有机化学双语教学专业名词_有机化学双语教学

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Chapter 1 Introduction

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.9.periodic table positively charged electron(+), negatively charged electron(-)bond polarity electronegativity(EN)covalent and ionic bond(共价键和离子键)inductive effect(I,诱导效应)conjugate acid(base)(共轭酸(碱)); inverse relationship OH-(hydroxide);-OH(hydroxyl)The Brnsted-Lowry acid and base(布仑斯特酸和碱);the Lewis acid and base(路易斯酸和碱)

10.vacant orbital

11.nonbonding electrons

12.one lone pair of electron;an electron pair

13.electron configuaratiuon(电子构造)

14.tetrahedral(四面体)

15.hybridization(杂化);sp, sp2, and sp3 hybrid orbitals

Chapter 2 Alkanes and cycloalkanes

1.constitutional(构造异构), stereomer(立体异构)

2.Newman project(纽曼投影式, gauche(顺交叉式), twist boat conformation(扭船式)

3.conformer(构象异构), staggered conformation(交叉式), eclipsed conformation(重叠式), anti conformation(反式构象), cis-trans isomer, chair/boat conformation, axial position(轴向位置), equatorial position(平伏位置)

4.catalytic cracking(催化裂解)

5.energy barrier(能垒)

6.reactive intermediate(反应中间体), free radical(自由基), carbocation(碳正离子), carbanion(碳负离子), carbene(卡宾)

7.hyperconjugation(超共轭), resonance stabilization(共振稳定性)

8.overlap(交叠)

9.homolytic cleavage(均裂), heterolytic cleavage(异裂)

Chapter 3 Alkenes and alkynes

1.olefins(alkenes), vinylic(means : on the C=C double bond), vicinal dihalide(邻二卤代物)

2.functional group(官能团), double bond, degree of unsaturation or elements ofunsaturation(=C2HXN2)(不饱和度或不饱和元素)

3.hydrogenation, dehydrogenation(脱氢反应), dehydration(脱水反应), dehalogenation, electrophilic addition;nucleophilic addition;elimenation;dehydrohalogenation。

4.Zaitsev elimination;Hofmann product 12

5.margarine(人造黄油);cellulose(纤维素);nucleotide(核苷)

6.Oxidation,bromonium ion

7.anti(syn)stereochemistry

8.glycol(邻二醇)

9.radical polymerization(自由基聚合)

10.initiation(引发),propagation(传递), termination(终止)

11.allylic carbocation(means: a carbocation next to a double bond, 烯丙基正离子)

12.tautomerism(互变异构,rapidly interconvert)

Chapter 4 Aromatic compounds

1.2.3.4.5.6.7.8.aromatic compounds(芳香化合物)delocalized(离域的)toluene(甲苯), xylene(二甲苯);ortho-, meta-, para-(邻-,间-,对-)electrophilic substitution reaction halogenation, nitration, sulfonation, alkylation, acylation.exothermic(放热的)orienting effect(定位效应)activator(活化基团), deactivator(钝化基团)。

Chapter 5 Stereochemistry

1.stereochemistry(立体化学)

2.mirror image(镜像)

3.enantiomer(对映体)

4.chirality(手性);chiral, achiral(非手性)

5.optical activity(光学活性), polarimeter(旋光仪);levorotatory(左旋), dextrorotatory

(右旋);specific rotation(比旋光度);R/S configuration(R/S构型)

6.stereomer(立体异构体), diastereomer(非立体异构体);meso compound(内消旋化合物), racemic mixture(or racemate)(外消旋混合物);

7.resolution of enantiomers(对映体拆分)

Chapter 7 Alkyl halides

1.2.3.4.5.6.alkyl halide(卤代烃)Grignard reagent(格氏试剂)carbon-metal bond(碳金属键);organometallic compound(有机金属化合物)nucleophilic substitution reaction(亲核取代反应);substrate(底物)Bulkyl substrate(体积大的物质)Elimination(消除)

Chapter 8 Alcohols, ethers and phenols

1.hydroxyl group(羟基), hydroxide(氢氧根), hydride(氢负离子)

2.ether, ester

3.hydrogen bonding(氢键)

4.Alkoxide ion(烷氧负离子,RO-); phenoxide(苯氧负离子)

5.protonation(质子化)

6.hydration(水化), dehydration(脱水), hydrolysis(水解)

7.carbonyl compound(羰基化合物)

8.carboxylic acid(羧酸)

9.Williamson ether synthesis

10.redox reaction(氧化还原反应)

11.PCC(pyridinium chlorochromate)

12.Cresol(甲基苯酚)

13.Glycol(1,2-diols)

14.sodium borohydride(NaBH4);lithium aluminiumhydride(LiAlH4, LAH)

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