材料大三倍多。同时由于它有很强的张力，或者说一种能够抵住被弄断的往下的拉力。一根单线可以伸长至比原始长度长40%以上，然后重新弹回至原来的长度，还像新的一样。没有一种人造纤维可以与它相媲美。因此，生产者们强烈要求蛛丝也就不足为奇了。在消费这一方面，人们强烈要求的是高质量的运动服和永不脱丝的长袜。试想一下另外如降落伞绳索和吊桥

上的绳索。如果有稳定的蛛丝的供应，它将是一个价值上亿的产业，但问题是怎么样才能生产出稳定的蛛丝呢？试图以养蛛场收获蛛丝是行不通的，因为生长在那块地方的节肢动物有可能会吞掉它们的这些“邻居”。现在，生物工艺公司“Nexifa”的科学家们正在研制一种仿制Goldorn Orb避敌丝的人工丝。第一步骤：从蜘蛛身上抽取制丝的基因，然后，将这些基因植入

山羊的卵细胞中。由这些卵细胞发育生的雌山羊会在羊奶中分泌一种带丝的蛋白质。“Nexia”公司总裁吉弗利·特纳说：“这些幼山羊不须任何我们的帮助就可以将制丝基因遗传过去。”“Nexia”继续在完善它的制丝过程。但是他们希望这种人造蜘蛛丝能尽快地吸引住顾客，就像真正的蛛丝抓住昆虫一样。

第十篇 Chicken Soup for the Soul：Comfort Food Fights LonelineMashed potatoes, macaroni and cheese, may be bad for your arteriesbutaccording toa study in Psychological Science, they’re good for your heart and emotions．The study focuses on “comfort food” and how it makes people feel．

“For me personally ,food has always played a big role in my family,‖ says Jordan Troisi, agraduate student at the University of Buffalo, and lead author on the study．The study came out of the research program of his co—author Shira Gabriel．It haslooked at non-human things that may affect human emotions．Some people reduce loneline by bonding with theirfavorite TV show, building virtual relationships with a pop song singer or looking at pictures of loved ones．Troisi and Gabriel wondered if comfort food could have the same effectby making people think of their nearest and dearest.In one experiment, in order to make participants feel lonely, the researchers had them writefor six minutes about a fight with someone close to them．Others were given an emotionally neutral writing aignment.Then, some people in each group wrote about the experience of eating a comfort food and others wrote about eating a new food．Finally ,the researchers had participants complete questions about their levels of loneline．

Writing about a fight with a close person made people feel lonely．But people who weregenerally secure in their relationships would feel le lonely by writing about a comfort food．”We have found that comfort foods are consistently aociated with those close to us．“says Troisi．”Thinking about or consuming these foods later then serves as a reminder of those close others．“Intheir eays on comfort food, many people wrote about theexperience of eating food with family and friends.In another experiment,eating chicken soup in the lab made people think more aboutrelationships, but only if they considered chicken soup to be a comfort food．This was a question they had been asked long before the experiment, along with many other questions, so they wouldn’t remember it.Throughout everyone’s daily lives they experience stre, often aociated with our connections with others,” Troisi says．"Comfort food Can be an easy remedy for loneline．第十篇心灵鸡汤：爽心食品排解孤独感

土豆泥，通心粉和奶酪可能对动脉血管有害，但是，据《心理科学》一项研究表明，它们对心脏有利并且能抑制不利情绪。其研究对象是爽心食品，目的是探究人们对爽心食品的感觉。

“就我而言，食品在我的家庭一直是比较关注的问题”，JordanTroisi如是说。他是布法罗大学的研究生并且是本次研究的首席作者。该研究出自于他与ShiraGabriel合作的一个研究项目。它关注的是可能影响人类情感的物质的东西。有些人用诸如绑定喜爱的电视节目，和流行音乐歌手建立虚拟的关系或浏览亲人的照片来排遣孤独。Troisi和Gabriel想知道爽心食品是否能通过使人们想到他们最亲近和最爱的人，同样达到排遣孤独的效果。

在一个实验中，为使参与者感觉孤独，研究者让他们用六分钟的时间描写一次与最亲近的人吵架的经历。而要求另外一些人写一个情感中性的作业。然后，每一组的一些人描写食用爽心食品的经历；而其他的人描写食用新食品的经历。最后，研究者让参与者书面回答关于孤独程度的问题。

描写与亲人吵架的经历使人感到孤独。但是，一般来说，人们的关系若处于稳定状态，通过描写他们吃爽心食品的经历会排遣一些孤独感。Troisi说道：“我们已经得出这样的结论：爽心食品与我们的亲人密切相连，想一想或之后真正食用这种食品会提醒人们注意到他们的亲人。”在所有关于爽心食品的文章中，许多人都描述了与家人和朋友共同进餐的经历。

在另外一个实验中，在实验喝鸡汤令人想到和其他人的关系，但是，这只有在他们把鸡汤认为是爽心食品的时候才会发生。参与者被要求回答这个问题和许多其他问题是在这个实验很久以前，因此他们不会记得。

“在每一个人的日常生活中，都会经历紧张，而这往往与人际关系有关，爽心食品可能是排遣孤独的便利食品”。Troisi如是说。