英语逻辑关系词_逻辑关系词英语

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 转折关系

but, however, yet(然而), on the contrary, contrary to, contrarily, by(in)contrast(to), whereas, rather than, instead of, unlike, in fact(effect), actually弱转, conversely 1.contrary只做adj.形容词。contrary to和be contrary to意思一样，用法不同。看3个句子： 1.I am contrary to what others have said.I like John.这里的contrary to what...和前面的am构成了系表结构，也就是常说的谓语（也是标准的be contrary to结构）。be contrary to其实就是系表结构，这里的be和contrary无关，是句子的系动词 2.What I find interesting in his words is the idea of learning contrary to everyday experience.这里的contrary to...是形容词短语做the idea of learning的后置定语 3.Contrary to what others have said, I do like John.这里的contrary to...是形容词短语做伴随状语

2.contrast to the diligent bee, the butterfly flies hither and yon with no apparent purpose.In contrast with the chorus of birdsongs in my backyard, my front yard is serenaded by the sound of rumbling buses flying down the street.By contrast, the Picao is more vibrant and full of life.The cats will often sleep the day away.The dogs, by contrast, never settle down.3.连接词 conj..(公文用语,常用在句首)鉴于

Whereas the following incidents have occurred...鉴于下列事件业已发生...反之;却;而

Some people like fatty meat, whereas others hate it.有些人喜欢肥肉,而有些人却不喜欢。

5.adv.相反地, 颠倒地

He placed the box conversely.他把箱子放倒了。

Conversely-off exhausting or-term exceive activities will make human organisms decline and further impair their physiological capacity.而一次性力竭运动或长期过度训练则能导致机体水平的下降，在不同程度上损害机体正常功能发挥。



让步关系

 although, much as, 1.虽然, 尽管

Much as she likes him, she would never consider marrying him.尽管她喜欢他, 但她并不打算嫁给他。

though, even though(if), even, despite, in spite of, neverthele, adv.仍然, 然而, 不过

What you said was true but neverthele unkind.你所说的都对, 不过有点不客气。conj.尽管如此, 然而

The news may be unexpected;neverthele it is true.这消息也许是出乎意料的, 然而是真实的。

anyhow(anyway), as, while（虽然、尽管、即使）, still（尽管如此） 总分关系（举例&总结）

举例：for example、for instance、such as、including 总结：in sum，in general, overall, 全面考虑的 We did an overall consideration of the matter at last.最后我们又对这个问题作了全盘考虑。adv.大体上, 总的来说

Overall, prices are still rising.总的说来, 价格仍在上涨。

to sum up，on the whole, generally  因果关系 because in that ＋句子 表原因 due to thanks to

owing to＋名词 表原因 since

now that

ever since ＋句子 表原因 because of on account of in response to ＋名词 表原因 lead to contribute to result in＋名词（前因后果）so that such that

in order that＋句子

(强调目的、结果的因果)in view of in the light of by virtue of ＋名词

鉴于、由于 put down to ascribe to attribute to owe to ＋名词

归因于 so thus hence therefore consequently(as a consequence/ as a result)＋句子

（因此）

for, as, as a result of, with（由于，由于某种条件或原因的存在出现了某种结果） 递进关系 递进词：still、also、indeed、furthermore（进一步）、moreover（而且、此外）、highlighting（突出、强调）、even（甚至、更）、besides(注意区分except), additionally, in addition, what’s more  条件关系

连词：if, provided/providing that, conj.如果, 假如 Provided it's fine we will have a pleasant holiday.如果天气良好, 我们的假日将过得非常愉快。

suppose, supposing, conj.如果

Suppose he can't come, who will do the work? 如果他不能前来, 谁来做这项工作呢?

in case(of), in the event of, aume, presumably，6.No reply from him yet, presumably he hasn't received my letter.他没有回信, 想必没有收到我的信。

so long as, unle, Don't ask me to explain unle you really don't understand.不要叫我解释, 除非你真的不懂。

Unle paying by credit card, please pay in cash.如果不用信用卡付账, 就请付现金。

only if, when  并列关系

并列词：and（和）、as well as（也）、likewise（同样的）

Watch him and do likewise.盯着点, 照他的样子做。、while（与此同时）、similarly（类似地）、or（或者）、simultaneously（同时发生地）、meanwhile（同时）

adv.同时;其间

I continued working, meanwhile, he went out shopping.我继续工作, 这期间他出去买东西。

in the meantime、neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also、more…than