国际商务英语（推荐）_国际商务英语教程
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21、虽然多数合同并不引起纠纷，但合同是依法实施的，任何一方当事人若未能履行合同义务，可能会受到起诉并被强制作出赔偿。
It is enforceable by law, and any party that fails to fulfill his contractual obligations may be sued and forced to make competition, though most contracts do not give rise to disputes.22、虽然易货贸易是原始、低效，并且昂贵的贸易方式，但是发展中国家巨大的债务以及世界上大量的商品过剩使其不可避免。
Barter trade is a primitive, inefficient expensive way of doing busine, but the maive debts of developing countries and the world’s oversupply of goods make it inescapable.23、对销贸易可帮助有严重债务的国家继续进口商品而实际上向债权人掩盖出口收入。Counter trade may help those nations, with serious debt problems to continue to import goods while ,in effect, concealing export earnings from creditors.24、在国际贸易中，由于交易当事人很难充分了解彼此的财务信息和信誉状况，很难建立相互信任。
In international trade, it is very difficult for the parties to get adequate information about each other’s financial standing and credit worthine, and mutual trust is hard to build.25、如果进口国的政局稳定，而且又有出口商信任的代理人，出口商就可以采用寄售方式，待货卖出后再收回货款。
If the importing country has a stable political situation and a trusted agent there to work for the exporter, the exporter can enter into consignment transactions and get payment until the goods are sold.26、在付款交单的情况下，进口商在承兑了出口商所开出的汇票后，便可得到单据，而付款则要晚于这个时间。
In the case of documents against acceptance, the importer will get the documents once the bill of exchange drawn by the ex-porter is accepted, while the payment will not be made until a later date.27、卖方凭提交的正确无误的单据得到货款，买方凭规定的单据得到货物，这种双边保证是信用证独特的，具有代表性的特征。
Against the impeccable documents presented the seller gets paid, against the stipulated documents the buyer gets the goods.This bilateral security is the unique and characteristic feature of the letter of credit.28、受益人要对信用证的所有内容进行认真审核，以便保证安全及时地收到货款。
He beneficiary has to make a careful examination of all the con-tents of the credit so as to ensure safe and timely payment.29、国际贸易中所使用的信用证多数为跟单信用证，即要求装运单据和汇票提示的信用证。Most of the credits used in international trade are documentary credits, i.e.credits that require shipping documents to be presented together with the draft.30、可撤销信用证是指在未同受益人协商的情况下对承诺进行改变，甚至取消。An revocable credit is one that its commitments can be altered or even cancelled without consulting with the beneficiary.31、在保兑信用证中受益人得到双重付款保证，因为保兑银行，在开证行承担付款义务的基础上又加上自己的承诺。
Under a confirmed credit, the beneficiary is given double aurance of payment since the confirming bank has added its own undertaking to that of the opening bank.32、各种单证上所列的商品名称、数量、金额等项目要严格地与信用证上所列的项目一致。All the items listed on different documents such as the name of commodities, quantity, amount
must be in strict conformity with those in the L/C.33、商业发票是所要求的最常见的单证之一。它是缮制其他单证的基础。
Commercial invoice is one of the required and most commonly found documents.It constitutes the basis on which other documents are to be prepared.34、提单是国际贸易中最重要的单证之一。有了它，合法持有者才可以到目的地提货。Bill of lading is one of the most important documents in foreign trade ,with which the legal holder can take delivery of the goods at the port of destination.35、常见的运输方式有水路、铁路、公路、管道及航空运输。
The widely seen modes of transport are water, rail, roads, pipe-line, and air transport.36、运输在生产过程中起着重要的作用。一方面，它将原材料、劳动力运到所需的地方。另一方面，将中间产品运到其他厂商供生产使用或把制成品运到消费者手中。
Transportation plays an important role in production.On the one hand ,it carries raw materials and labor to the place where they are needed.On the other hand, it transports intermediate products to other producers for use in their production proce, or ship the finished goods to the hands of customers.37、保险单是投保人与承保人之间的保险契约。一旦投保人购买了保单，其特定风险就从投保人转移到承保人。
Insurance policy serves as the insurance contract between the insured and the insurer.Once the insured buys the policy, the specified risk will transfer to the insurance company from the insured.38、由承保人从投保人处收集的保险费作为共同基金，受损方的索赔费从此基金中支付。The premium collected by the insurer from the insured is pooled together as a fund, and the claims of those suffering loes are paid out of this fund.39、货物保险是一种旨在将风险从进口商和出口商转移到专门承担风险的保险一方的活动。Cargo insurance is an activity aimed at moving the burden of risk from the shoulders of the exporters and importers, and placing it upon the shoulders of specialist risk-bearing underwriter.40、最大诚信原则适用于各种保险，如某人要投保人寿险，他要如实告知其身体状况。Utmost good faith applies to all kind of insurance.If a person wants to insure against life insurance, he has to tell the insurance company about his real state of health.41、如果投保人有意隐瞒任何事情，或故意误导，其行为都被视为欺诈，因此保险合同无效。If the insured intends to hide or mislead anything, which will be regarded as fraud, the contract is voidable.42、在赔偿保险索赔时，凭借保险合同，保险公司将使受损人的利益恢复到发生损害前的同等状况。
In compensating claims, insurance company will restore the in-sured to the position he our she was in before a lo occurred.43、第一次民界大战之前，金本位制建立了固定汇率制，每个国家通过将本国货币与黄金挂钩来确定其货币的平价。
Before the First World War, the gold standard created a fixed exchange rate system as each country pegged the value of its currency to gold to establish its par value.44、在特定条件下，提高利率可以吸引国外短期资金，提高一国的外汇汇率。
Under specific conditions, high interest rate will attract short-term international fund ,increasing the exchange rate of one’s own currency.45、外汇汇率有三种形式，即：买进汇率、售出汇率和两者的平均值——中间汇率。
There are three type of foreign exchange price namely: the buying rate, the selliong rate and the average of the previous two—the medial rate.46、国际复兴开发银行由160个国家政府所共同拥有，其贷款的主要来源是在世界资本市场上的借贷。
The International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is owned by the governments of 160 countries.It finances its lending operations primarily from its own borrowings in world capital market.47、世界银行对贷款作了各项规定。它明确贷款必须以生产力为目的，必须促进发展中国的经济增长，同时还要具有偿还能力。
The World Bank has set various rules for its loaning operation.It specifies that it must lend only for productive purposes and must stimulate economic growth in the developing countries, and at the same time the loan-receiving countries must be able to repay the loan.48、对外直接投资是国际投资的主要方式，一国居民为进行监控和经营通过对外投资获取各国的资产。
Foreign direct investment is the major form of international in-vestment, whereby residents of one country acquire aets in a foreign country for the purpose of controlling and managing them.49、控制成本是一些企业进行对外投资的主要动机之一。而降低生产成本是考虑的一个重要方面。
Controlling costs is one of the major motivations for some enterprises to engage in FDI.And lowering production costs is an important consideration.50、即时库存管理系统的引进能最大限度地降低库存从而提高经营效率。
The introduction of JIT inventory management system can minimize the inventory of the stock so as to increase the efficiency of the operation.51、证券所起着两个重要作用，它既是长期资本的融资市场，又是各类投资债券的交易市场。The Stock Exchange plays two fundamental roles: one for capital raising market, one for various investment instrument market.52、未上市的公司的股票不能在证交所或其他股票市场公开挂牌交易。
The unlisted companies can not trade their securities through the listing system at the stock exchange or other stock markets.53、关贸总协定的总目标体现了各成员国的向往，即提高生活水平，提供充分就业，持续、稳定地增加收入和有效需求，充分利用世界资源扩大生产。
The GATT embodies the expectations of its member countries, that is ,to improve standards of living, full employment ,steady growing volume of real income and effective demand ,the full use of the world’s resources and the expansion of production.54、乌拉圭回合和世界贸易组织的建立改变了世界贸易体系的性质。
The Uruguay Round and the establishment the WTO have shanged the character of the wold trading system.55、尽管关贸总协定是以无判别待遇为原则的，但欠发达国家仍指责关贸总协定是只考虑发达国家利益的“富人俱乐部”。
Although the GATT is based on the principle of non-differential treatment, the le-developed countries still criticize it as a “rich men club” for the interest of the developed world.56、采用强制性的自动补偿措施被看作解决发展中国家的贸易条件恶化问题的一种方案。The introduction of compulsory and automatic compensatory measures is considered as a solution to solve the problem of deteriorating terms of trade in the developing countries.57、为了促进欠发达国家的工业化进程，西方国家应开放他们的制造市场，或提供优惠关税政策。
Western countries should open up their manufacture markets or provide preferential tariffs to facilitate the industrialization proce of the le-developed countries.
