蓬莱阁_蓬莱阁介绍

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蓬莱阁

Ladies and gentlemen, Welcome to Penglai.My name is Miao Meng.I am very pleased to be at your service as a tour guide today.The first sight we are going to visit today is Penglai Pavilion, which is one of the four most famous pavilions in China, and it is the symbol of the city.Before our sight-seeing, I’d like to tell you something about the city.Situated on the north coast of Shandong Peninsula, Penglai is a famous tourist city in China.It has been know as a fairyland since ancient time.Why is it called “fairyland”? There may be three reasons.One is from the literature documents.Many ancient books recorded that there were three supernatural mountains in the sea to the east of China.These three supernatural mountains were described as Penglai, Fangzhang

and Yingzhou.They were all inhabited by immortals, and there were wonder herbs on the mountains.So many noted figures in history came here to seek immortality and visited places of interest.Emperor Wudi of The Han Dynasty came here several times.Of course he couldn’t find the supernatural mountains.However, he ordered to name this small city Penglai.The second reason is related to the well-known legend, “Eight immortals croing the sea”.It is said that the eight immortals got drunk at Penglai Pavilion and croed the sea with different tricks without ship or boats.This legend is so popular in China that it becomes a common saying, “ like the Eight Immortals croing the sea, each one showing his or her special feats.” In a moment, we’ll pay a visit to the Eight Immortals.The third reason has something to do with a natural phenomenon.During spring and summer, mirages sometimes appear above the sea nearby Penglai.When this happens, various strange pavilions, terraces, houses and pedestrians seem to appear in the sky above the sea surface.They are now visible, now hidden, very mysterious.Many visitors come to view these natural tricks of light reflection every year.And wish today we had the luck to view these natural wonders.Well, ladies and gentlemen, perhaps you can’t wait.Let’s quickly enter the fairyland and have a close look.Speaking of Penglai Pavilion, in fact, it includes a vast group of ancient buildings on a land area of 18,900 square meters, composed of six buildings and their attached constructions, including Penglai Pavilion, Tianhou palace, Longwang palace, Luzu palace and Mituo Temple.Now, in front of us is the magnificent archway which has the name of ‘丹崖仙境’, they mean red hill and fairyland.These four Chinese characters were written by the vice-chairman

Dong Biwu when he came here in 1964.Paing the gate, we’re really in fairyland now.How do you feel everybody? Would you like to have your pictures taken here?

After that archway, we now see three gates from west to east.Now please enter the first gate which is to Longwang Palace.Now we can see in the middle sits Longwang or the Dragon King, with his eight followers standing by on both sides.It was said that the Dragon King was in charge of rain and has the power to control the sea.So every year many people came here to send tribute to him to pray for safety and harvesting fishery on the sea.And when there was a drought, the county magistrate, taking his people along with him, came here to worship the Dragon King and ask him to be merciful to make some rain.At first, many people came to worship the Dragon King, but eventually, another new sea goddne took the place of him.That was the Goddne enshrined in Tianhou Palace.Shall we go and visit her? Now ladies and gentlemen, we’re in the front courtyard of Tianhou Palace.Here is an opera house where performances are made every year during the Temple Fair.It is said that January 16th on Chinese lunar calendar is the birthday of Tianhou.People in Penglai have long enjoyed the custom of gathering for the temple fair on this day.Coming from all directions to Tianhou Palace, they burn jo sticks to worship the sea godne, to pray and draw divination sticks, or to donate money for peace and happine.Farmers from nearby countryside organize operas and yange, a popular rural folk dance here for performance on the stage of the opera house or on the square in front of the pavilion.This is the occasion when huge crowd of people gathers for fun and entertainment.Ok, everybody.After seeing the opera house, let’s enter the main palace.It was first built in 1122 in the Song Dynasty, and

rebuilt in 1837 after being burnt.It is said that Tianhou is a goddne who was in charge of the sea.People that live in the seaside areas, including the people of Taiwan, are all pious followers of her.Here in Penglai she is called Sea Goddne, but in her hometown, Fujian province, she’s affectionately called “Mazu”.The real name of Tianhou was Linmo, and she was born at Maizhou, Fujian province in 960 in the Northern Song Dynasty, and died at the age of 28.It was said that she was unusual when she was young, and she became godne after death.She always helped people who were in danger on the sea, so she was praised by people and was conferred the title of Tianhou by Emperors Kongxi and Qianlong in the Qing Dynasty.Now in front of us is a two-story wooden pavilion.Yes, this is the very famous Penglai Pavilion.It was first built in 1061 and has been rebuilt many times during the Ming and Qing Dynasties.It is one of the four famous pavilions in China.That three Chinese characters are “蓬莱阁”, they were written by the famous calligrapher Tiebao of the Qing Dynasty, and you’ll have a chance to have a look at his other works inside the pavilion in a moment.Let’s go in.look at those statue figures, who are they? Can you gue? Yes, they’re the well-known eight immortals.They’re now sitting at a square table drinking.That square table is called “baxianzhuo” in Chinese.Maybe they have been here drinking for decades.Now let’s go upstairs and enjoy the beautiful scenery here.What a view!The sea’s wide and blue, dotted with several sailing boats and some green islands.That hill in the west is called Tianheng Hill, It is the start of the south end for the division line between the Huanghai Sea and the Bohai Sea.On the hill there is a newly built culture park which is beautiful and well-known.And look here, this is the famous Penglai

Water City which we’re gonna pay a visit this afternoon.Out of the pavilion, let’s move this way.Now here is the Luzu Temple, and next to it is Sanqing Temple.They’re all Daoism Temples.Well everybody, we have been on sight-seeing for more than two hours, and we have visited the famous Penglai Pavilion, Longwang Temple, Tianhou Palace, Luzu Temple and Sanqing Temple.It is time for lunch now, and we’ll go on after the lunch break.Thank you for your cooperation

现在我们将进入的是蓬莱阁名胜景区，游览时间是一个半小时左右。在游览过程中，我将竭诚为您服务，并很愿意回答您所提出的问题。希望我们共同合作，度过这美好愉快的时光。

首先为大家介绍一下蓬莱阁景区的基本情况。

蓬莱阁景区是以丹崖山为中心、蓬莱水城和田横山为两翼的，融自然风光与人文景观于一体的名胜风景区。景区面积为10平方公里。蓬莱阁古建筑群始建于北宋嘉祐六年（1061年），经过了宋、明、清三代不断的扩建和改建。整个建筑群建筑面积为18900平方米，占地面积为32800平方米，分为六个建筑单体，共有100多间，整个古建筑群楼台殿阁分布得宜，寺庙园林交相辉映，古朴典雅，独有千秋，成为名扬中外的游览胜地。1982年被国务院公布为全国重点文物保护单位。

蓬莱是古代登州府署所在地，管辖着九个县一个州，是当时中国东方的门户。久负盛名的登州古港，是中国古代北方重要的对外贸易口岸和军港，与我国东南沿海的泉州、明州（宁波）和扬州，并称为中国四大通商口岸，并且是我国目前保存得最完好的古代海军基地。蓬莱依山傍海，所以又以“山海名邦”著称于世，山光水色堪称一绝。

蓬莱的魅力不仅在于它厚重的历史文化积淀和苍茫豪放的山海风光，而且在于它有着美丽动人的神话传说。

在我们中国古代流传下来的神话中，有两个很重要的系统。一个是昆仑神话系统，一个是蓬莱神话系统。昆仑神话系统发源于西部高原地区，它那瑰丽的故事传到东方以后，与浩瀚的大海这一自然条件结合起来，形成了蓬莱神话系统。

蓬莱也就自然成为中国东方神话的策源地。《山海经》和《封禅书》中，都把蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲三座神山描绘得活灵活现，于是便引得齐威王、燕昭王派出探险家到海中寻求神山，秦始皇东巡求药、汉武帝御驾访仙。据史籍记载，蓬莱城北海面常出现海市，散而成气，聚而成形，虚无缥缈，变幻莫测。那些好事的方士便以海市的虚幻神奇，演绎出海上三神山的传说，惟妙惟肖地描绘出一个令世人向往的神仙世界，更为蓬莱平添了几分神采。

后来八仙过海的故事也加盟到这里，就更加生动迷人了，被称为“人间仙境”也就名副其实。我们刚才进入的是“人间蓬莱”坊，为四柱冲天式单檐彩绘坊，额题“人间蓬莱”四个鎏金大字，为苏东坡手迹。内外两边柱子上分别镌刻的书画名家刘海粟题的“神奇壮观蓬莱阁，气势雄峻丹崖山”和费新我题写的“丹崖琼阁步履逍遥，碧海仙槎心神飞跃”楹联，昭示此牌楼为仙境之门，游人入门即可做神仙之游。

弥陀寺：弥陀寺始建于唐代，是蓬莱阁景区内唯一的佛教寺庙。这里曾是香火极盛的佛教传播基地。但是到了唐代，武宗李炎鉴于佛教盛行造成建寺庙占耕地过多，出家当和尚和尼姑的人也越来越多的状况严重影响了国家赋役来源，与国家利益发生尖锐冲突，发动了禁佛运动。佛教历史上共发生过四次法难，即灭佛。唐武宗的法难称“会昌法难”，时间不长，因为武宗在位一共才六年。他勒令在全国范围内拆毁佛教大寺近5000座，拆除小寺40000多座，还俗佛教徒26万多人。就这样，使佛教受到严重打击。弥陀寺也不能幸免，虽然没有遭到拆除之灾，也一度僧尼还俗，门庭冷落。

明万历十一年（1583年），佛教名僧憨山德清（明末四大禅僧之一）来山东崂山传教，含辛茹苦十二年，终于实现了他儒、释、道三教合一、各宗并进、禅净双修的思想。由于当时代表了佛教革新的先进思想，在崂山以及胶东地区的佛教界影响很深，他的弟子遍布各地。这时，蓬莱阁内的弥陀寺香火复盛，渐渐扩建成今天的规模。

弥陀，是号称西方三圣之一的阿弥陀佛的简称（西方三圣指的是阿弥陀佛、观世音、大势至）。弥陀寺，是供奉阿弥陀佛的寺庙。

这里是弥陀寺前殿，东边是密迹金刚，西边是那罗延金刚，两位金刚各手持宝杵，成为护卫寺院的第一道防线。

这里是祖师殿（西厢），中间主尊为慧远法师。他的右侧为刘遗民、恒伊，左边为陶渊明、慧然。

慧远，是古山西雁门楼烦人（今山西原平），俗姓贾，生于公元334年。他自幼聪颖过人，博览六经、《老子》、《庄子》。由于厌倦当时战乱年代，他无心仕途，便和弟弟慧持投到名僧道安门下。他从21岁开始，跟随道安师父23年。44岁时奉道安之命带着十来个弟子南行，经过庐山时，被庐山秀丽风光所迷，便决定留在庐山接收徒弟，共修佛业。

慧远在江州刺史恒伊的资助下，在庐山的西林寺东面建起东林寺，东林寺的选址和建起，构成宗教建筑与自然环境融为一体的园林，体现了中国寺庙园林的雏形，在中国佛教史上留下灿烂的一页。后来慧远在东林寺创立净土宗，东林寺就成为净土宗祖庭，慧远成为净土宗一代祖师。为纪念江州刺史恒伊功德，将他塑在慧远的身旁。公元402年，慧远邀集刘遗民、慧然等123人建斋立誓，建立了中国佛教最早的结社--白莲社。白莲社的成立，标志着中国佛教净土法门的兴起。刘遗民、慧然功不可没，被塑在慧远左右。

东林寺的前面有一条小溪，名叫虎溪。慧远专心修行，足不出户，所以送客的时候从来不过虎溪桥。如果过了虎溪桥，神虎便会大声吼叫,提醒慧远。一次他送陶渊明和刘遗民，边谈边走，不知不觉便过了虎溪，神虎便吼叫不止，三人相视大笑。这一则文苑佳话，被称为“虎溪三笑”，流传到现在。

这里是关公殿（东厢），中间主尊为关公。关公，是我国东汉末年西蜀名将，官拜前将军、汉寿亭侯爵位。宋代以后，统治者为巩固政权需要，大力宣扬关羽的“忠义”，关羽地位不断提高。特别是元末著名小说《三国演义》问世以后，关羽名声大震，由王升为帝，由帝升为大帝，成为华夏诸神中的一员，并为之修建关帝庙，独立道观。

关公怎么会到了佛寺里，成为佛界神明？相传南朝高僧智者大师（智）在当阳玉泉寺居住时，当地乡民反映：关公遇害，心怀愤恨，常于凄风苦雨之时显灵大呼“还我头来！”。智者大师敬仰关公为一代名将，仁义至极，因此设坛超度关公，并对关公灵位说法，关公闻法后，愿作佛弟子。智者大师念关公已入佛门，就将其塑在佛寺伽蓝殿中。自此，关公成为释、道、儒三教都敬奉的神明。旁边供奉的是关公手下的几员大将，分别是关平、王甫、周仓和赵累。

关公进入佛寺的原因还有一说：南朝陈与隋朝时的高僧智是中国天台宗四祖。南朝陈后主赠名智为“海慧菩萨”。陈亡后，隋朝炀帝为智 受“菩萨戒”，并尊他为“智者大师”。关公本是道教的神，而关公被佛教神化是源于《佛祖统记》卷六《智者传》：天台宗智在湖北当阳玉泉山建精舍，曾“见二人威仪如王，长者美髯而丰厚，少者冠帽而秀发”。自通姓名，乃关羽、关平父子，请于近山建寺，把关公列为伽蓝神之一。如现在杭州的灵隐寺，就在十八伽蓝神旁塑关公像供奉。玉泉山，原名覆舟山。因山有泉窟，玉泉流其中，至隋朝智居此后，改名玉泉山。

现在我们一起参观一下弥陀寺的正殿，里面供奉的是西方三圣和十八罗汉。正中供奉的是阿弥陀佛。其左协侍为观世音菩萨，右协侍为大势至菩萨。阿弥陀佛是西方极乐世界的教主，他能够接引念佛的人前往西方极乐世界，所以又称“接引佛”，为净土宗敬奉的主要对象。传说阿弥陀佛过去是一位国王，喜欢听佛讲经说法，所以放弃了王位，出家修行，法号“法藏”。他在佛前发下四十八愿，其中一个大愿就是：将来他成佛后，凡信奉他并读诵他的名号的人，命终之时，佛就前往，接引其去西方极乐世界。后来，他经历无数劫难，终于实现誓愿，成为阿弥陀佛，号“无量寿佛”，他所在的世界为西方净土极乐世界。您看他右手下垂，左手当胸，执一莲台表示“弘扬佛法，度尽世间众生苦”。据专门叙述阿弥陀佛及西方极乐世界的汉译佛经《无量寿经》记载，阿弥陀佛在极乐净土中，高站于莲台上，左右分别有观世音菩萨和大势至菩萨为协侍，构成“西方三圣”的组像。阿弥陀佛胸前有一“ ”（万）字，这是古印度宗教的吉祥标志，象征太阳与火，在佛教中用来表示佛的智慧与慈悲无限。

观世音，是以慈悲救苦为本愿的菩萨，又称观自在菩萨、观音声菩萨、窥音菩萨，略称观音菩萨，别称救世菩萨、莲华手菩萨、圆通大士。凡是遇难的人念叨他的名字，他就会顺着声音来救助，所以被称为观世音菩萨。

大势至菩萨，之所以称为“大势至”，据说，在他出行的时候十方土地都为之震动，所以得名。他是一位以智慧之光普照一切的菩萨，但是他的名气却远不及观世音，尽管大势至菩萨在中国受到冷落，但在日本却受到广泛崇拜。日本佛教中，有观世音和大势至接引善人灵魂送归净土的说法。所以在公元1192--1333年这一时期，随着佛教净土学和净土真言的传播，日本对大势至的信仰颇为流行。他手拿莲花，意为“净土”。

旁边供奉的是十八罗汉，是佛的一群高足弟子。罗汉是梵文阿罗汉的简称。和尚经修行，取得正果后，便可以成为罗汉。他们是奉佛主之命到世间拯救众生的，常住世间不涅（不进行生死轮回）。中国佛教中经常提到的有十六罗汉、十八罗汉、以及五百罗汉等等。罗汉原来指的是原始的小乘佛教所达到的最高成就。据说，一个佛教徒修行，可能达到高低不同的四种成就，每种成就就叫一个果位。这四种果位是：预流果，一来果，不还果，阿罗汉果。有点类似现在的学位，阿罗汉果就好像今天的最高学位，修成这个果位的和尚，就算是功成名就了，永远也不会再投胎转世遭受生死轮回之苦了。得到此果的人就称为阿罗汉。

“蓬kǔｎ”圆形墙门：这个“ kǔｎ”字指的是宫中的小路。蓬莱既然是一处仙界，这里的“蓬”二字便毫无疑问指的是仙宫中的路了。里面的门额上书有“胜境”二字。

万民感德碑亭：这是万民感德碑亭。清朝康熙皇帝曾降旨普免田赋一年，登州官吏以百姓感恩的名义，建起了这座碑亭。原碑早已毁坏，只剩下碑座，这座石碑是１９９５年重立的。碑亭为木石结构，式样为八角十六柱，拱顶飞檐式。

丹崖仙境坊：俗话说“山不在高，有仙则名；水不在深，有龙则灵”。这丹崖山并不高，但是因为它有了仙人的传说和仙境的美称，便名扬天下了。道教的求仙、寻仙和修仙，从一开始就与海中的神山联系着。方士们很早就从事着去三神山－－蓬莱、方丈、瀛洲觅取不死之药的活动，并且怂恿帝王也去从事这类活动，三神山传说的扩展，又引出了十洲三岛的仙境。在凡界人间，被称为道教胜地的主要有“三山、五岳、洞天、福地”，我们现在所处的地方，就是道教胜地中的三山之一——蓬莱。

现在我们看到的是丹崖仙境坊，原来叫“丹崖胜境坊”，是木质结构。清光绪末年被毁坏，民国初年修复后，改名“丹崖仙境坊”，后又被毁坏，这是１９８１年下半年修复的。“丹崖仙境”四个字，是董必武副主席１９６４年来蓬莱阁时题写的。因为蓬莱阁坐落在丹崖山上，这里的石头是红褐色的，所以称为“丹崖”。丹崖山古称蓬莱岛。自从有了三神山的传说，在我们汉语的词汇中，“蓬莱”二字便成了仙境的代名词。蓬莱阁是建造在仙岛丹崖之上的，所以便成了仙境的象征。这个牌坊是蓬莱阁上标志性比较强的一个建筑物，大家可以在此摄影留念。江泽民等国家领导人都曾在这里留过影。

文山李启垣在蓬莱阁上留下一副楹联写道：“眼前沧海难为水，身到蓬莱即是仙”。“神仙”二字是蓬莱有别于其它旅游胜地的主要特色，也是蓬莱旅游叫得响的品牌，神仙的超脱与逍遥，自然是很具有魅力的。要做神仙之游，非蓬莱莫属。

显灵门：进入仙境自然有神仙显灵，现在大家看到的就是显灵门。显灵门是天后宫的宫门。天后宫里供奉的是海神娘娘，过去渔民最崇敬的就是海神娘娘，常来这里祈祷海神娘娘保佑出海平安无事。