定语从句讲解及练习_定语从句讲解及练习题

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定语从句讲解及练习

一、定义：在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。如：1)The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2)You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词，叫先行词，定语从句放在先行词的后面。* 引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格whom, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why * 关系词常有三个作用：

1、引导定语从句

2、代替先行词

3、在定语从句中担当一个成分

二、关系代词引导的定语从句 * 1.who指人，在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Cla One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.* 2.whom指人，在定语从句中充当宾语，常可省略。(1)Mr.Liu is the person(whom)you talked about.注意：关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替，可省略。(2)The man(who/whom)you met just now is my friend.* 3.which指物，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略(1)Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(which 在句子中做主语)(2)This is the pen(which)he bought yesterday.(which 在句子中做宾语)* 4.that指人时，相当于who或者whom；指物时，相当于which，在定语从句中做主语或者宾语，做宾语时可省略。(1)The people that/who come to visit the city are all here.(在句子中做主语)(2)Where is the man（that/whom）I saw this morning?(在句子中做宾语)* 5.whose通常指人，也可指物，在定语从句中做定语(1)He has a friend whose father is a doctor.(2)I lived in a house whose roof has fallen in.whose指物时，常用以下结构来代替(3)The claroom whose door is broken will soon be repaired.=The claroom the door of which is broken will soon be repaired.(4)Do you like the book whose color is yellow? =Do you like the book the color of which is yellow? * 具体使用时还要注意下列问题：

1、只能使用that,不用which 的情况：

* 1）当先行词是：all , any , anything , everything , nothing或被它们修饰

时。Is there anything that I can do for you ? 有什么可以为你做的吗？

All that can be done must be done.凡是能做的都必须做。* 2）当先行词被形容词的最高级或序数词修饰时。例如： That is one of the most interesting books that are sold in the bookshop.那是这家书店出售的最有趣的书之一。

The first thing that we should do is to get some food.我们该做的第一件事是弄点吃的。

* 3）当先行词有：the only , the very , the same , the last 等修饰时。例如： My necklace is not the only thing that's miing.我的项链不仅是丢掉的东西。* 4）当主句以who或which开头时，定语从句中引导词用that ,不用which 或 who，以避免重复。例如： Who is the girl that is wearing a red coat ? 正穿一件红色外套的女孩子是谁？ * 5）当先行词既有人又有物时，用that。例如： The writer and his novel that you have just talked about are really well known.你刚才谈起的那位作家以及他的小说确实很著名。

2、只用which不用that的情况： * 1)关系代词前有介词时； e.g.This is the room in which Lu Xun lived.* 2)非限定性定语从句中；作宾语用的关系代词也不能省略。e.g.That necklace, which you gave me as a present, was lost yesterday.He has a daughter, who works in a hospital.* 3)先行词本身是that时；

e.g.The clock is that which tells the time 非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗号隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立。Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。（非限)There is somebody here who wants to speak to you这里有人要和你说话(限制性)* 4)which还有一种特殊用法，它可以引导从句修饰前面的整个主句，代替主句所表示的整体概念或部分概念。在这种从句中，which可以作主语，也可以作宾语或表语，多数情况下意思是与and this 相似，并可以指人。

He did very well in the competition, which made his parents very happy.* 关系代词 whom，which 在定语从句中作介词宾语时，可以和介词一起放于先行词与定语从句之间，有时为了关系紧凑也可以将 whom 与 which 与先行词紧挨着书写，的工厂。(引导词that作定语从句“(that)they visited last month”的宾语，that可以省略)

* 注意：不要以为在时间名词后就一定用关系副词when，在地点名词后就一定用关系而将介词置于定语从句的后面，That was the room in which we had lived for ten years.= That was the room which we had lived in for ten years.* 像listen to, look at, take care of等固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词与动词分开。例如：This is the boy whom she has taken care of.三、关系副词引导的定语从句

*

1、when：当主句中的先行词(即主句中被后面定语从句修饰的词)是表示时间意义的名词时，它只能作定语从句的时间状语，放在定语从句句首。如果定语从句的引导词是作该定语从句的主语或宾语，则要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：

I’ll never forget the time when we worked on the farm.He arrived in Beijing on the day when I left.The days when we used foreign oil are gone.我们用洋油的日子一去不复返了。I'll never forget the day when I was born.(=I'll never forget my birthday.)我永远不会忘记我出生的日子。

It happened in November when the weather was wet and cold.这事发生在天气又湿又冷的十一月。

The day(that)I always remember in all my life is my birthday.我一生中最难忘的日子是我的生日。(that作定语从句“that I always remember in all my life”的宾语，that可以省略)*

2、where：当主句中的先行词是表示地点意义的名词时，它只能作其所在的定语从句的地点状语，放在定语从句的句首。如果定语从句的引导词作该定语从句的主语或宾语时，也要改用关系代词that或which来引导。例如：

The factory where his father works is in the east of the city This is the room where(＝in which)I lived last year.这就是我去年住过的房间。

Is this the claroom where(=in which)the old worker is going to make/give us a report? 这就是那位老工人要给我们做报告的教室吗？

Let's look for a place where we can swim.咱们找一个可以游泳的地方吧。The building that is being built over there will be a new hospital.正在那边建的楼房将是一家新医院。(引导词that作定语从句“that is being built over there”的主语)That is the factory(that)they visited last month.那就是他们上个月参观过

副词 where，在表示原因的the reason后就一定用关系副词why。到底选用关系副词还是关系代词，关键是看它们在从句中是用作状语(用关系副词)还是用作主语或宾语(用关系代词)。

如：Don’t forget the time(that)I’ve told you.不要忘记我告诉你的时间。(that用作told的宾语)

I’ll never forget the days when I worked with you.我永远不会忘记我与你共事的日子。(when用作状语)

He works in a factory that /which makes radio parts.他在一家制造无线电零件的工厂工作。(that/ which 在从句中用作主语，且不能省略)

He works in the factory where his father worked.他在他父亲工作过的那家工厂工作。(where作状语)

That’s the reason(that /which)he explained to us.那就是他向我们解释的理由。(that或which在从句中用作explained的宾语)

That’s the reason why she left home.那就是她离家出走的原因。(why在从句中作状语)

* 英语中的关系副词主要是 when, where, why三个，不要想当然地将how用作关系副词修饰the way。

如不说 This is the way how he spoke，可改为 This is how he spoke(how引导的是表语从句)，当然也可说成 This is the way(that/ in which)he spoke.(其中的that/ in which可省略)

* 另外，when和where可引导限制性和非限制性定语从句，而why则只用于引导限制性定语从句，不用于引导非限制性定语从句。

Sunday is a holiday , when people do not go to work.星期天是假日，（这天）人们不上班。

He took us into the claroom , where there were only a few students.他把我们带进教室，那儿只有少数几个学生。

* 在定语从句的使用中，one of后面的名词是复数，这个复数名词制约后面的定语从句的谓语动词，用复数； 而在one of 前面有the或 the only时，后面引导的定语从句中的谓语动词则用单数形式。

He is the only one of the students who is elected?

Jasper is one of those people who know about the accident.定 语 从 句 练 习

一、用关系代词填空：that、which、who、whom、whose 1.This is the man ________ wants to see you.2.The student ___________ answered the question is Zhang Hua.3.The man __________ you went to see has come.4.The man ___________I met yesterday lent me some money.5.The woman _______________ you saw is our geography teacher.6.The runner ________________ you are asking about is over there.7.The person ______________ you should write to is Mr.Ball.8.The man ___________was paing by saw what happened.9.Here is the pen _________ you lost the day before yesterday.10.These books _____________ you lent me were very useful.11.The storybook ____________ I have just read cannot be easily forgotten.12.A clock is a machine ______ tells people the time.13.This is shirt _______________I bought yesterday.14.A dictionary is a book _____________ gives the meaning to the word.15.The book ____________ is on the table is mine.16.The film ____________ they are talking about is very interesting.17.I will never forget the people and the places _____ I have ever visited.18.Is there anyone ____________ family is in Beijing? 19.Show me the boy ______________ mother is a well-known singer.20.The boy______ father is a teacher is good at English.二、单项选择

()1.Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady____ comes from Beijing.A.who B.which C.whom D.whose()2.What’s the name of the program________.A.which are listening B.you are listening to C.to that you are listening D.that you are listening()3.The students were all interested ____ you told them yesterday.A.in which B.in that this C.all that D.in everything()4.He was the only person in his office______ was invited.A.whom B.whose C.that D.which()5.This is the museum______ we visited last year.A.where B.in which C.which D.in that()6.Charlie told his mother all____ had happened.A.that B.what C.which D.who()7.Do you know the student_____? A.whom I often talk B.with who I often talk

C.I often talk with D.that I often talk()8.I like the house_____ windows face south.A.whose B.who’s

C.it's D.its()9.Would you tell me where to get the dictionary _____?

A.what I need B.I need C.which I need it D.that I need it()10.The young woman_____ I spoke just now is a young doctor.A.who B.to whom C.whom D.that（）

11、Is this the factory __________ you visited the other day?

A.that

B.where

C.in which

D.the one（）

12、Is this factory __________ some foreign friends visited last Friday?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

13、Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?

A.that

B.where

C.which

D.the one（）

14、Mr.Herpin is one of the foreign experts who ______ in China.A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working（）

15、Those __________ not only from books but also through practice will succeed.A.learn

B.who

C.that learns D.who learn（）

16、We’re talking about the piano and the pianist __________ were in the concert we attended last night.A.which

B.whom

C.who

D.that

（）

17、He failed in the examination, __________ made his father very angry.A.which

B.it

C.that

D.what