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Great Souls

Nelson Mandela

Mandela, the South African black political leader and former president, was awarded 1993 Nobel Peace Prize for his efforts to antiracism反种族歧视 and antiapartheid反种族隔离.Nelson Mandela is one of the great moral and political leaders of our time: an international hero whose lifelong dedication to the fight against racial oppreion in South Africa won him the Nobel Peace Prize and the presidency of his country.Sincehistriumphantreleasein1990frommorethanaquarter-centuryof imprisonment, Mandelahasbeenatthecentreofthe mostcompellingandinspiringpolitical dramainthe world.As president ofthe African NationalCongreandheadofSouth Africa's antiapartheidmovement,hewasinstrumentalinmovingthenationtowardmultiracial government and majority rule.He is revered everywhere as a vital force in the fight for human rights and racial equality.(138)

Gandhi

Mahatma Gandhi wasthe pre-eminentpoliticalandspiritualleaderofIndiaduringtheIndian independence movement.He wasthepioneeroftheresistancetotyrannythrough macivil disobedience, firmly founded upon total non-violence—which led1

India to independence and has inspired movements for civil rights and freedom acro the world.He is officially honored in India as the Father of the Nation.After aumingleadership of theIndian National Congrein 1921, Gandhiled nationwidecampaignsto ease poverty, expand women'srights, buildreligious and ethnicamity,andincreaseeconomicself-reliance.Above all, he aimed to achieve the independence of India from foreign domination.Later he campaigned against the British to Quit India.Gandhi spent a number of years in jail in both South Africa and India.(128)

Additionally, Gandhi influenced important leaders and political movements.Leaders ofthe civil rights movementinthe UnitedStates,including MartinLutherKingandJamesLawson,drew fromthewritingsofGandhiinthedevelopmentoftheirowntheoriesaboutnon-violence.Anti-apartheid activist and former President of South Africa, Nelson Mandela, was inspired by Gandhi.PriortobecomingPresidentofthe UnitedStates,then-SenatorBarack Obamanoted that: Throughout my life, I have always looked to Mahatma Gandhi as an inspiration, because he embodiesthekindoftransformationalchangethatcanbe made whenordinary peoplecome together to do extraordinary things.That is why his portrait hangs in my Senate office: to remind me that real

results will come not just from Washington – they will come from the people.(129)

Martin Luther King

Martin Luther King, Jr.wasanAmericanclergyman,activistandprominentleaderinthe African-American civil right movement.His main legacy was to secure progre on civil rights in the United States and he is frequently referenced as a human rights icon today.King led the 1955 Montgomery Bus Boycott and helped found the Southern Christian Leadership Conference in 1957, serving as its first president.King’s effortsledtothe1963Marchon Washington,whereKingdeliveredhis“IHaveaDream”speech.There, he raised public consciousne of the civil rights movement and established himself as one of the greatest orators in U.S.history.By the time of his death in 1968, he had refocused his efforts on ending poverty and opposing the Vietnam War, both from a religious perspective.In 1964, King became the youngest person to receive the Nobel Peace Prize for his work to end racialsegregationandracialdiscriminationthroughcivildisobedienceandothernon-violent means.HewasposthumouslyawardedthePresidentialMedalofFreedomin1977and Congreional

Gold Medal in 2004;Martin Luther King, Jr.Day was established as a U.S.national holiday in 1986.(192)

Mother Teresa

MotherTeresa wasan AlbanianRomanCatholicnun withIndiancitizenship whofoundedthe Miionaries of Charityin Calcutta,Indiain 1950.For over 45 years she ministered to the poor, sick, orphaned, and dying, while guiding the Miionaries of Charity‘s expansion.Mother Teresa's Miionaries of Charity continued to expand, and at the time of her death it was operating 610 miions in 123 countries, including hospices and homes for people with HIV/AIDS, leprosy and tuberculosis, children's and family counseling programs, and schools.By the 1970s she was internationally famed as a humanitarian and advocated for the poor and helple.She won the Nobel Peace Prize in 1979 and India’s highest civilian honor, the Bharat Ratna in 1980 for her humanitarian work.(122)

Susan B.Anthony

Although I am not a feminist, I admire Susan B.Anthony for her daring to hold on to her view even being mocked cruelly by her contemporaries.A tirele civil rights worker , Anthony devoted herlifetothe

work whichhasguaranteedwomen’sbasicright,includingsuffrageandequal protectionsunderlaw.She believed that men and women are created equal and persevered unremittingly in opening doors and expanding acceptable modes of behavior for women.In the patriarchy society of her time, people considered her unladylike and ridiculous.However , 19th AmendmenttotheConstitutiongiveswomen’srightstovote,whichestablishedSusanB.Anthony as a bold revolutionary feminist in history.(111)

Margaret Sanger

Margaret Sanger sparked the birth control movement with the publication of The Woman Rebel, in whichsheencourages womentoviewconceptionasachoiceratherthananobligation.In 1923, her tirele efforts resulted in the establishment of America's first legal birth control clinic, whichservedasacontraceptivedispensaryandresearchfacilityundertheauspicesofthe AmericanBirthControlLeague(oneofthegroupsthateventuallymorphedintoPlanned Parenthood).The birth control movement has had far-reaching, worldwide implications, from women's rights to population control to the sexual revolution.(92)