Christmas_christmas的由来

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英语口语 圣诞节资料

December 25th is the day of celebration and of fun and frolic.As the long awaited winter holidays arrive, Christmas spirit builds up.The lovely snowflakes, our dear Santa, decorated homes complete with whole range of Christmas star, mistletoe, the good-luck plant, ivy, laurels and not the least the beautifully decorated and illuminated Christmas tree are some of the inseparable parts of the picture.The soft music of the Christmas carols and children eager to open their gifts certainly lend unique warmth to the coldest day of the year.12月25日是庆祝的节日和乐趣和嬉戏。期待已久的寒假的到来,圣诞节的精神建造。这个可爱的雪花,我们亲爱的圣诞装饰房屋完成整个范围的圣诞星、槲寄生植物,好运,艾薇,荣誉而不是最精美的装饰圣诞树,并有一些不可分割的部分图片。柔和的音乐的圣诞颂歌和孩子们想打开礼物的独特的确借温暖溶化的一天。

The birth of Christ is perhaps the most popular festival around the world.The dark night sky, the chilly winters all just provide the perfect backdrop for the reigning red and green colors that cheer up the entire scenery.People visit their families and arrange some of the most lavish parties.The most awaited festival, the Christmas signifies love and kindne, joy and happine.The holiday spirit of the season in one word is-infectious!

基督的诞生也许是最受欢迎的节日环游世界。黑暗的夜空,寒冷的冬天都提供了完美的背景为执政红白绿三色,振作起来整个风景。人们参观他们的家庭和安排一些最奢华的政党。最期待的节日,圣诞节意味着爱和仁慈、欢乐和幸福。这个节日的精神在这个赛季是一个字——传染性!

Christmas

Christmas is a holiday on the Christian calendar, celebrating the birth of Jesus.Among those using the Gregorian calendar, it is observed on December 25.Eastern Orthodox Churches, celebrate on December 25 on the Julian calendar, which currently is January 7 on the Gregorian calendar.Both dates are merely traditional and neither is thought to be the actual birthdate of Jesus.In Western countries, Christmas has become the most economically significant holiday of the year, celebrated also by non-Christians.The popularity of Christmas can be traced in part to its status as a winter festival.Many cultures have their most important holiday in winter because there is le agricultural work to do at this time.Examples of winter festivals that are believed by some to have influenced Christmas include the pre-Christian festivals of Yule and Saturnalia, and many of the traditions aociated with the holiday have origins in these pagan winter celebrations.In Western culture, the holiday is characterized by the exchange of gifts among friends and family members, some of the gifts being attributed to Santa Claus.However, various local and regional Christmas traditions are still practiced, despite the widespread influence of American, British and Australian Christmas motifs dieminated by film, popular literature, television, and other media.英语旅游系 2011级 酒店管理2班 周佳圆

Origin of holiday

Although no one knows on which date Jesus was born, there were several reasons for early Christians to favor December 25.The date is nine months after the Festival of Annunciation(March 25), and hence the Incarnation.It is also the date on which the Romans marked the winter solstice.Around 220, the theologian Tertullian declared that Jesus died on March 25, AD

29.Although this is not a plausible date for the crucifixion, it does suggest that March 25 had significance for the church even before it was used as a basis to calculate Christmas.Modern scholars favor a crucifixion date of April 3, AD 33(also the date of a partial lunar eclipse).(These are Julian calendar dates.Subtract two days for a Gregorian date.)

By 240, a list of significant events was being aigned to March 25, partly because it was believed to be the date of the vernal equinox.These events include creation, the fall of Adam, and, most relevantly, the Incarnation.The view that the Incarnation occurred on the same date as crucifixion is consistent with a Jewish belief that prophets died at an “integral age,” either an anniversary of their birth or of their conception.Aside from being nine months later than Annunciation, December 25 is also the date the Romans marked the winter solstice, which they referred to as bruma.For this reason, some have suggested the opposite of the theory outlined above, i.e.that the date of Christmas was chosen to be the same as that of the solstice and that the date of Annunciation was calculated on this basis.(The Julian calendar was originally only one day off, with the solstice falling on December 24 in 45 BC.Due to calendar slippage, the date of the astronomical solstice has moved back so that it now falls on either December 21 or December 22).The idea that December 25 is Jesus' birthday was popularized by Sextus Julius Africanus in Chronographiai(AD 221), an early reference book for Christians.This identification did not at first inspire feasting or celebration.In 245, the theologian Origen denounced the idea of celebrating the birthday of Jesus “as if he were a king pharaoh.” Only sinners, not saints, celebrate their birthdays, Origen contended.In 274, Emperor Aurelian designated December 25 as the festival of Sol Invictus(the “unconquered sun”).Aurelian may have chosen this date because the solstice was considered the birthday of Mithras, a syncretic god of Persian origin.Mithras is often identified with Sol Invictus, although Sol was originally a separate Syrian god.Mithras was a god of light and a child of the earth who sprang up next to a sacred stream.He was born bearing a torch and armed with a knife.Some later Mithratic beliefs were derived from Christianity, such as the belief that Mithras' birth was attended by shepherds.Sundays were dedicated to Mithras and caves were often used for his worship.A series of emperors promoted Mithraism beginning with Commodus.The cult emphasized loyalty to the emperor and Roman soldiers were expected to participate.Mithraism collapsed rapidly after Constantine I withdrew

imperial favor(312), despite being at the peak of its popularity only a few years earlier.As Constantine ended persecution, Christians began to debate the nature of Christ.The Alexandrian school argued that he was the divine word made flesh(see John 1:14), while the Antioch school held that he was born human and infused with the Holy Spirit at the time of his baptism(see Mark 1:9-11).A feast celebrating Christ's birth gave the church an opportunity to promote the intermediate view that Christ was divine from the time of his incarnation.Mary, a minor figure for early Christians, gained prominence as the theotokos, or god-bearer.There were Christmas celebrations in Rome as early as 336.December 25 was added to the calendar as a feast day in 350.History

Pre-Christian origins of holiday

Christmas has its origins in several pagan holidays.The celebration known as Saturnalia included the making and giving of small presents(saturnalia et sigillaricia).This holiday was observed over a series of days beginning on December 17(the birthday of Saturn)and ending on December 25(the birthday of Sol Invictus, the “unconquered sun”).The combined festivals resulted in an extended winter holiday season.Busine was postponed and even slaves feasted.There was drinking, gambling, and singing, and nudity was relatively common.It was the “best of days,” according to the poet Catullus.During the time in which Christianity was spreading throughout the Roman Empire, another similar religion known as Mithraism was also gaining widespread acceptance.The followers of Mithraism worshipped Mithras, a god of Persian origin, who was identified with Sol Invictus.[citation needed] The followers of Mithraism, consequently, adopted the birthday of Sol Invictus as the birthday of Mithras.In 274 AD, due to the popularity of Mithraism, Emperor Aurelian designated December 25 as the festival of Sol Invictus.