魔芋论文：岚皋县魔芋软腐病和白绢病病原菌的分离鉴定和生物防控初探_魔芋细菌性软腐病

魔芋论文：岚皋县魔芋软腐病和白绢病病原菌的分离鉴定和生物防控初探由刀豆文库小编整理，希望给你工作、学习、生活带来方便，猜你可能喜欢“魔芋细菌性软腐病”。

魔芋论文：岚皋县魔芋软腐病和白绢病病原菌的分离鉴定和生物防控初探

【中文摘要】本文主要是对陕西省安康市岚皋县蔺河乡光明村和立新村等不同自然村魔芋软腐病与白绢病病原微生物的分离纯化,致病性测试,生物学特性的研究,运用生理生化和分子生物学方法鉴定其病原微生物。通过室内特定条件对病原菌在不同温度、不同酸碱度、不同抗生素与不同药剂等条件下的生长状况及生物学特性表现的差异性进行试验,提出防控措施。对岚皋县分离得到的魔芋软腐病病原菌的形态特征,生物学特性,致病性等进行了初步研究,结果表明导致魔芋致病的病原菌最适生长温度25-30℃,40℃以上均不能生长;它可利用葡萄糖和乳糖,不能利用麦芽糖、蔗糖和淀粉。通过致病性试验发现此病菌主要以土壤传播和伤口感染为主。通过16S rDNA序列分析,初步确定该致病菌为Pectobacterium sp.,在系统发育地位上与胡萝卜软腐果胶菌胡萝卜(Pectobacterium carotovora sub sp.carotovora, p.c.c.)关系最近,相似性为98.64%。通过对种芋的处理以及温度,酸碱度等室内条件下试验,发现在种芋的处理上,对种芋处理的时间要把握好,最多不超过1小时。软腐病原菌最适宜生长的酸碱度范围为pH 5.0～8.0之间,其它范围较不适宜,尤其以强酸区表现更为明显。魔芋软腐病原菌最适生长的温度范围为25℃～30℃之间,不适生长的温度范围为6℃以下和38℃以上区间,其中停止生长的上、下限温度各为40℃和5℃。从安康市岚皋县魔芋中分离得到白

绢病病原菌,观察其形态特征和生物学特性,考察其致病性特点,并测定其ITS序列。白绢病菌丝最适生长温度为25-35℃,pH为6-9,可利用乳糖,半乳糖,葡萄糖,甘露醇,麦芽糖等为唯一碳源;利用甲硫氨酸、尿素、硝酸钾、硫酸铵和蛋白胨为唯一氮源;由ITS序列鉴定分离自岚皋县魔芋白绢病的病原菌为半知菌亚门,丝孢纲,无孢目,小核菌属的齐整小核菌(Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc.)。通过ITS鉴定技术,准确鉴定出引起魔芋白绢病的致病菌种类,并研究了该致病菌的生物学特性,为实际种植防治该病提供了理论依据。生物防控方法研究中,主要选用了10种抗生素做药敏实验,氨苄青霉素的效果最好,其次是青霉素,氯霉素,井冈霉素。在拮抗菌的筛选中,其中J-1的拮抗效果最明显,拮抗机理需要再深入研究,为魔芋软腐病害的生物防治提供理论。

【英文摘要】This paper is mainly for soft rot and southern blight of konjac purification of pathogens, pathogenicity tests, biological characteristics, the use of biochemical and physiological identified by molecular methods of pathogenic microorganisms in different villages such as Guangming and LixinVillage, Langao County, Ankang City, Shaanxi Province.Specific conditions of the laboratory pathogens at different temperatures, different pH, different agents such as antibiotics, and under different growth conditions and differences in biological characteristics to test the

performance of proposed control measures.The pathogenicity, morphological character and biological character of soft rot-causing bacteria, which isolated from Amorphalluskon jac growing in Langao county, Shaanxi province, were determined firstly.The results showed that the optimum temperature for these isolates were 25-30℃, but can’t grow beyond 40℃.They can utilize glucose and lactose, but not maltose or starch or maltose.The test of pathogenicity to Konjac reavealed that the pathway to widely spread was by soil and infection was through cutting of plants.16S rDNA sequence analysis of strains showed that they belonged to Pectobacterium sp.and were very closely related to Pectobacterium carotovora sub sp.carotovora, p.c.c.with 98.64% sequence identity.From line treatment, by species and temperature, pH and other tests under laboratory conditions, found in the handling of species of taro, taro on the kinds of proceing time to grasp, no more than 1 hour.The best optimum growth of soft rot bacteria’s pH range between pH5.0 ~ 8.0, other than the appropriate range of areas, particularly in the strong acid is more obvious.This bacteria of the original optimum growth temperature range between 25℃-30℃, the temperature range of above 38℃and below 6℃is not suitable, when the temperature below 5℃or above 40℃, the bacteria

stopped growing.The southern blight-causing bacteria were isolated from Amorphalluskon jac collected in Langao county.The becteria were identified by an almost complete ITS gene sequence analysis together with the morphological and biological properties..The results showed that the optimum temperature and pH for these isolates were 25 to 35℃and pH 4-7, respectively.They can utilize glucose, lactose, maltose, galactose and mannitol as solely carbon resource, and use methionine, unrea, potaium nitrate, ammonium sulfate and peptone as solely nitrogen.The test of pathogenicity to Konjac reavealed that the pathway to widely spread was by soil and infection was through cutting of plants.The analysis of ITS sequences of strains showed that they belonged to Sclerotium rolfsii Sacc., Agonomycetales, Hyphomycetes and Deuteromycotina.The pathogenic bacteria that cause sclerotium rolfsii disease have been determind by the ITS sequence analysis method.The results of this experiment will provide a theoretical basis for disease prevention.Prevention and control methods in biological research, mainly used to do 10 kinds of antibiotics susceptibility test, ampicillin was the best, followed by penicillin, chloramphenicol and Jinggangmycin.Screening of antagonistic bacteria in which the

antagonistic effect of J-1 the most significant antagonistic mechanism requires further in-depth research, to provide biological control of konjac soft rot damage theory.【关键词】魔芋 软腐病 白绢病 分离鉴定 生物防控

【英文关键词】Konjac Soft rot Southern Blight Isolation and Identification Biological control 【目录】岚皋县魔芋软腐病和白绢病病原菌的分离鉴定和生物防控初探摘要5-6

ABSTRACT6-7

10-11

第一章 文献综述1.2 魔芋研究进展12-15

1.3.1 魔芋软腐10-2011-121.1 引言1.3 魔芋病害研究进展

12-14病研究进展14-15

1.3.2 魔芋白绢病的研究进展

1.4 软腐病1.3.3 魔芋其他病害的研究进展

15-1816-17和白绢病综合防控措施的研究进展施措施15-1617-181.4.2 生物防控措施1.5 研究内容

1.4.1 农业防控措1.4.3 药剂防控

1.6 立题依据及研究意义18-20究20-32第二章 魔芋软腐病病原菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性研2.1 采样地概况2.2.1 主要试剂2.3 方法

2.2 材料20-2120-2121-22

2.2.2 主要培养基2.3.1 样品采集22

2.3.3 目的菌的形态

21-252.3.2 目的菌分离纯化

22-23观察与生物学特性的研究23

2.3.4 目的菌的致病性研究

23-25

2.4 结2.3.5 病原菌的16S rDNA 序列研究

果与分析25-2626-2825-302.4.1 分离株与致病性检测结果2.4.2 病原菌形态观察结果与生物学特性2.4.3 分子鉴定

28-30

2.5 讨论

30-32第三章 魔芋白绢病病原菌的分离鉴定与生物学特性研究32-4132-34测定343.1 材料与方法3.1.2 病原菌的分离与纯化

32-3634

3.1.1 采样3.1.3 致病性的3.1.4 病原菌丝体的形态观察及生物学特性测定3.1.5 病原菌的ITS 序列分析36-39

35-36

3.2 结果34-35与分析3636-39

3.2.1 病原菌分离与纯化与致病性3.2.2 病原菌形态观察与部分生物学特性3.3 讨论

3.4 结论

41-464143-4543-44参考文献致谢

39-41

第四章 魔芋软腐病生物防控研究初探41-4341-434344-4550-51544.1.1 试验材料4.2 结果与分析4.2.2 拮抗菌的抑菌率4.3 小结附录

45-46

4.1 材料与方法4.1.2 试验方法

4.2.1 分离菌4.2.3 药敏性实验46-50

缩略词作者简介

51-5353-54