复合句_复合句经典

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复合句

一、名词性从句

1.一个句子起名词的作用，在句中做主语、宾语／介词宾语、表语、同位语 连接词有that, whether, if（做“是否”讲时，只用于宾语从句）, who, which, what, whoever, whichever, whatever, when, where, why, how等 注意：

whoever和whomever的区别

whoever和whomever相当于anyone who，用主格与宾格取决于其在从句中做主语还是做宾语。如：

They always give the vacant seats to whoever comes first.(whoever在从句中做主语)

2.有关同位语从句的问题

(1)引导词通常为that, 但有时因名词内容的需要，也可由whether及连接副词why, when, where, how引导。that不表示任何意义，其他词表示时间、地点、原因等。如：

The problem, where I will have my college education, at home or abroad, remains untouched.(2)同位语从句有时与先行词隔开，注意识别。如：

Evidence came up that specific speech sounds are recognized by babies as young as 6 months old.3.whether与if在引导名词性从句时的区别

whether与if作“是否”讲，在用法上有相同之处，也有不同之处 相同之处： 1）whether和if都能引导宾语从句，常置于see, ask, learn, tell, wonder, doubt, find out等动词之后。如：

He asked me whether/if I could help him.I want to know whether/if he lives there.2）whether和if都可用it作形式主语从句中。如：

It's uncertain whether/if he'll come this evening.3）在be uncertain/doubtful之后，常用whether引导宾语从句，有时也可以用if，如：

We are uncertain whether/if Mary will come.不同之处：

1）whether可置于句首引导主语从句，而if不能。

2）whether可用在介词之后，引导宾语从句，而if则不能。如：

Succe depends on whether we make enough effort.3）whether可引导表语从句，if则不能。如：

The question is whether it is not worth doing.4）在名词之后引导同位语从句时，用whether而不用if。如：

The question whether the students answered correctly should be decided by the teacher.5）whether后可接不定式，而if不能。如：

Please tell us whether to go or stay here.6）在有些动词（如discu）之后，只能用whether，而不用if引导宾语从句。如：

We discued whether we should close the shop.7）在引导否定概念宾语从句时，只能用if，而不用whether。如： He asked me if I hadn't finished my work.4.动词believe, expect, fancy, imagine, suppose, think后的宾语从句如为否定式，一般将否定词转移到主句谓语上。

二、副词性(状语)从句

副词在句中起状语作用，故如果起状语作用的部分为一个句子，那么该句便是副词性从句，也称状语从句。状语从句可细分为：时间、地点、条件、原因、让步、目的、结果、比较、方式等。

状语从句的测试重点为：主从句之间逻辑意义关系，是否能选择正确的从属连词。

1.条件状语从句的常考知识点

(1)if与unle的用法。if和unle都是引导条件状语从句的连词，考生应尤其注意unle的用法，因为它表示反面条件，相当于if not“如果不”、“除非”。

(2)复合连词as long as，so long as，as far as，on condition that，in the event that；动词及分词provided(that)，providing(that)，given that, suppose/supposing(that)，auming，say等引导条件状语从句。如：

You can arrive in Beijing earlier for the meeting provided you don’t mind taking the night train.Auming he is diligent in his studies at ordinary times, he is sure to pa the test.In the event that she has not been informed, I will tell her.(如果„„)You can go swimming on condition that you don’t go too far from the river bank.(如果„„)Suppose it rained, we would still go.(假如„„)Say it were true, what would you do about it?(假如„„)

(3)祈使句表示条件。如：

Dre warmly, or else you’ll catch cold.Talk to anyone in the drug industry, and you’ll soon discover that the science of genetics is the biggest thing to hit drug research since penicillin was discovered.2.让步状语从句的常考知识点

(1)as 引导让步从句，要求用倒装结构，把强调的部分置于句首。如： Much as(=as much as=though/although)he likes her, he does get irritated with her sometimes.Although/though he likes her much, he does….Humble as it may be, there is no place like home.= Althoug/though it may be humble, there is ….(2)while引导让步从句。如: Everybody cheats a little, some psychologists say, while others insist that most people are basically honest and some wouldn’t cheat under any circumstances.(3)复合连接词for all that和分词granting/granted(that)引导让步从句。如: Granted you have made much progre, you should not be conceited.For all that computers can provide us with great help, they shouldn’t be seen as substitutes for fundamental thinking and reasoning skills.3.时间状语从句的常考知识点

(1)before表示汉语的 “只有/必须„„才能”。如:

New ideas sometimes have to wait for years before they are fully accepted.(2)when引导时间从句时，如果出现在后半句，则表示“这/那时突然”。如： I have just started back for the house to change my clothes when I heard the voices.(3)when it comes to 是习惯用法，意为“当谈到„„时”。如：

Doing your homework is a sure way to improve your test scores, and this is especially true when it comes to claroom tests.(4)名词短语、介词短语each /every time, the moment/second/minute, in the time, by the time起连词作用。如: I hope her health will have improved greatly by the time we come back next year.My pain must have been apparent the moment I walked into the room, for the first man I met asked sympathetically: “Are you feeling all right?”

Mercury’s velocity is so much greater than the Earth’s that it completes more than four revolutions around the Sun in the time it takes the Earth to complete one.(5)副词directly, immediately, instantly, now引导时间从句, 相当于as soon as。如: The policemen went into action directly they heard the alarm.4.原因状语从句的常考知识点

(1)in that引导原因从句时,有时翻译成“是因为”、“就在于”。如: Advertising is distinguished from other forms of communication in that the advertiser pays for the meage to be delivered.Criticism and self-criticism is neceary in that it helps us to find and correct our mistakes.(2)now that表示 “既然”;seeing that, considering表示“鉴于”、“考虑到”。如: Now that we have all the material ready, we should begin the new task at once.He did poorly in the examinations, considering how hard he had tried for them.Seeing that she is lawfully old enough to get married, I don’t think you can stop her.其他引导原因状语从句的连接词语还有: for the(simple)reason that, by reason that, on the grounds that, in as much as, in so far as等。

5.while, whereas 引导对比从句 如:

While the teenage population in the United States has declined over the past decade, violent crimes committed by juveniles have sharply increased.A baby might show fear of an unfamiliar adult, whereas he is likely to smile and reach out to another infant.6.so„that„, with the result that, so much so that 引导结果状语从句 如: Over the years, a large number of overseas students have studied at that university with the result that it has acquired substantial experience in dealing with them.He himself believed in freedom, so much so that he would rather die than live without it.7.in order that, in case, for fear that, lest(用虚拟语气)引导目的状语从句 如: Give me your telephone number, in case I need your help.Helen listened carefully in order that she might discover exactly what John wanted.8.方式状语从句

1)A is to B what / as C is to D 2)as if/though引导的方式状语从句，既可以用陈述语气，也可以用虚拟语气。3)引导方式状语从句的关联词还有the way, how, as.如： Do it the way you were taught.Do it how you can.He did as(he was)told.三、形容词性(定语)从句

1.尤其要注意whose的用法

whose在从句中做定语，修饰名词。所以，如果关系代词后面紧接的是名词，且关系代词又不在从句中做主语或宾语，那么，这个关系代词就应该是whose。如：

He is the right person whose personality is well recognized.2.介词+ which的用法

如果从句中主宾成分齐全，考生便可考虑关系代词是否在从句中做状语，而状语通常用介词短语充当，于是可以得知，关系代词前面应有介词，再分析所给的选项，根据与名词的搭配作出正确选择。如：

We are not conscious of the extent to which work provides the psychological satisfaction that can make the difference between a full and an empty life.3.as 与which用作关系代词的区别

(1)as与the same, such, so, as等关联使用。如：

As the forest goes, so goes its animal life.(2)as和which都可以引导非限定性定语从句，但as在句中的位置比较灵活，可出现在句首、句中、句末，而which只能出现在句末，尤其是当先行词是整个句子时。如：

As is true in all institutions, juries are capable of making mistakes.As is generally accepted, economic growth is determined by the smooth development of production.常见的这类结构有：as has been said before, as has been mentioned above, as can be imagined, as is known to all, as has been announced, as can be seen from these figures, as might/could be expected, as is often the case, as has been pointed out, as often happens, as will be shown等。

4.关系代词that与which用于引导定语从句的区别

(1)如果关系代词在从句中做宾语，用that, which都可以，而且可以省略；

(2)先行词是不定代词no, every, some, any 以及anything, nothing, little, all, everything时，关系代词用that；

There is no person that is always in the right.Is there anything that I can do for you?(3)先行词由形容词最高级或序数词修饰或由next，last, only, very修饰时，用that；(4)非限定性定语从句只能用which引导；(5)关系代词前面如果有介词，只能用which。

在既指人又指事物的两个或两个以上的先行词后面，必须用that。They are talking about the people and countries that they had visited.5.but做关系代词，用于否定句，相当于who„not, that„not 这个结构的特点是主句中常有否定词或含有否定意义的词。如： There are few teachers but know how to use a computer.There is no complicated problem but can be solved by a computer.